Gerakan kedaulatan Hawaii
| Sebahagian siri |
| Gerakan kedaulatan Hawaii |
|---|
 |
| Masalah utama |
| Kerajaan |
| Konflik sejarah |
| Peristiwa moden |
| Parti dan pertubuhan |
| Dokumen dan gagasan |
| Buku |
Gerakan kedaulatan Hawaii (Hawaii: ke ea Hawaiʻi, bahasa Inggeris: Hawaiian sovereignty movement) ialah penggiatan politik dan budaya secara akar umbi bertujuan mendapat kedaulatan, penentuan nasib sendiri dan pemerintahan sendiri bagi orang Hawaii baik yang peribumi mahupun separa penuh melalui suatu pembentukan negara atau kerajaan yang berautonomi atau merdeka.[1][2] Beberapa kumpulan juga menyokong suatu tebus rugi daripada pihak Amerika Syarikat atas penggulingan pemerintahan Ratu Liliʻuokalani tahun 1893 serta tindakan pengilhakan dalam negara tersebut 1898 oleh pihak tentera A.S yang dianggap tidak sah.[3][4] Penggiatan ini turut merangkumi status Pulau Palmyra dan Kepulauan Stewart yang turut dilihat terilhak secara haram pada 1860-an.[5][6]
Penyokong kedaulatan mempunyai masalah ditentu menimpa masyarakat asli termasuk masalah tidak berumah, kemiskinan, keterpinggiran ekonomi, dan penghakisan tradisi asli kepada kekurangan pemerintahan asli dan penentuan nasib sendiri politik.[7][8] Mereka telah mengejar agenda mereka melalui inisiatif pendidikan dan tindakan perundangan. Berserta dengan bantahan di seluruh kepulauan, di kapitol sendiri serta tempat dan lokasi dianggap suci dalam budaya Hawaii, aktivis kedaulatan telah mencabar tentera dan undang-undang Amerika Syarikat.[9] Resolusi Permintaan Maaf diluluskan Kongres Amerika Syarikat pada tahun 1993 mengiktiraf bahawa penggulingan Kerajaan Hawaii pada tahun 1893 ialah tindakan yang tidak sah.[10]
Lihat juga
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Penentangan penggulingan Kerajaan Hawaii
- Kedudukan sah Hawaii
- Kedaulatan puak
- Parti Kemerdekaan Alaska
- Republik Texas (kumpulan)
- Republik Vermont Kedua
- Gerakan kemerdekaan Puerto Rico
- Sejarah Hawaii
Rujukan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Michael Kioni Dudley; Keoni Kealoha Agard (January 1993). A call for Hawaiian sovereignty. Nā Kāne O Ka Malo Press. m/s. 167. ISBN 978-1-878751-09-6.
- ^ "Kanahele group pushes plan for sovereign nation". hawaii-nation.org. Dicapai pada 2016-11-13.
- ^ "The Rape of Paradise: The Second Century Hawaiʻians Grope Toward Sovereignty As The U.S. President Apologizes", Perceptions Magazine, March/April 1996, p. 18–25
- ^ Grass, Michael (August 12, 2014). "As Feds Hold Hearings, Native Hawaiians Press Sovereignty Claims". Government Executive. Government Executive. Dicapai pada October 29, 2015.
- ^ "U.S. Purchase of Palmyra Hits Impasse". February 10, 2000. Dicapai pada 30 January 2018.
- ^ Trask, Haunani-Kay. "The Struggle For Hawaiian Sovereignty – Introduction". Cultural Survival. Dicapai pada 30 January 2018.
- ^ "Historic election could return sovereignty to Native Hawaiians". Dicapai pada 2016-11-13.
- ^ Trask, Haunani-Kay (2010-04-02). "The Struggle For Hawaiian Sovereignty – Introduction". Cultural Survival. Dicapai pada 2016-11-13.
- ^ American Bar Association (June 1997). ABA Journal. American Bar Association. m/s. 75–76. ISSN 0747-0088.
- ^ "Public Law 103-150" (PDF). gpo.gov. November 23, 1993. Dicapai pada July 3, 2018.
Ralat petik: Tag <ref> dengan nama "Smith2007" yang ditentukan dalam <references> tidak digunakan dalam teks sebelumnya.
<ref> dengan nama "GoodyearKaopuaHussey2014" yang ditentukan dalam <references> tidak digunakan dalam teks sebelumnya.Bacaan lanjut
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Andrade Jr., Ernest (1996). Unconquerable Rebel: Robert W. Wilcox and Hawaiian Politics, 1880–1903. University Press of Colorado. ISBN 0-87081-417-6
- Budnick, Rich (1992). Stolen Kingdom: An American Conspiracy. Honolulu: Aloha Press. ISBN 0-944081-02-9
- Churchill, Ward. Venne, Sharon H. (2004). Islands in Captivity: The International Tribunal on the Rights of Indigenous Hawaiians. Hawaiian language editor Lilikala Kameʻeleihiwa. Boston: South End Press. ISBN 0-89608-738-7
- Coffman, Tom (2003). Nation Within: The Story of America's Annexation of the Nation of Hawaii. Epicenter. ISBN 1-892122-00-6
- Coffman, Tom (2003). The Island Edge of America: A Political History of Hawaiʻi. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-8248-2625-6 / ISBN 0-8248-2662-0
- Conklin, Kenneth R. Hawaiian Apartheid: Racial Separatism and Ethnic Nationalism in the Aloha State. Print-on-demand from E-Book Time. ISBN 1-59824-461-2
- Daws, Gavan (1968). Shoal of Time: A History of the Hawaiian Islands. Macmillan, New York, 1968. Paperback edition, University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 1974.
- Dougherty, Michael (2000). To Steal a Kingdom. Island Style Press. ISBN 0-9633484-0-X
- Dudley, Michael K., and Agard, Keoni Kealoha (1993 reprint). A Call for Hawaiian Sovereignty. Nā Kāne O Ka Malo Press. ISBN 1-878751-09-3
- J. Kēhaulani Kauanui. 2018. Paradoxes of Hawaiian Sovereignty: Land, Sex, and the Colonial Politics of State Nationalism. Duke University Press.
- Kameʻeleihiwa, Lilikala (1992). Native Land and Foreign Desires. Bishop Museum Press. ISBN 0-930897-59-5
- Liliʻuokalani (1991 reprint). Hawaii's Story by Hawaii's Queen. Mutual Publishing. ISBN 0-935180-85-0
- Osorio, Jonathan Kay Kamakawiwoʻole (2002). Dismembering Lahui: A History of the Hawaiian Nation to 1887. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-8248-2549-7
- Silva, Noenoe K. (2004). Aloha Betrayed: Native Hawaiian Resistance to American Colonialism. Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-3349-X
- Twigg-Smith, Thurston (2000). Hawaiian Sovereignty: Do the Facts Matter?. Goodale Publishing. ISBN 0-9662945-1-3
Pautan luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Native Hawaiians Study Commission (7 December 2006). "Native Hawaiians Study Commission Report – GrassrootWiki". Honolulu, HI: Grassroot Institute of Hawaii. Dicapai pada April 30, 2012.
- morganreport.org Online images and transcriptions of the entire Morgan Report
- historic Hawaiian-language newspapers Ulukau: Hawaiian Electronic Library: Hoʻolaupaʻi – Hawaiian Nupepa Collection
- Hui Aloha Aina Anti-Annexation Petitions, 1897–1898
Politik
[sunting | sunting sumber]- "Hawaiian Journal of Law and Politics". Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii at Manoa. ISSN 1550-6177. OCLC 55488821. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada February 12, 2012. Dicapai pada 2012-01-12.
- "Hawaiian Society of Law and Politics". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2012-08-19. Dicapai pada 2013-01-12.
- Sai, David Keanu (2011). "Perfect Title" (Flash). White Plains, NY: Vimeo. Dicapai pada 2013-01-12. from David Keanu Sai on Vimeo
- Office of Hawaiian Affairs
- Ka Lahui Diarkibkan 2006-10-05 di Wayback Machine
- Nation of Hawaiʻi
- Ka Pakaukau: Kekuni Blaisdell[pautan mati kekal]
Media
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Michael Tsai (August 9, 2009). "Pride in Hawaiian Culture Reawakened: Seeds of Sovereignty Movement Sown during 1960s–70s Renaissance". Honolulu Advertiser. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada July 8, 2011.
- Native Hawaiians battle in the courts and in Congress Diarkibkan 2006-02-19 di Wayback Machine Honolulu Advertiser chronology of legislative and legal events relating to Hawaiian sovereignty since 1996
- Political tsunami hits Hawaii, by Rubellite Kawena Kinney Johnson
- Blog of articles and documents on Hawaiian sovereignty
- Indigenous students silent no more Diarkibkan 2007-11-25 di Wayback Machine, article from Honolulu Star-Bulletin on Native Hawaiian student activism at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
- Sovereign Stories: 100 Years of Subjugation, article from Honolulu Weekly
- Resolution on Kānaka Maoli Self-Determination and Reinscription of Ka Pae ʻĀina (Hawaiʻi) on the U.N. list of Non-Self-Governing Territories, In Motion Magazine
- Connection between Hawaiian health and sovereignty Diarkibkan 2005-05-16 di Wayback Machine, paper by Dr. Kekuni Blaisdell presented August 24, 1991, at a panel on Puʻuhonua in Hawaiian Culture
- Nā Maka O Ka ʻĀina: award-winning documentary, film/video resources, and sovereignty-related A/V tools
- 2004 Presentation given by Umi Perkins at a Kamehameha Schools research conference
- Noho Hewa: Documentary by Anne Keala Kelly
Penentangan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Documents and essays opposing sovereignty collected or written by Kenneth R. Conklin, Ph.D.
- Grassroot Institute of Hawaii – co-founded by Richard O. Rowland and Hawaii Reporter publisher Malia Zimmerman
- Aloha for All – co-founded by H. William Burgess and Thurston Twigg-Smith
- A Race to Racism? Ascribe It to Tribe by Paul Sullivan in the Hawaii Reporter
| Topik | Geografi · Kerajaan · Perwakilan · Sejarah · Muzik · Bahasa · Tokoh · Tarikan Pelancong |
|---|---|
| Masyarakat | |
| Pulau Utama | |
| Kepulauan Barat Laut | French Frigate Shoals · Gardner · Kure · Laysan · Lisianski · Maro Reef · Necker · Nihoa · Pearl and Hermes |
| Komuniti | |
| Daerah | |
