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Systems neuroimmunology: current bottlenecks, research priorities and future directions

Nature Immunology volume 26, pages 325–329 (2025)Cite this article

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Strategies to advance the field of neuroimmunology by embracing its complexity via inclusion of its multidisciplinary properties were discussed at a meeting in Cold Spring Harbor. Attendees proposed fostering of open communications and funding of collaborations across disciplines, and the recognition that our understanding of the neuroimmune system requires interdisciplinary science.

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Fig. 1: Bottlenecks and research priorities for neuroimmunology.

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Acknowledgements

The Systems Neuroimmunology conference was generously funded by Andrea B. and Peter D. Klein. We are grateful to the Banbury Center of the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories for hosting us. We would like to acknowledge the following funding sources: NIH 1R01AI182126 (C.B.); The New Jersey Alliance for Clinical and Translational Science and New Jersey Commission on Brain Injury Research (L.M.B.); NIH R21DK130015, R35GM147094, the University of Texas System STARS program, and the Rita Allen Foundation Grant (M.D.B.); NIH R01 NS120895 and R21 NS130282 (B.P.D.); G5 (Institut Pasteur), ERC Starting grant (BrainGate), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-PRC), Ville de Paris EMERGENCE(S), Alzheimer’s Association (AARG-22-917964), and Fédération pour la Recherche sur le Cerveau (A.D.); NIH 1R01AI140326 and 1R01AI170844 (M.F.F.); NIH R01AT009365 and R21MH108154 (M.G.G.); NIH UH3NS127251, R01NS126252, RF1NS113840, and DoD W81XWH-19-1-0160 (P.M.G); NIH R35GM149284, R01GM101056, and R21AI169842 (J.E.I.); Altos Labs (S.R.); NSF IOS 1755348 (I.S.); NIH R01MH118329, R01NS106721, RF1AG068558, R01AG072489, ERC-951515 (A.S.); NIH R01AI151163, the Food Allergy Science Initiative, and the Massachusetts General Hospital Howard M. Goodman Fellowship (C.L.S.); NIH U01DA058527 and R01DA052859 (D.W.W.).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA

    Harini Iyer

  2. Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Christophe Benoist

  3. Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Staci D. Bilbo

  4. Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA

    Staci D. Bilbo

  5. Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA

    Lisa M. Boulanger

  6. Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA

    Lisa M. Boulanger

  7. Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA

    Michael D. Burton

  8. Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA

    Brian P. Daniels

  9. Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1224, Paris, France

    Aleksandra Deczkowska

  10. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Martin F. Flajnik

  11. Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA

    Mélanie G. Gareau

  12. Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Peter M. Grace

  13. Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA

    Javier E. Irazoqui

  14. Altos Labs Bay Area Institute of Science, Redwood City, CA, USA

    Susanna Rosi

  15. Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA

    Irene Salinas

  16. Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA

    Anne Schaefer

  17. Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany

    Anne Schaefer

  18. Center for Immunology & Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Caroline L. Sokol

  19. Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Dionna W. Williams

  20. Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

    Robyn S. Klein

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  1. Harini Iyer
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Robyn S. Klein.

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Competing interests

C.L.S. is a paid consultant for Bayer and Merck and receives sponsored research support from GSK. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.

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Iyer, H., Benoist, C., Bilbo, S.D. et al. Systems neuroimmunology: current bottlenecks, research priorities and future directions. Nat Immunol 26, 325–329 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-025-02092-z

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