numpy.expm1() in Python Last Updated : 29 Nov, 2018 Comments Improve Suggest changes Like Article Like Report numpy.expm1(array, out = None, where = True, casting = 'same_kind', order = 'K', dtype = None) : This mathematical function helps user to calculate exponential of all the elements subtracting 1 from all the input array elements. Parameters : array : [array_like]Input array or object whose elements, we need to test. out : [ndarray, optional]Output array with same dimensions as Input array, placed with result. **kwargs : allows you to pass keyword variable length of argument to a function. It is used when we want to handle named argument in a function. where : [array_like, optional]True value means to calculate the universal functions(ufunc) at that position, False value means to leave the value in the output alone. Return : An array with exponential(all elements of input array) - 1. Code 1 : Working Python # Python program explaining # expm1() function import numpy as np in_array = [1, 3, 5] print ("Input array : \n", in_array) exp_values = np.exp(in_array) print ("\nExponential value of array element : " "\n", exp_values) expm1_values = np.expm1(in_array) print ("\n(Exponential value of array element) - (1) " ": \n", expm1_values) Output : Input array : [1, 3, 5] Exponential value of array element : [ 2.71828183 20.08553692 148.4131591 ] (Exponential value of array element) - (1) : [ 1.71828183 19.08553692 147.4131591 ] Code 2 : Graphical representation Python # Python program showing # Graphical representation of # expm1() function import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt in_array = [1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2] out_array = np.expm1(in_array) print("out_array : ", out_array) y = [1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2] plt.plot(in_array, y, color = 'blue', marker = "*") # red for numpy.expm1() plt.plot(out_array, y, color = 'red', marker = "o") plt.title("numpy.expm1()") plt.xlabel("X") plt.ylabel("Y") plt.show() Output : out_array : [ 1.71828183 2.32011692 3.05519997 3.95303242 5.04964746 6.3890561 ] References : https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy-1.13.0/reference/generated/numpy.expm1.html#numpy.expm1 . Comment More infoAdvertise with us Next Article Must Do Coding Questions - Topic-wise M mohit gupta_omg :) Follow Improve Article Tags : Python Python-numpy Python numpy-Mathematical Function Practice Tags : python Similar Reads Interview PreparationInterview Preparation For Software DevelopersMust Coding Questions - Company-wise Must Do Coding Questions - Topic-wiseCompany-wise Practice ProblemsCompany PreparationCompetitive ProgrammingSoftware Design-PatternsCompany-wise Interview ExperienceExperienced - Interview ExperiencesInternship - Interview ExperiencesPractice @GeeksforgeeksProblem of the DayTopic-wise PracticeDifficulty Level - SchoolDifficulty Level - BasicDifficulty Level - EasyDifficulty Level - MediumDifficulty Level - HardLeaderboard !!Explore More...Data StructuresArraysLinked ListStackQueueBinary TreeBinary Search TreeHeapHashingGraphAdvance Data StructuresMatrixStringAll Data StructuresAlgorithmsAnalysis of AlgorithmsSearching AlgorithmsSorting AlgorithmsPattern SearchingGeometric AlgorithmsMathematical AlgorithmsRandomized AlgorithmsGreedy AlgorithmsDynamic ProgrammingDivide & ConquerBacktrackingBranch & BoundAll AlgorithmsProgramming LanguagesCC++JavaPythonC#Go LangSQLPHPScalaPerlKotlinWeb TechnologiesHTMLCSSJavaScriptBootstrapTailwind CSSAngularJSReactJSjQueryNodeJSPHPWeb DesignWeb BrowserFile FormatsComputer Science SubjectsOperating SystemsDBMSComputer NetworkComputer Organization & ArchitectureTOCCompiler DesignDigital Elec. & Logic DesignSoftware EngineeringEngineering MathematicsData Science & MLComplete Data Science CourseData Science TutorialMachine Learning TutorialDeep Learning TutorialNLP TutorialMachine Learning ProjectsData Analysis TutorialTutorial LibraryPython TutorialDjango TutorialPandas TutorialKivy TutorialTkinter TutorialOpenCV TutorialSelenium TutorialGATE CSGATE CS NotesGate CornerPrevious Year GATE PapersLast Minute Notes (LMNs)Important Topic For GATE CSGATE CoursePrevious Year Paper: CS exams Like