Bhatti (caste)
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Bhatti[1][2] is a Punjabi[3][4][5] and a Sindhi[6][7][8] caste of Rajputs.[9][10][11] and Jats.[12] They along with Bhuttos and Bhatias claim to have originated from the Hindu Bhati Rajputs.[13] The Bhati/Bhatti Rajputs, are descended from a common ancestor, Rao Bhatti, a 3rd-century Hindu monarch.[14]
ਭੱਟੀ ਖਾਨਦਾਨ | |
|---|---|
 Shri Maharawal Jaswal | |
| Languages | |
| Natively spoke Bagri and every regional dialect of Punjabi language (mostly in Pakistan)
officially console language such as | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Rajput and Jat people |
The Muslim Bhattis had control over Bhatner and settlements around it. The Bhattis later lost Bhatner to the Rathores of Bikaner, who renamed Bhatner as Hanumangarh.[15] In the years preceding the Indian rebellion of 1857[page needed], the British East India Company assigned pioneering Jat peasants proprietary rights over forested lands frequented by the Rajputs (Bhattis), Gurjars, Banjaras, Passis, and other wandering pastoral groups in Delhi and western Haryana regions.[16]
History
[change | change source]
The Bhatis of Jaisalmer were members of the Yadava Rajput clan.[17][18] Their lineage is traced back to Mathura through an ancestor named Rao Bhati, who was a descendant of Pradyumn.[19][20] The 17th-century text ‘’Nainsi ri Khyat’’ records that the Bhatis migrated from Mathura to Bhatner in Lakhi Jungle, eventually spreading to other regions of western and northwestern India, including Punjab. Rao Bhati reportedly conquered lands from 14 princes in Punjab, including modern-day Lahore.[21][22] He is also recognized for founding the present-day city of Bathinda in the Lakhi Jungle region during the 3rd century.[19]
Rao Tannu-ji, the Bhati ruler of Tanot, strengthened Bhati influence in western Rajasthan and the eastern Cholistan desert during his reign, which lasted until 814 AD. He defeated the Varya Rajputs and Langas of Multan. Under his leadership, a coalition attack involving the Pathans, Langas, Khichis, Khokars (Ghakkars), and Johiyas was successfully repelled.[23]
By the 12th century, areas such as Rohri, Sukkur in present-day Sindh, Pakistan, and Pugal and Chohtan in Rajasthan were part of Bhati rule.[24] Jaisalmer emerged as a major center for the Bhati dynasty, which governed various fortified settlements such as Bhatner, Pugal, Bikrampur, Barsalpur, Deravar, Maroth, Kehror, Aasnikot, Tanot, Lodhruva, and Mamanvahan. The Bhati ruler Vijayrao Lanjo is remembered for ruling a vast domain that stretched from Ghazni to Gujarat, earning him the title of ‘uttara disi bhad kivaad’ (sentinel of the north).[18]
Epigraphic records describe Vijayrao Lanjo as holding the grand title ‘‘Parambhattaraka Maharajadhiraja Parameshwara’’ (the paramount sovereign, great king of kings, and supreme reality).[23] His successor, Bhojde, ascended the throne in 1143 but was later defeated by his uncle, Rawal Jaisal Singh, who aligned with Ghaznavid chiefs. Jaisal Singh subsequently became the Bhati leader.[25] The Phulkian dynasty claims descent from Rawal Jaisal Singh, the founder of the Kingdom of Jaisalmer.[26][27]
In 1398, Timur invaded India, encountering resistance from Rai Dul Chand of Bhatner, a Bhati ruler. Despite the coalition of Rajputs and Muslims, the Bhatner Fort fell, and the city was destroyed.[28][29]
Further claims link the Bhatis to the founding of Kapurthala, Ambala, and Batala in Punjab. ‘‘Rana Kapur’’ established Kapurthala in the 11th century,Punjabi University, Department of Punjab Historical Studies (1990). The Panjab Past and Present Volume 24. Department of Punjab Historical Studies, Punjabi University. while ‘‘Raja Amba’’ and ‘‘Rai Ram Deo’’ founded Ambala and Batala, respectively, in the 14th and 15th centuries.Batala Town Imperial Gazetteer of India – ‘‘vol.7 pg.133’’
The historian Alexander Cunningham identified ancient ruins in the Rawalpindi Cantonment as Gajipur, believed to have been a Bhati capital.[18]
References
[change | change source]- ↑ Assadi, Muzaffar (2023-11-24). Colonial and Post-Colonial Identity Politics in South Asia: Zaat/Caste Among Muslims. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-003-80246-4.
Additionally, they ecognized the castes that underwent conversion owing to political pressure, including Rangres, Bhatti, Gholam Mohamed, Pachada, and Bustee, a caste that may be traced back to Rajputs.
- ↑ Epilogue, Vol 4, Issue 5. Epilogue -Jammu Kashmir. p. 21.
Hindu Rajputs have been classified into various (sub castes) like Thakers, Manhas, Chauhan Thakyal, Chandial, Charrak, Kamlak, and Chib Muslim Rajputs have been further divided in to various sub castes such as, Jarral, Malik, Domal, Thakyal, Khokhar, Janjua, Salaria, Bhatti...
- ↑ Eaton, Richard Maxwell (2000). "The Political and Religious Authority of the Shrine of Baba Farid in Pak-pattan, Punjab". Essays on Islam and Indian history. New Delhi ; New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 345–346. ISBN 978-0-19-565114-0.
- ↑ Nazir, Pervaiz (1993). "Social Structure, Ideology and Language: Caste among Muslims". Economic and Political Weekly. 28 (52): 2897–2900. ISSN 0012-9976. JSTOR 4400597.
- ↑ Gandhi, Surjit Singh (2007). History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1469-1606 C.E. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 2. ISBN 978-81-269-0857-8.
In the valley of the upper Indus, that is in Ladakh and Little Tibet, the prevailing caste was the Bhatti sub-division of the great Tartar variety of the human race.
- ↑ Weekes, Richard V. (1984). Muslims Peoples: A World Ethnographic Survey; Second Edition, Revised and Expanded (Second ed.). Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. p. 685. ISBN 0-313-23392-6.
- ↑ "Sindh | History, Culture & Economy | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Encyclopedia Britannica. 29 May 2024.
Indigenous groups are the Mehs, or Muhannas, descendants of the ancient Mēds; Sammas and the related Lakhas, Lohānās, Nigamaras, Kahahs, and Channas; Sahtas, Bhattīs, and Thakurs of Rajput origin; Jats and Lorras..
[source?] - ↑ Abdulla, Ahmed (1973). The Historical Background of Pakistan and Its People. Tanzeem Publishers. p. 96.
Among others are the Bhattis, Lakha, Sahetas, Lohanas, Mohano, Dahars, Indhar, Chachar, Dhareja, Rathors, Dakhan, Langah etc. The Mohano tribe is spread over Makran, Sind and southern Punjab. They are also identified with the "Mallah' of the Punjab and both have in common a sub-section called Manjari. All these old Sindhi tribes are known under the common nomenclature of Sammat.
- ↑ Nagendra Kr Singh, Abdul Mabud Khan (2001). Encyclopaedia of the World Muslims: Tribes, Castes and Communities, Volume 1. Global Vision Publishing House. p. 996. ISBN 9788187746003.
Some of the gotra are Gill, Kalayana, Shergill, Randhawa, Karu, Kandyara, Bhatti, Sandhu, Nahar, Dhas, Dhab, Hans, Ghusar and Sahole.
- ↑ Eaton, Richard M. (2017). "Reconsidering 'Conversion to Islam' in Indian History". In Peacock, A. C. S. (ed.). Islamisation: Comparative Perspectives from History. Edinburgh University Press. p. 386. ISBN 978-1-4744-1712-9.
... such as the Bhattis, Hans and Dhudhis.
- ↑ Gommans, Jos (2017). The Indian Frontier : Horse and Warband in the Making of Empires. Milton: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-36356-3. OCLC 1051140387.
Like most mobile groups of the Arid Zone, the Bhattis were an open ethnic category consisting of all kinds of Jats, and various other groups.
- ↑ Dhavan, Purnima (2011-11-03). When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 175. ISBN 978-0-19-975655-1.
Bhatti. Muslim pastoral tribe descended from the Sidhu Brar Jats, found mainly in south and west Panjab
- ↑ Kothiyal, Tanuja (2016). Nomadic Narratives: A History of Mobility and Identity in the Great Indian. Cambridgr University Press. p. 70. ISBN 9781107080317.
the various Hindu Bhati Rajput Bhati sub-clans, like Saran, Moodna, Seora as well as Muslim groups like Bhatti, Bhutto...and the trading community of Bhatiya, all link their origins to the Bhatis
- ↑ Lethbridge, Sir Roper (1900). The Golden Book of India. A Genealogical and Biographical Dictionary of the Ruling Princes, Chiefs, Nobles, and Other Personages, Titled Or Decorated, of the Indian Empire. With an Appendix for Ceylon. London: S. Low, Marston & Company. p. 112.
- ↑ Hooja, Rima (2006). A History of Rajasthan. Rupa & Company. p. 385. ISBN 978-81-291-0890-6.
Bhatner (now known as Hanumangarh, in commemoration of a famous victory by a latter ruler of Bikaner....). Around this renowned Bhatner were the settlements of the chiefly muslim Bhattis
- ↑ Bayly, Christopher Alan (1990). Indian Society and the Making of the British Empire (Reprinted ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 143, 188–189. ISBN 978-0-521-38650-0.Template:Vn
- ↑ Habib & Nizami 1970, p. 838.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Kothiyal 2016, pp. 18, 55–60, 70.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Lethbridge 1900, p. 112.
- ↑ Bond & Wright 2006, p. 325.
- ↑ Yadav 1992, pp. 68–71.
- ↑ Bond & Wright 2006.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 Hooja 2006, p. 551.
- ↑ Kothiyal 2016, p. 72.
- ↑ Kothiyal 2016, p. 73.
- ↑ Bond & Wright 2006, pp. 232–242.
- ↑ Bhatnagar & Dube 2005, p. 254.
- ↑ Pletcher 2010, p. 131.
- ↑ Mahajan 2007, p. 826.
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