Penanggalan Alkitab

Empat tabel memberikan penanggalan atau rangkaian penanggalan yang paling umum diterima untuk Perjanjian Lama/Alkitab Ibrani, kitab-kitab Deuterokanonika (tercantum dalam Alkitab-Alkitab Katolik Roma dan Ortodoks Timur, namun tidak dalam Alkitab-Alkitab Ibrani dan Protestan) dan Perjanjian Baru, termasuk kemungkinan hipotesis soal riwayat pembuatannya.

Tabel I: Ikhtisar kronologi

Tabel ini menjelaskan kronologi tabel utama dan disajikan sebagai paduan untuk periode-periode sejarah yang disebutkan. Kebanyakan Alkitab Ibrani/Perjanjian Lama dibuat pada abad ke-5 SM.^[1] Kitab-kitab Perjanjian Baru kebanyakan dikomposisikan pada paruh kedua abad ke-1 M.^[2] Kitab-kitab Deuterokanonika kebanyakan dibuat pada masa-masa di antaranya.

Periode	Kitab
Zaman Kerajaan Abad ke-8 sampai ke-7 SM s. 745–586 SM	Akhir abad ke-8 sampai awal abad ke-7 SM: Amos (komposisi awal dari lembar terawal);^[3] "Yesaya Pertama" (Yesaya 1–39),^[4] Hosea,^[5] Mikha (paruh kedua).^[6] Abad ke-7 SM: Nahum (berdasarkan pada asumsinya soal kejatuhan Tibia dan seruan untuk penghancuran Niniwe),^[7] Zefanya (pada masa pemerintahan Yosia, s. 649–609 SM),^[8] Habakkuk (diyakini tak lama sebelum Pertempuran Karkemis, 605 SM);^[9] edisi pertama sejarah Deuteronomistik (kitab-kitab Yosua/Hakim-Hakim/Samuel/Raja-Raja) pada masa pemerintahan Yosia;^[10] Ulangan 5–26 pada masa pemerintahan Yosia.^[11]
Zaman Pembuangan Abad ke-6 SM 586–539 SM	Inti Obaja pada sekitaran masa kejatuhan Yerusalem, 586 SM.^[12] Perampungan Sejarah Deuteronomistik (Yosua/Hakim-Hakim/Samuel/Raja-Raja).^[13] Ulangan diperluas dengan tambahan pasal 1–4 dan 29–30 untuk dijadikan sebagai pengenalan sejarah Deuteronomistik.^[11] Yeremia dibuat pada dasawarsa akhir dari abad ke-7 dan dasawarsa-dasawarsa pertama pada abad ke-6;^[14] Yehezkiel dibuat di Babilonia pada 592–571 SM;^[15] "Yesaya Kedua" (penulis Yesaya 40–55) dibuat di Babilonia pada sekitar pertengahan abad.^[16] Perluasan dan perombakan Hosea, Amos, Mikha dan Zefanya.^[17] Diyakini kumpulan Mazmur awal (mazmur-mazmur "dari Daud") berakhir dengan mazmur 89.^[17]

Referensi

Kutipan

^ Berquist 2007, hlm. 3–4.
^ Perkins 2012, hlm. 19ff..
^ Radine 2010, hlm. 71.
^ Brettler 2010, hlm. 161–162.
^ Emmerson 2003, hlm. 676.
^ Rogerson 2003a, hlm. 690.
^ O'Brien 2002, hlm. 14.
^ Gelston 2003, hlm. 715.
^ Gelston 2003, hlm. 710.
^ Campbell & O'Brien 2000, hlm. 2 and fn.6.
^ ^a ^b Rogerson 2003b, hlm. 154.
^ Gelston 2003, hlm. 696.
^ Brettler 2007, hlm. 311.
^ Biddle 2007, hlm. 1073.
^ Goldingay 2003, hlm. 623.
^ Blenkinsopp 2007, hlm. 974.
^ ^a ^b Carr 2011, hlm. 342.

Daftar pustaka

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Alter, Dennis (2009). The Book of Psalms: A Translation with Commentary. W. W. Norton. ISBN 9780393337044.
Bartlett, John R. (2003). "1 Maccabees". Dalam Dunn, James D. G.; Rogerson, John William. Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802837110.
Bernstein, Alan E. (1996). The Formation of Hell: Death and Retribution in the Ancient and Early Christian Worlds. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0801481314.
Berquist, Jon L. (2007). Approaching Yehud: New Approaches to the Study of the Persian Period. SBL Press. ISBN 9781589831452.
Biddle, Mark E. (2007). "Jeremiah". Dalam Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann. The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195288803.
Blenkinsopp, Joseph (2007). "Isaiah". Dalam Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann. The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195288803.
Blenkinsopp, Joseph (1996). A History of Prophecy in Israel. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664256395.
Boring, M. Eugene (2012). An Introduction to the New Testament: History, Literature, Theology. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664255923.
Brettler, Mark Zvi (2007). "Introduction to the Historical Books". Dalam Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann. The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books. Oxford University Press.
Brettler, Marc Zvi (2010). How to read the Bible. Jewish Publication Society. ISBN 978-0-8276-0775-0.
Brueggemann, Walter (2003). An introduction to the Old Testament: the canon and Christian imagination. Westminster John Knox. ISBN 978-0-664-22412-7.
Campbell, Antony F.; O'Brien, Mark A. (2000). Unfolding the Deuteronomistic History. Fortress Press.
Carr, David (2011). The Formation of the Hebrew Bible: A New Reconstruction. Oxford University Press.
Carr, David (2000). "Genesis, Book of". Dalam Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Eerdmans.
Carroll, M. Daniel (2003). "Amos". Dalam Dunn, James D. G.; Rogerson, John William. Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible. Eerdmans.
Carroll, M. Daniel (2003). "Malachi". Dalam Dunn, James D. G.; Rogerson, John William. Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible. Eerdmans.
Charlesworth, James H. (2008). The Historical Jesus: An Essential Guide. Abingdon Press.
Collins, John J. (2002). "Current Issues in the Study of Daniel". Dalam Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron. The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception. BRILL. ISBN 978-9004116757.
Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann (2007). "Editors' Introduction". Dalam Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann. The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195288803.
Davidson, Robert (1993). "Jeremiah, Book of". Dalam Metzger, Bruce M.; Coogan, Michael D. The Oxford Companion to the Bible. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199743919.
Day, John (1990). The Psalms. Old Testament guides. A&C Black. ISBN 978-1-85075-703-0.

Dell, Katherine J. (2003). "Job". Dalam Dunn, James D. G.; Rogerson, John William. Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802837110.
Dell, Katherine J (1996). "Reinventing the Wheel: the Shaping of the Book of Jonah". Dalam Barton, John; Reimer, David James. After the exile: essays in honour of Rex Mason. Mercer University Press. ISBN 9780865545243.
deSilva, David A. (2003). "4 Maccabees". Dalam Dunn, James D. G.; Rogerson, John William. Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802837110.
Dozeman, Thomas (2000). "Exodus, Book of". Dalam Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Eerdmans. ISBN 9789053565032.
Duling, Dennis C. (2010). "The Gospel of Matthew". Dalam Aune, David E. The Blackwell Companion to the New Testament. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-0825-6.
Emmerson, Grace I. (2003). "Hosea". Dalam Dunn, James D. G.; Rogerson, John William. Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802837110.
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Floyd, Michael H (2000). Minor prophets. 2. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802844521.
France, R.T (2007). The Gospel of Matthew. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802825018.
Gelston, Anthony (2003). "Habakkuk". Dalam Dunn, James D. G.; Rogerson, John William. Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802837110.
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[FOOTNOTEBerquist20073–4-1] Berquist 2007, hlm. 3–4.

[FOOTNOTEPerkins201219ff.-2] Perkins 2012, hlm. 19ff..

[FOOTNOTERadine201071-3] Radine 2010, hlm. 71.

[FOOTNOTEBrettler2010161–162-4] Brettler 2010, hlm. 161–162.

[FOOTNOTEEmmerson2003676-5] Emmerson 2003, hlm. 676.

[FOOTNOTERogerson2003a690-6] Rogerson 2003a, hlm. 690.

[FOOTNOTEO'Brien200214-7] O'Brien 2002, hlm. 14.

[FOOTNOTEGelston2003715-8] Gelston 2003, hlm. 715.

[FOOTNOTEGelston2003710-9] Gelston 2003, hlm. 710.

[FOOTNOTECampbellO'Brien20002_and_fn.6-10] Campbell & O'Brien 2000, hlm. 2 and fn.6.

[FOOTNOTERogerson2003b154-11] Rogerson 2003b, hlm. 154.

[FOOTNOTEGelston2003696-12] Gelston 2003, hlm. 696.

[FOOTNOTEBrettler2007311-13] Brettler 2007, hlm. 311.

[FOOTNOTEBiddle20071073-14] Biddle 2007, hlm. 1073.

[FOOTNOTEGoldingay2003623-15] Goldingay 2003, hlm. 623.

[FOOTNOTEBlenkinsopp2007974-16] Blenkinsopp 2007, hlm. 974.

[FOOTNOTECarr2011342-17] Carr 2011, hlm. 342.

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Tabel I: Ikhtisar kronologi

Referensi

Kutipan

Daftar pustaka

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