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Histogram Equalization

The document discusses histogram equalization, which is a method to create an image with equally distributed brightness levels over the entire brightness range. It works by finding a monotonic pixel brightness transformation that results in a uniform probability density function of intensity levels in the image.

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Dewmal Handapangoda
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41 views2 pages

Histogram Equalization

The document discusses histogram equalization, which is a method to create an image with equally distributed brightness levels over the entire brightness range. It works by finding a monotonic pixel brightness transformation that results in a uniform probability density function of intensity levels in the image.

Uploaded by

Dewmal Handapangoda
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Histogram equalization The idea of histogram equalization is to create an image with equally distributed brightness levels (gray levels)

over the entire brightness range (dynamic range). This means, attempting to obtain a brightness distribution where all values are equally probable. (For an arbitrary image this can only be approximated.) Intensity levels of an image can be seen as random variables in the interval [0, L-1] where L is the number of possible intensity levels. The normalized histogram of an image is given by

p(rk ) nk / MN

Where k = 0, 1, 2,......., L-1 M, N = row and column dimensions of the image rk


=k th

intensity value

nk = number of pixels in the image with intensity value rk

P(rk) can be seen as the probability of occurrence of intensity level rk in an image. Therefore the histogram can be treated as a discrete probability density function (PDF). The idea of histogram equalization is to find a monotonic pixel brightness transformation T that gives a histogram that is uniform over the whole dynamic range. (a uniform PDF). The monotonic property is there in order to guarantee that output intensity values will never be less than the corresponding input intensity values.

Input histogram

Output histogram corresponds to a uniform PDF

The discrete transformation T is given as

S k T (rk ) ( L 1) pr (rj )
j 0

( L 1) k nj MN j 0

The input intensity level rk is mapped onto an output intensity sk by the transformation.

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