[bytes()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-bytes) and [bytearray()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-bytearray) don't show the default values for `source`, `encoding` and `errors` as shown below: > class bytearray(source=b'') > class bytearray(source, encoding) > class bytearray(source, encoding, errors) > class bytes(source=b'') > class bytes(source, encoding) > class bytes(source, encoding, errors) So, they should have the default values as shown below: > class bytearray(source=b'') > class bytearray(source, encoding='utf-8') > class bytearray(source, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict') > class bytes(source=b'') > class bytes(source, encoding='utf-8') > class bytes(source, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict')