For C strings represented as a pair char *, int, it is to decide whether or not - the string presented as a raw byte string or as a Unicode string. Byte objects can be built using Py_BuildValue() as C

// Pointer to C string data
char *s; 

// Length of data 
int len; 

// Make a bytes object
PyObject *obj = Py_BuildValue("y#", s, len);

  To create a Unicode string and is it is known that s points to data encoded as UTF-8, the code given below can be used as - C

PyObject *obj = Py_BuildValue("s#", s, len);

  If s is encoded in some other known encoding, a string using PyUnicode_Decode() can be made as: C

PyObject *obj = PyUnicode_Decode(s, len, "encoding", "errors");

// Example
obj = PyUnicode_Decode(s, len, "latin-1", "strict");
obj = PyUnicode_Decode(s, len, "ascii", "ignore");

  If a wide string needs to be represented as wchar_t *, len pair. Then are few options as shown below - C

// Wide character string
wchar_t *w;

// Length
int len; 

// Option 1 - use Py_BuildValue()
PyObject *obj = Py_BuildValue("u#", w, len);

// Option 2 - use PyUnicode_FromWideChar()
PyObject *obj = PyUnicode_FromWideChar(w, len);

• The data from C must be explicitly decoded into a string according to some codec
• Common encodings include ASCII, Latin-1, and UTF-8.
• If you’re encoding is not known, then it is best off to encode the string as bytes instead.
• Python always copies the string data (being provided) when making an object.
• Also, for better reliability, strings should be created using both a pointer and a size rather than relying on NULL-terminated data.