Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrabnaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

• *hrabô

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *krobʰ-no-s, from a root *krobʰ- likely of onomatopoeic origin, similar to that of various words for corvids in various languages; compare Swedish korp.

Older theories derived the word from a root Proto-Indo-European *ḱer-, whence also Latin corvus, Proto-Balto-Slavic *śárˀkāˀ. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?) Regardless, these words share the same sound-symbolic logic as the Germanic.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxrɑβ.nɑz/

Noun

*hrabnaz m

1. raven

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *hrabnaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*hrabnaz	*hrabnōz, *hrabnōs
vocative	*hrabn	*hrabnōz, *hrabnōs
accusative	*hrabną	*hrabnanz
genitive	*hrabnas, *hrabnis	*hrabnǫ̂
dative	*hrabnai	*hrabnamaz
instrumental	*hrabnō	*hrabnamiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *hrabn, *hrabō
  • Old English: hræfn, hrefn, hræmn, hrem, hremn, hræfen
    • Middle English: raven, reven, revin
      • English: raven
      • Scots: ravin, revin, rawin
  • Old Frisian: ravan
    • Saterland Frisian: Roave (possibly from Middle Low German)
    • West Frisian: raven
  • Old Saxon: hravan, hraƀan, ravan
    • Middle Low German: rāven, rāve, rāvene, rāmme
      • German Low German: Raav, Roov

        Westphalian:

        Ravensbergisch: Räwe

        Lippisch: Rabe

        Westmünsterländisch: Raawe, Raabe

      • Plautdietsch: Rowen
  • Old Dutch: ravan
    • Middle Dutch: rāven
      • Dutch: raaf
  • Old High German: raban, hraban, hram, ram, rabo, rappo
    • Middle High German: raben, ram; rabe, rab, rappe, rapp; rauen (plural; Niederrheinisch)
      • Alemannic German: Rapp
      • Central Franconian:

        Hunsrik: Raab, Raaf

        Luxembourgish: Ramm

      • German: Rabe
      • Rhine Franconian: Rab, Ramm, Rapp

        Frankfurterisch: [ʀɑːp]

      • Yiddish: ראָב (rob)
• Proto-Norse: ᚺᚨᚱᚨᛒᚨᚾᚨᛉ (harabanaʀ)
  • Old Norse: hrafn, hramn
    • Icelandic: hrafn
    • Faroese: ravnur
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: ramn, (dialectal) rabn, rabm, ravn
    • Old Swedish: ramn, rampn, rafn
      • Swedish: ramn, ramm (dialectal)
    • Old Danish: rafn
      • Danish: ravn
        • Norwegian Bokmål: ravn