pani

See also: Appendix:Variations of "pani"

Languages (31)

Angloromani • Balkan Romani • Baltic Romani • Carpathian Romani • Erromintxela • Estonian • Finnish • Halbi • Ido • Italian • Javanese • Kavalan • Latin • Maori • Old Polish • Polish • Quechua • Romani • Samoan • Sardinian • Sicilian • Silesian • Sinte Romani • Slovak • Tok Pisin • Traveller Norwegian • Venetan • Vlax Romani • Welsh Romani • West Makian • Yenish

Page categories

Angloromani

Alternative forms

pali, pan, panni, pawni

Etymology

Inherited from Romani pani.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈpʰaːniː], [ˈpʰæːni], [ˈpʰɑːni], [pʰaːniː], [ˈpʰɑni], [ˈpʰaniː], [ˈpɑːnɪ], [ˈpʰæni]

Noun

pani

water
Synonyms: mungri, pia
brook
drink
tea
pond
lake
sea
Synonyms: bawro pani, bori lun pani, lon bori pani
rain
river
Synonym: boro pani
tears
urine
Synonym: mutter

Derived terms

References

“pani”, in Angloromani Dictionary‎^[3], The Manchester Romani Project, 2004-2006, page 158

Balkan Romani

Noun

pani m

(Bugurdži, Crimea, Kosovo Arli, Macedonian Arli, Sepečides, Sofia Erli, Ursari) water
Synonym: (Crimea) panisi

Derived terms

Baltic Romani

Alternative forms

paňi (Lotfitka)
panî (Xaladitka)

Noun

pani m

(Litovska) water
Synonym: (Latvia) paaňing

Derived terms

Carpathian Romani

Alternative forms

paani, paaňi (Romungro)
paj (Burgenland)
paji, paňi (Gurvari, Hungarian Vend)
paň (Hungarian Vend)
páni (Veršend)
pauňi (Prekmurski)

Noun

pani m

(Burgenland, East Slovakia, Gurvari) water
(East Slovakia) sweat, perspiration
(Gurvari) river, lake

Derived terms

Erromintxela

Etymology

Inherited from Romani pani.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /pani/

Noun

pani

water
Synonym: panina
sea
Synonym: panina baru

References

Alexandre Baudrimont (1862) “pani”, in Vocabulaire de la langue des Bohémiens habitant les pays basques français [Vocabulary of the language of the Roma living in the French Basque Country], Bordeaux: G. Gounouilhou, →OCLC

Estonian

Verb

pani

third-person singular past indicative of panema

Finnish

Verb

pani

third-person singular past indicative of panna

Anagrams

apin, pain, pian

Halbi

Noun

pani

water

References

Ronald L. Trail, Patterns in clause, sentence, and discourse in selected languages of India and Nepal 4: Word lists (1973), Summer Institute of Linguistics Publications in Linguistics and Related Fields 41(4), page 17

Ido

Noun

pani

plural of pano

Italian

Noun

pani m

plural of pane

Anagrams

Pina, pian, pina

Javanese

Romanization

pani

Romanization of ꦥꦤꦶ

Kavalan

Noun

pani

bow (for shooting)
knitting tool (shuttle)

Latin

Noun

pānī

dative singular of pānis

Maori

Etymology

From Proto-Oceanic *pani (cognates include Hawaiian poni “to anoint, to daub in oil”, Tongan pani “to smear, to daub in oil; to stain; to cover with oil”, Samoan pani “to dye”, Fijian vani “to oil one's hair [by passing through fingers]”).^[1]^[2]^[3]

Verb

pani (passive pania)

to smear, to spread across
to daub
to paint
to apply (of medicine)
to frost (of cakes)

Noun

pani

paint
polish

References

^ Tregear, Edward (1891) Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary‎^[1], Wellington, New Zealand: Lyon and Blair, page 311
^ Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “pani.1”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online
^ Ross, Malcolm D., Pawley, Andrew, Osmond, Meredith (1998) The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic, volume 1: Material Culture, Canberra: Australian National University, →ISBN, pages 100-1

Old Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gъpanьji. First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /pani/
IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /pani/

Noun

pani f (male equivalent pan)

(attested in Greater Poland) female equivalent of pan (“lady”) (master of a feudal manor)
- 1959 [1389], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 63, Poznań:
  Jaco pani szastauila swe dobro i cupila trzeczø czanscz Kuropatnik
  [Jako pani zastawiła swe dobro i kupiła trzecią część Kuropatnik]
(attested in Greater Poland) form of respect for non-noblewomen
- 1858 [c. 1408], Wojciech Szurkowski z Ponieca, “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. "Ortyls"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6, Poniec, page 69:
  Hannus zalowal na panyą Anną
  [Hannusz żałował na panią Annę]
female equivalent of pan (“wife, especially one of a castellan”)
- 1861 [1398], Pismo poświęcone naukom, sztukom i przemysłowi‎^[4], volume III, Biblioteka Warszawska, page 34:
  Tekdi gdi stala ossada pane bytgostkey hy Paskowa, tedi poslali comornika hy vosnego do paney hy do Paska
  [Tegdy gdy stała osada panie bydgostkiej i Paszkowa, tedy posłali komornika hi woźnego do paniej hi do Paszka]
(attested in Lesser Poland) female equivalent of pan (“lady”) (owner of land)
- 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]‎^[5], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 122, 3:
  Yako oczy poselkyney w røkv *pøney (dominae) swogey, tako oczy nasze kv panv bogv
  [Jako oczy posełkiniej w ręku paniej (dominae) swojej, tako oczy nasze ku Panu Bogu]
(attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca, Greater Poland) female equivalent of pan (“lady, woman”) (female human)
- 1415, Przecław Słota, O zachowaniu się przy stole‎^[6], Łęczyca, Poznań, line 74:
  Tako panna yako pany ma to wedecz, czszo szø gany
  [Tako panna jako pani ma to wiedzieć, cso się gani]

Related terms

adjectives

nouns

verbs

panać impf
paniać impf
(impf) panować

Descendants

Polish: pani
- → Belarusian: па́ні (páni)
- → Russian: па́ни (páni)
- → Ukrainian: па́ні (páni)
- → Yiddish: פּאַני (pani)
Silesian: pani

References

Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “pani”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “pani”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “pani”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish pani.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpa.ɲi/

(Greater Poland):
- (Chełmno-Dobrzyń) IPA^(key): /ˈpa.ɲi/

Audio 1: (file)
Audio 2: (file)
Rhymes: -aɲi
Syllabification: pa‧ni
Homophone: Pani

Noun

pani f (male equivalent pan)

female equivalent of pan (“woman”) (specific female person, especially one unknown to the speaker)
female equivalent of pan (“Mrs; miss”) (title before a last name)
female equivalent of pan (“mistress, lady”) (person with power over something)
female equivalent of pan (“madam”) (rich, well-presenting person)
female equivalent of pan (“lady”) (master of a house)
female equivalent of pan (“teacher”)
(Middle Polish) female equivalent of pan (“protector”)
Synonym: protektorka
(Middle Polish) female equivalent of pan (“owner”)
Synonym: właścicielka
(Chełmno-Dobrzyń) female equivalent of pan (“mother”)
Synonym: matka

Pronoun

pani f (masculine pan)

female equivalent of pan (“you”) (polite second person f nominative, it takes verbs as third-person sg form)
Coordinate terms: pan, państwo

Declension

Declension of pani

	singular	plural
nominative	pani	panie
genitive	pani	pań
dative	pani	paniom
accusative	panią	panie
instrumental	panią	paniami
locative	pani	paniach
vocative	pani	panie

Descendants

→ Belarusian: па́ні (páni)
→ Russian: па́ни (páni)
→ Ukrainian: па́ні (páni)
→ Yiddish: פּאַני (pani)

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), pani is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 7 times in scientific texts, 5 times in news, 4 times in essays, 102 times in fiction, and 538 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 656 times, making it the 71st most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.^[1]

References

^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “pani”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 354

Quechua

Alternative forms

pana (Cuzco-Collao)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpa.nɪ/

Noun

pani

(Ayacucho) sister of a man

Declension

declension of pani

	singular	plural
nominative	pani	panikuna
accusative	panita	panikunata
dative	paniman	panikunaman
genitive	panip	panikunap
locative	panipi	panikunapi
terminative	panikama	panikunakama
ablative	panimanta	panikunamanta
instrumental	paniwan	panikunawan
comitative	panintin	panikunantin
abessive	paninnaq	panikunannaq
comparative	panihina	panikunahina
causative	panirayku	panikunarayku
benefactive	panipaq	panikunapaq
associative	panipura	panikunapura
distributive	paninka	panikunanka
exclusive	panilla	panikunalla

possessive forms of pani

ñuqap - first-person singular

ñuqap (my)	singular	plural
nominative	paniy	paniykuna
accusative	paniyta	paniykunata
dative	paniyman	paniykunaman
genitive	paniypa	paniykunap
locative	paniypi	paniykunapi
terminative	paniykama	paniykunakama
ablative	paniymanta	paniykunamanta
instrumental	paniywan	paniykunawan
comitative	paniynintin	paniykunantin
abessive	paniyninnaq	paniykunannaq
comparative	paniyhina	paniykunahina
causative	paniyrayku	paniykunarayku
benefactive	paniypaq	paniykunapaq
associative	paniypura	paniykunapura
distributive	paniyninka	paniykunanka
exclusive	paniylla	paniykunalla

qampa - second-person singular

qampa (your)	singular	plural
nominative	paniyki	paniykikuna
accusative	paniykita	paniykikunata
dative	paniykiman	paniykikunaman
genitive	paniykipa	paniykikunap
locative	paniykipi	paniykikunapi
terminative	paniykikama	paniykikunakama
ablative	paniykimanta	paniykikunamanta
instrumental	paniykiwan	paniykikunawan
comitative	paniykintin	paniykikunantin
abessive	paniykinnaq	paniykikunannaq
comparative	paniykihina	paniykikunahina
causative	paniykirayku	paniykikunarayku
benefactive	paniykipaq	paniykikunapaq
associative	paniykipura	paniykikunapura
distributive	paniykinka	paniykikunanka
exclusive	paniykilla	paniykikunalla

paypa - third-person singular

paypa (his/her/its)	singular	plural
nominative	panin	paninkuna
accusative	paninta	paninkunata
dative	paninman	paninkunaman
genitive	paninpa	paninkunap
locative	paninpi	paninkunapi
terminative	paninkama	paninkunakama
ablative	paninmanta	paninkunamanta
instrumental	paninwan	paninkunawan
comitative	paninintin	paninkunantin
abessive	paninninnaq	paninkunannaq
comparative	paninhina	paninkunahina
causative	paninrayku	paninkunarayku
benefactive	paninpaq	paninkunapaq
associative	paninpura	paninkunapura
distributive	panininka	paninkunanka
exclusive	paninlla	paninkunalla

ñuqanchikpa - first-person inclusive plural

ñuqanchikpa (our(incl))	singular	plural
nominative	paninchik	paninchikkuna
accusative	paninchikta	paninchikkunata
dative	paninchikman	paninchikkunaman
genitive	paninchikpa	paninchikkunap
locative	paninchikpi	paninchikkunapi
terminative	paninchikkama	paninchikkunakama
ablative	paninchikmanta	paninchikkunamanta
instrumental	paninchikwan	paninchikkunawan
comitative	paninchiknintin	paninchikkunantin
abessive	paninchikninnaq	paninchikkunannaq
comparative	paninchikhina	paninchikkunahina
causative	paninchikrayku	paninchikkunarayku
benefactive	paninchikpaq	paninchikkunapaq
associative	paninchikpura	paninchikkunapura
distributive	paninchikninka	paninchikkunanka
exclusive	paninchiklla	paninchikkunalla

ñuqaykup - first-person exclusive plural

ñuqaykup (our(excl))	singular	plural
nominative	paniyku	paniykukuna
accusative	paniykuta	paniykukunata
dative	paniykuman	paniykukunaman
genitive	paniykupa	paniykukunap
locative	paniykupi	paniykukunapi
terminative	paniykukama	paniykukunakama
ablative	paniykumanta	paniykukunamanta
instrumental	paniykuwan	paniykukunawan
comitative	paniykuntin	paniykukunantin
abessive	paniykunnaq	paniykukunannaq
comparative	paniykuhina	paniykukunahina
causative	paniykurayku	paniykukunarayku
benefactive	paniykupaq	paniykukunapaq
associative	paniykupura	paniykukunapura
distributive	paniykunka	paniykukunanka
exclusive	paniykulla	paniykukunalla

qamkunap - second-person plural

qamkunap (your(pl))	singular	plural
nominative	paniykichik	paniykichikkuna
accusative	paniykichikta	paniykichikkunata
dative	paniykichikman	paniykichikkunaman
genitive	paniykichikpa	paniykichikkunap
locative	paniykichikpi	paniykichikkunapi
terminative	paniykichikkama	paniykichikkunakama
ablative	paniykichikmanta	paniykichikkunamanta
instrumental	paniykichikwan	paniykichikkunawan
comitative	paniykichiknintin	paniykichikkunantin
abessive	paniykichikninnaq	paniykichikkunannaq
comparative	paniykichikhina	paniykichikkunahina
causative	paniykichikrayku	paniykichikkunarayku
benefactive	paniykichikpaq	paniykichikkunapaq
associative	paniykichikpura	paniykichikkunapura
distributive	paniykichikninka	paniykichikkunanka
exclusive	paniykichiklla	paniykichikkunalla

paykunap - third-person plural

paykunap (their)	singular	plural
nominative	paninku	paninkukuna
accusative	paninkuta	paninkukunata
dative	paninkuman	paninkukunaman
genitive	paninkupa	paninkukunap
locative	paninkupi	paninkukunapi
terminative	paninkukama	paninkukunakama
ablative	paninkumanta	paninkukunamanta
instrumental	paninkuwan	paninkukunawan
comitative	paninkuntin	paninkukunantin
abessive	paninkunnaq	paninkukunannaq
comparative	paninkuhina	paninkukunahina
causative	paninkurayku	paninkukunarayku
benefactive	paninkupaq	paninkukunapaq
associative	paninkupura	paninkukunapura
distributive	paninkunka	paninkukunanka
exclusive	paninkulla	paninkukunalla

Coordinate terms

Romani

Etymology

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀧𑀸𑀡𑀻𑀅 (pāṇīa), from Sanskrit पानीय (pānīya).^[1]^[2]^[3] Cognates include Gujarati પાણી (pāṇī), Marwari पाणी (pāṇī), Sindhi پَاڻِي (pāṇī).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /pa.ˈni/

Noun

pani m inan (nominative plural panǎ)

water^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]
O pani si maj śudro akana.
The water is colder now.

Derived terms

baro pani

Descendants

Angloromani: pani, pali, pan, panni, pawni
Caló: pañí
- → Spanish: pañí
Erromintxela: pani
Tavringer Romani: pani
Traveller Norwegian: pani
Traveller Scottish: pani
→ Yenish: pani

References

^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “pānīˊya”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 456
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Boretzky, Norbert, Igla, Birgit (1994) “paní”, in Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten [Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 207b
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Yaron Matras (2002) Romani: A Linguistic Introduction‎^[2], Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 27, 39
^ Marcel Courthiade (2009) “o pan/i¹, -ěs- m. -ǎ, -ěn-”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (overall work in Hungarian and English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page 264b
^ Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “pan/i, -ǎ”, in ニューエクスプレスプラス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 153a

Samoan

Noun

pani

bun

Sardinian

Alternative forms

pane (Logudorese)

Etymology

From Latin pānis (“bread”).

Noun

pani

bread

Sicilian

Etymology

From Latin pānis, pānem (“bread”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈpa.nɪ]
Hyphenation: pà‧ni

Noun

pani m (plural pani)

bread
- 1905, Reinhold Rost, The Lord's prayer in five hundred languages, page 135:
  Danni oggi lu nostru pani quotidianu.
  Give us this day our daily bread.

Silesian

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish pani.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpa.ɲi/
Rhymes: -aɲi
Syllabification: pa‧ni

Noun

pani f (male equivalent pōn)

female equivalent of pōn (“woman”)
Synonyms: kobiyta, żyńskŏ
formal way of addressing a woman; female equivalent of pōn (“lady”)
female equivalent of pōn (“lord, mistress”)

Sinte Romani

Noun

pani m

Alternative form of paňi (“water; river, lake”)

Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gъpanьji.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpaɲi/

Noun

pani f (declension pattern of pani, male equivalent pán)

lady
(not inflected) Mrs or Lady

Usage notes

When following a name, the word pani is not inflected.

Declension

Declension of pani

	singular	plural
nominative	pani	panie
genitive	panej	paní
dative	panej	paniam
accusative	paniu	panie
locative	panej	paniach
instrumental	paňou	paniami

Related terms

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English funny.

Adjective

pani

funny

Traveller Norwegian

Etymology

Inherited from Romani pani.

Noun

pani

References

“pani” in Norwegian Romani Dictionary.
“pani” in Tavringens Rakripa: Romanifolkets Ordbok, Landsorganisasjonen for Romanifolket.

Venetan

Noun

pani

plural of pan

Vlax Romani

Noun

pani m

Lovara form of paj (“water, lake, river”)

Welsh Romani

Noun

pani m

water
body of water, river, lake, stream, sea

Derived terms

References

“pani” in Welsh Romani-English Dictionary, ROMLEX – the Romani Lexicon Project, 2000.

West Makian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpa.n̪i/

Noun

pani

the buttocks
Synonym: gua

References

Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎^[7], Pacific linguistics

Yenish

Etymology

Borrowed from Romani pani.

Noun

pani

water

References

Lützenhardter - Wörterbuch, page 22
Christian Efing, Jenisch unter Schaustellern (2004), page 104

[1] Tregear, Edward (1891) Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary‎^[1], Wellington, New Zealand: Lyon and Blair, page 311

[2] Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “pani.1”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online

[3] Ross, Malcolm D., Pawley, Andrew, Osmond, Meredith (1998) The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic, volume 1: Material Culture, Canberra: Australian National University, →ISBN, pages 100-1

[4] Ida Kurcz (1990) “pani”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 354

[5] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “pānīˊya”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 456

[bi-6] 2.0 ^2.1 Boretzky, Norbert, Igla, Birgit (1994) “paní”, in Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten [Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 207b

[m-7] 3.0 ^3.1 Yaron Matras (2002) Romani: A Linguistic Introduction‎^[2], Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 27, 39

[8] Marcel Courthiade (2009) “o pan/i¹, -ěs- m. -ǎ, -ěn-”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (overall work in Hungarian and English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page 264b

[9] Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “pan/i, -ǎ”, in ニューエクスプレスプラス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 153a

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Angloromani

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Etymology

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Balkan Romani

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Baltic Romani

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Erromintxela

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Estonian

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Halbi

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Ido

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Romani

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Samoan