af-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "af"

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse af-. Compare German ab-, Swedish av-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑʊ̯/

Prefix

af-

1. de-, to cause to cease to be

   tabuisere (“to taboo”) -> aftabuisere (“to detaboo”)

   klassificere (“classify, make classified (secret)”) -> afklassificere (“declassify, make unclassified”)

   militarisere (“militarize”) -> afmilitarisere (“demilitarize”)

   mystificere (“mystify”) -> afmystificere (“demystify”)

2. off, from (signifies removal)

   rive (“rip”) -> afrive (“rip off”)

   skrælle (“peel”) -> afskrælle

Synonyms

• (de-): de-

Derived terms

Danish terms prefixed with af-

afart

afbryde

afdrage

affolke

afgrund

afgå

afisoleringstang

afkolonisere

afkom

aflive

afskaffe

afsky

afslutning

afslutte

afsløre

afspille

afstå

aftabuisere

aftægt

afvente

afvise

Dutch

Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *ab.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑf/

• Audio:

  (file)

Prefix

af-

1. (prefix) de-, en-
2. down
3. off

Derived terms

Category Dutch terms prefixed with af- not found

• afbieden

Gothic

Romanization

af-

1. Romanization of 𐌰𐍆-

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse af-, from Proto-Germanic *aba-.

Prefix

af-

1. de-

Derived terms

Icelandic terms prefixed with af-

affosfórun

afgreiða

afhenda

afhjúpa

afhýða

afhöfða

afklæða

afleitur

aflétta

afmá

afmeyja

afsaka

afsetja

afskrá

afspurn

afsögn

aftaka

Old English

Alternative forms

• of-

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *aba-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑf/

Prefix

af-

1. away, off, from, away from

   ofcuman, afcuman ― to come from, originate from

Usage notes

• This is a verbal prefix. The noun counterpart of this prefix is æf-.

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *aba-. Cognate with Old Norse æf-.

Prefix

af-

1. away, off, from, away from
2. excessively, negatively

Derived terms

Old Norse terms prefixed with af-

abbindi

afbrýði

afburðar

afburðr

afganga

afgangr

afhendr

aflagliga

afleggja

aflát

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *aba-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑf/

Prefix

af-

1. Forming verbs and adjectives with the sense of "off", "away", "from", "out of", "away from"

   afgevan/afgeƀan (“to give up, surrender”)

2. down

   afbrekan (“break down, pluck”)

   afheldian (“go down, end”)

Scots

Prefix

af-

1. Shetland form of aff-

References

• “af-, pref.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

Swedish

Prefix

af-

1. Obsolete spelling of av-.

Welsh

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *aβ̃-, from Proto-Celtic *am-, allophonic variant of *an- before *b and *ɸ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /av/

Prefix

af-

1. not, un-, non-, an-, dis-, negative prefix

   Synonym: an-

   ‎af- + ‎glân (“clean; honest”) → ‎aflan (“corrupt, evil”)

   ‎af- + ‎llwyddiannus (“successful”) → ‎aflwyddiannus (“unsuccessful”)

   ‎af- + ‎rhwydd (“easy”) → ‎afrwydd (“difficult”)

   ‎af- + ‎iechyd (“health”) → ‎afiechyd (“sickness, illness”)

Usage notes

The prefix af- triggers the soft mutation. It is used only before gl, ll, rh, and consonantal i, with an- used elsewhere.

Derived terms

Welsh terms prefixed with af-

aflan

aflendid

afloyw

afloywder

afiach

aflafar

afleoli

aflêr

afles

aflesol

aflonydd

aflun

afluniad

afluniaidd

aflwydd

aflwyddo

aflwyddiannus

aflwyddiant

aflym

afradlon

afraid

afreol

afresymol

afrifed

afrwydd

Mutation

Mutated forms of af-

radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
af-	unchanged	unchanged	haf-

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “af-”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies