Alîkarî:IPA ji bo spanî

Dengdêr
IPA	Nimûne	Bilêvkirin
b^[1]	bestia; embuste; vaca; envidia; fútbol	best
β	bebé; obtuso; vivir; curva	between baby and bevy
d^[1]	dedo; cuando; aldaba	dead
ð	dádiva; arder; admirar	this
f	fase; café	face
ɡ^[1]	gato; lengua; guerra	got
ɣ	trigo; amargo; sigue; signo	like go, but without completely blocking air flow on the g
ʝ^[1]^[2]	ayuno; poyo	you
ɟʝ^[1]^[2]	cónyuge; abyecto	job
k	caña; laca; quise; kilo	scan
l	lino; alhaja; principal	lean
ʎ^[1]^[2]	llave; pollo	million
m^[3]	madre; comer; campo; anfibio	mother
n^[3]	nido; anillo; anhelo; sin; álbum	need
ɲ^[3]	ñandú; cañón; enyesar	canyon
ŋ^[3]	cinco; venga; conquista	sing
p	pozo; topo	spouse
r^[4]	rumbo; carro; honra; amor; amor eterno	trilled r
ɾ^[4]	caro; bravo; amor eterno	batter (American English)
s^[5]	saco; espita; xenón	sack
θ^[5]	cereal; encima; zorro; enzima; paz	thing
t	tamiz; átomo	stand
tʃ	chubasco; acechar	choose
v^[6]	afgano	van
x	jamón; general; México;^[7] hamster^[8]	Scottish loch
z^[6]	isla; mismo; deshuesar	quiz
Fonemên marjînal
IPA	Nimûne	Bilêvkirin
ʃ^[9]	show; Rocher; Freixenet	shack
ts	abertzale; Pátzcuaro	cats

Dengdar
IPA	Nimûne	Bilêvkirin
a	azahar	father
e	vehemente	set
i	dimitir; mío; y	see
o	boscoso	sole
u	cucurucho; dúo	food

Nîvdengdar^[10]
IPA	Nimûne	Bilêvkirin
j	aliada; cielo; amplio; ciudad	yet
w^[11]	cuadro; fuego; Huila; arduo; pingüino	wine

Dûbare û Hecelkirin
IPA	Nimûne	Bilêvkirin
ˈ	ciudad [θjuˈðað]	domain
.	mío [ˈmi.o]	Mayan

Nîşe

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f /b, d, ɡ, ʝ/ are pronounced as the fricatives or approximants [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕, ʝ˕] (represented here without the undertacks) in all places except after a pausa, after an /n/ or /m/ or, in the case of /d/ and /ʝ/, after an /l/. Then, they are stops [b, d, ɡ, ɟʝ] like English b, d, g, j, but they are fully voiced in all positions, unlike their English counterparts. When it is distinct from /ʝ/, /ʎ/ is realized as an approximant [ʎ] in all positions (Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté 2003:257-8).
^ ^a ^b ^c Most speakers no longer distinguish /ʎ/ from Şablon:IPAslink; the actual realization depends on dialect, however. See yeísmo and Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:258) for more information.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d The nasal consonants /n, m, ɲ/ contrast only before vowels. Before consonants, they assimilate to the consonant's place of articulation, which is partially reflected in the orthography. The three do not contrast at the end of a word; depending on dialect, the neutralized nasal may appear as [n], [ŋ], or nasalization of the preceding vowel.
^ ^a ^b The rhotic consonants /ɾ/ and /r/ contrast only between vowels. Otherwise, they are in complementary distribution, with [[[
en:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]] occurring word-initially, after /l/, /n/, and /s/, and also represented here as before consonants, and word-finally (positions in which they vary); only [[[

en:Alveolar tap|ɾ]]] is found elsewhere.
^ ^a ^b Northern and Central Spain still distinguish between ⟨s⟩ (Şablon:IPAslink) and soft ⟨c⟩ or ⟨z⟩ (Şablon:IPAslink). Almost all other dialects treat the two as identical (which is called seseo) and pronounce them as Şablon:IPAslink. There is a small number of speakers, mostly in southern Spain, who pronounce the soft ⟨c⟩, ⟨z⟩ and even ⟨s⟩ as Şablon:IPAslink, a phenomenon called ceceo. See phonological history of Spanish coronal fricatives and Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:258) for more information.
^ ^a ^b [v] and [z] are allophones of, respectively, /f/ and /s/ before voiced consonants.
^ The letter ⟨x⟩ represents /x/ only in certain proper names like Ximena and some placenames in current or former Mexico (Oaxaca, Texas).
^ The letter ⟨h⟩ represents /x/ only in loanwords; in native words, it is always silent.
^ /ʃ/ is used only in loanwords and certain proper nouns. It is nonexistent in many dialects, being realized as [[[
en:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]]] or [[[

en:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]]]; e.g. show [tʃou]~[sou].
^ The semivowels [[[
en:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]] and [[[

en:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]] can be combined with vowels to form rising diphthongs (e.g. cielo, cuadro). Falling diphthongs (e.g. aire, rey, auto) are transcribed with Şablon:IPAslink and Şablon:IPAslink.
^ Some speakers may pronounce word-initial [w] with an epenthetic [ɡ]; e.g. Huila [ˈɡwila]~[ˈwila].

Çavkanî

Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 255–259

[Approximant-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f /b, d, ɡ, ʝ/ are pronounced as the fricatives or approximants [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕, ʝ˕] (represented here without the undertacks) in all places except after a pausa, after an /n/ or /m/ or, in the case of /d/ and /ʝ/, after an /l/. Then, they are stops [b, d, ɡ, ɟʝ] like English b, d, g, j, but they are fully voiced in all positions, unlike their English counterparts. When it is distinct from /ʝ/, /ʎ/ is realized as an approximant [ʎ] in all positions (Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté 2003:257-8).

[yeismo-2] Most speakers no longer distinguish /ʎ/ from Şablon:IPAslink; the actual realization depends on dialect, however. See yeísmo and Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:258) for more information.

[nasal-3] The nasal consonants /n, m, ɲ/ contrast only before vowels. Before consonants, they assimilate to the consonant's place of articulation, which is partially reflected in the orthography. The three do not contrast at the end of a word; depending on dialect, the neutralized nasal may appear as [n], [ŋ], or nasalization of the preceding vowel.

[rhotic-4] The rhotic consonants /ɾ/ and /r/ contrast only between vowels. Otherwise, they are in complementary distribution, with [[[
en:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]] occurring word-initially, after /l/, /n/, and /s/, and also represented here as before consonants, and word-finally (positions in which they vary); only [[[

en:Alveolar tap|ɾ]]] is found elsewhere.

[seseo-5] Northern and Central Spain still distinguish between ⟨s⟩ (Şablon:IPAslink) and soft ⟨c⟩ or ⟨z⟩ (Şablon:IPAslink). Almost all other dialects treat the two as identical (which is called seseo) and pronounce them as Şablon:IPAslink. There is a small number of speakers, mostly in southern Spain, who pronounce the soft ⟨c⟩, ⟨z⟩ and even ⟨s⟩ as Şablon:IPAslink, a phenomenon called ceceo. See phonological history of Spanish coronal fricatives and Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:258) for more information.

[vz-6] [v] and [z] are allophones of, respectively, /f/ and /s/ before voiced consonants.

[7] The letter ⟨x⟩ represents /x/ only in certain proper names like Ximena and some placenames in current or former Mexico (Oaxaca, Texas).

[8] The letter ⟨h⟩ represents /x/ only in loanwords; in native words, it is always silent.

[9] /ʃ/ is used only in loanwords and certain proper nouns. It is nonexistent in many dialects, being realized as [[[
en:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]]] or [[[

en:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]]]; e.g. show [tʃou]~[sou].

[Semivowel-10] The semivowels [[[
en:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]] and [[[

en:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]] can be combined with vowels to form rising diphthongs (e.g. cielo, cuadro). Falling diphthongs (e.g. aire, rey, auto) are transcribed with Şablon:IPAslink and Şablon:IPAslink.

[11] Some speakers may pronounce word-initial [w] with an epenthetic [ɡ]; e.g. Huila [ˈɡwila]~[ˈwila].

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

Nîşe

Çavkanî

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.