LeetCode Python, Java, C++  >  栈和队列  >  232. 用栈实现队列  >  已支持 Python, JavaScript, Java, C++, C#, Go, Ruby  >  GitHub转发

力扣链接:232. 用栈实现队列,难度等级:简单

请你仅使用两个栈实现先入先出队列。队列应当支持一般队列支持的所有操作(pushpoppeekempty):

实现 MyQueue 类:

  • void push(int x) 将元素 x 推到队列的末尾
  • int pop() 从队列的开头移除并返回元素
  • int peek() 返回队列开头的元素
  • boolean empty() 如果队列为空,返回 true ;否则,返回 false

说明:

只能 使用标准的栈操作 —— 也就是只有 push to top, peek/pop from top, size, 和 is empty 操作是合法的。
你所使用的语言也许不支持栈。你可以使用 list 或者 deque(双端队列)来模拟一个栈,只要是标准的栈操作即可。

示例 1:

输入: ["MyQueue", "push", "push", "peek", "pop", "empty"] [[], [1], [2], [], [], []]

输出: [null, null, null, 1, 1, false]

解释:

MyQueue myQueue = new MyQueue();
myQueue.push(1); // queue is: [1]
myQueue.push(2); // queue is: 1, 2
myQueue.peek(); // return 1
myQueue.pop(); // return 1, queue is [2]
myQueue.empty(); // return false

约束:

  • 1 <= x <= 9
  • 最多调用 100pushpoppeekempty
  • 假设所有操作都是有效的 (例如,一个空的队列不会调用 pop 或者 peek 操作)

进阶: 你能否实现每个操作均摊时间复杂度为 O(1) 的队列?换句话说,执行 n 个操作的总时间复杂度为 O(n) ,即使其中一个操作可能花费较长时间。

思路

  • 用两个栈实现一个队列,直觉的想法是一个栈stack_in专门用于push,另一个栈stack_out专门用于pop

  • push可以很容易,直接push就好了,这样pop就没有那么容易了。如何做呢?

    点击查看答案

    栈是后进先出,队列是先进先出,二者是相反的,所以直接从stack_inpop是不行的,得把stack_in中的元素反向加到stack_out中,再pop

复杂度

时间复杂度

push O(1), pop O(1), peek O(1), empty O(1)

空间复杂度

O(n)

解释

poppeek 看起来是 O(n),实际是O(1)。因为如果一次dump_into_stack_out操作了m个数,之后的m次,每次pop都是O(1)

Python #

class MyQueue:
    def __init__(self):
        self.stack_in = []
        self.stack_out = []

    def push(self, x: int) -> None:
        self.stack_in.append(x)

    def pop(self) -> int:
        self.dump_into_stack_out_if_it_is_empty()
        return self.stack_out.pop()

    def peek(self) -> int:
        self.dump_into_stack_out_if_it_is_empty()
        return self.stack_out[-1]

    def empty(self) -> bool:
        return not self.stack_out and not self.stack_in

    def dump_into_stack_out_if_it_is_empty(self) -> int:
        if not self.stack_out:
            while self.stack_in:
                self.stack_out.append(self.stack_in.pop())

JavaScript #

var MyQueue = function () {
  this.stackIn = []
  this.stackOut = []
};

MyQueue.prototype.push = function (x) {
  this.stackIn.push(x)
};

MyQueue.prototype.pop = function () {
  this.dumpIntoStackOutWhenItIsEmpty()
  return this.stackOut.pop()
};

MyQueue.prototype.peek = function () {
  this.dumpIntoStackOutWhenItIsEmpty()
  return this.stackOut.at(-1)
};

MyQueue.prototype.empty = function () {
  return this.stackOut.length === 0 && this.stackIn.length === 0
};

MyQueue.prototype.dumpIntoStackOutWhenItIsEmpty = function () {
  if (this.stackOut.length === 0) {
    while (this.stackIn.length > 0) {
      this.stackOut.push(this.stackIn.pop())
    }
  }
}

Java #

import java.util.Stack;

class MyQueue {
    private Stack<Integer> stackIn;
    private Stack<Integer> stackOut;

    public MyQueue() {
        stackIn = new Stack<>();
        stackOut = new Stack<>();
    }

    public void push(int x) {
        stackIn.push(x);
    }

    public int pop() {
        dumpIntoStackOutWhenItIsEmpty();
        return stackOut.pop();
    }

    public int peek() {
        dumpIntoStackOutWhenItIsEmpty();
        return stackOut.peek();
    }

    public boolean empty() {
        return stackIn.empty() && stackOut.empty();
    }

    private void dumpIntoStackOutWhenItIsEmpty() {
        if (stackOut.empty()) {
            while (!stackIn.empty()) {
                stackOut.push(stackIn.pop());
            }
        }
    }
}

C++ #

class MyQueue {
private:
    stack<int> stack_in_;
    stack<int> stack_out_;

    void dumpIntoStackOutWhenItIsEmpty() {
        if (stack_out_.empty()) {
            while (!stack_in_.empty()) {
                stack_out_.push(stack_in_.top());
                stack_in_.pop();
            }
        }
    }

public:
    MyQueue() {}

    void push(int x) {
        stack_in_.push(x);
    }

    int pop() {
        dumpIntoStackOutWhenItIsEmpty();
        int value = stack_out_.top();
        stack_out_.pop();
        return value;
    }

    int peek() {
        dumpIntoStackOutWhenItIsEmpty();
        return stack_out_.top();
    }

    bool empty() {
        return stack_in_.empty() && stack_out_.empty();
    }
};

C# #

using System.Collections.Generic;

public class MyQueue
{
    private Stack<int> stackIn;
    private Stack<int> stackOut;

    public MyQueue()
    {
        stackIn = new Stack<int>();
        stackOut = new Stack<int>();
    }

    public void Push(int x)
    {
        stackIn.Push(x);
    }

    public int Pop()
    {
        DumpIntoStackOutWhenItIsEmpty();
        return stackOut.Pop();
    }

    public int Peek()
    {
        DumpIntoStackOutWhenItIsEmpty();
        return stackOut.Peek();
    }

    public bool Empty()
    {
        return stackIn.Count == 0 && stackOut.Count == 0;
    }

    private void DumpIntoStackOutWhenItIsEmpty()
    {
        if (stackOut.Count == 0)
        {
            while (stackIn.Count > 0)
            {
                stackOut.Push(stackIn.Pop());
            }
        }
    }
}

Go #

type MyQueue struct {
  stackIn  []int
  stackOut []int
}

func Constructor() MyQueue {
  return MyQueue{
    stackIn:  make([]int, 0),
    stackOut: make([]int, 0),
  }
}

func (this *MyQueue) Push(x int) {
  this.stackIn = append(this.stackIn, x)
}

func (this *MyQueue) Pop() int {
  this.dumpIntoStackOutWhenItIsEmpty()
  top := this.stackOut[len(this.stackOut) - 1]
  this.stackOut = this.stackOut[:len(this.stackOut) - 1]
  return top
}

func (this *MyQueue) Peek() int {
  this.dumpIntoStackOutWhenItIsEmpty()
  return this.stackOut[len(this.stackOut) - 1]
}

func (this *MyQueue) Empty() bool {
  return len(this.stackIn) == 0 && len(this.stackOut) == 0
}

func (this *MyQueue) dumpIntoStackOutWhenItIsEmpty() {
  if len(this.stackOut) == 0 {
    for len(this.stackIn) > 0 {
      top := this.stackIn[len(this.stackIn) - 1]
      this.stackIn = this.stackIn[:len(this.stackIn) - 1]
      this.stackOut = append(this.stackOut, top)
    }
  }
}

Ruby #

class MyQueue
  def initialize
    @stack_in = []
    @stack_out = []
  end

  def push(x)
    @stack_in.push(x)
  end

  def pop
    dump_into_stack_out_when_it_is_empty
    @stack_out.pop
  end

  def peek
    dump_into_stack_out_when_it_is_empty
    @stack_out.last
  end

  def empty
    @stack_in.empty? && @stack_out.empty?
  end

  private

  def dump_into_stack_out_when_it_is_empty
    if @stack_out.empty?
      while !@stack_in.empty?
        @stack_out.push(@stack_in.pop)
      end
    end
  end
end

其它语言

欢迎贡献代码到 LeetCode.to GitHub -> 232. 用栈实现队列。感谢!
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