SAMPLE BASIC C PROGRAMS

ECS 30-A SPRING 2002

Sample Basic C Programs

Program #1: Fahrenheit and Celsius, Version 1
This prints a table with two columns, the left being Fahrenheit degrees, and the right the corrsponding Celsius temperatures. #include <stdio.h> /* * print a table for Fahrenheit to Celsius * from 0 F to 300 F */ void main(void) { int fahr; /* fahrenheit temperature */ int celsius ; /* celsius temperature */ register int lower = 0; /* begin table here */ register int upper = 300; /* end table here */ register int step = 20; /* increment */ /* * print out the lines for the table */ fahr = lower; while(fahr <= upper){ /* get corresponding temp in degrees C */ celsius = 5 * (fahr - 32) / 9; /* print it */ printf("%d\t%d\n", fahr, celsius); fahr += step; } /* * say goodbye */ exit(0); }

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SAMPLE BASIC C PROGRAMS

ECS 30-A SPRING 2002

Program #2: Fahrenheit and Celsius, Version 2

This does the same thing using different control structures and oating point arithmetic. #include <stdio.h> #define LOWER #define UPPER #define STEP 0 300 20 /* begin table here */ /* end table here */ /* increment */

/* * print a table for Fahrenheit to Celsius * from 0 F to 300 F * floating point version */ void main(void) { float fahr; /* fahrenheit temperature */ /* * print out the lines for the table */ for(fahr = LOWER; fahr <= UPPER; fahr += STEP) printf("%3.0f\t%6.1f\n", fahr, (5.0/9.0) * (fahr - 32)); /* * say goodbye */ exit(0); }

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SAMPLE BASIC C PROGRAMS

ECS 30-A SPRING 2002

Program #3: cat(1), Version 1

This short program copies the standard input to the standard output. #include <stdio.h> /* * copy input to output: short version */ void main(void) { int c; /* input character */ /* * copy the input to the output * one char at a time */ while ((c = getchar()) != EOF) putchar(c); /* * say goodbye */ exit(0); }

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Program #4: cat(1), Version 2

This does the same thing, but uses different control structures. Most C programmers would write this program the previous way. #include <stdio.h> /* * copy input to output: long version */ void main(void) { int c; /* input character */ /* * copy the input to the output * one char at a time */ do { /* read a char */ c = getchar(); /* write a char (unless it's */ /* the end of file marker) */ if (c != EOF) putchar(c); } while (c != EOF); /* * say goodbye */ exit(0); }

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ECS 30-A SPRING 2002

Program #5: A Version of wc(1)

This program counts the number of lines, words, and characters in its input, where a word is dened as any sequence of non-whitespace characters (blanks, tabs, and newlines). #include <stdio.h> #define IN_WORD #define NOTIN_WORD 1 0 /* currently inside a word */ /* currently not in a word */

/* * count the number of lines, words, and chars in the input * a word is a maximal sequence of nonspace characters, so * the quote "+++ --- hi bye 879+3" has 5 words ("+++", "---", * "hi", "bye", and "879+3") */ void main(void) { register int c; /* input char */ register int nl; /* line count */ register int nw; /* word count */ register int nc; /* char count */ register int state; /* in or not in a word? */ /* * initialize */ nl = nw = nc = 0; state = NOTIN_WORD; /* * handle input a char at a time */ while((c = getchar()) != EOF){ /* got another character */ nc++; /* is it a newline? */ if (c == '\n') nl++; /* is it a word separator? */ if (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\n') /* YES -- change state */ state = NOTIN_WORD; else if (state == NOTIN_WORD){ /* NO -- we're now in a word; update */ /* the counter and state if need be */ state = IN_WORD; nw++; } } /* * announce the results and quit */

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SAMPLE BASIC C PROGRAMS

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printf("%6d\t%6d\t%6d\n", nl, nw, nc); exit(0); }

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SAMPLE BASIC C PROGRAMS

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Program #6: Digit and Space Counter, Version 1

This is similar to the word counting program, but counts digits, whitespace, and everything else (grouped into the category other). Note the array. #include <stdio.h> /* * count the number of each digit, whitespace, * and all other chars */ void main(void) { register int c; /* input char */ register int nwhite = 0; /* whitespace count */ register int nother = 0; /* other count */ register int i; /* counter in a for loop */ int ndigit[10]; /* digit counts */ /* * initialize the ndigit array */ for(i = 0; i < 10; i++) ndigit[i] = 0; /* * handle input a char at a time */ while((c = getchar()) != EOF){ /* see what it is */ if (c >= '0' && c <= '9'){ /* it's a digit -- bump the right count */ ndigit[c - '0']++; } else if (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\n'){ /* it's whitespace */ nwhite++; } else{ /* it's neither a digit nor whitespace */ nother++; } } /* * announce the results and quit */ printf("digits: "); for(i = 0; i < 10; i++){ printf("'%c' %3d\t", i + '0', ndigit[i]); /* put 5 digits per line, for neat output */ if (i == 4) printf("\n "); }

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putchar('\n'); printf("whitespace: %d\nother: exit(0); }

%d\n", nwhite, nother);

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Program #7: Digit and Space Counter, Version 2

This is also a digit counter, but uses a switch statement rather than an if else if else statement. #include <stdio.h> /* * count the number of each digit, whitespace, * and all other chars */ void main(void) { register int c; /* input char */ register int nwhite = 0; /* whitespace count */ register int nother = 0; /* other count */ register int i; /* counter in a for loop */ int ndigit[10]; /* digit counts */ /* * initialize the ndigit array */ for(i = 0; i < 10; i++) ndigit[i] = 0; /* * handle input a char at a time */ while((c = getchar()) != EOF){ /* see what it is */ switch(c){ case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': /* digit */ case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9': ndigit[c - '0']++; break; case ' ': case '\t': case '\n': /* whitespace */ nwhite++; break; default: /* neither a digit nor whitespace */ nother++; break; } } /* * announce the results and quit */ printf("digits: "); for(i = 0; i < 10; i++){ printf("'%c' %3d\t", i + '0', ndigit[i]); /* put 5 digits per line, for neat output */ if (i == 4) printf("\n "); }

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putchar('\n'); printf("whitespace: %d\nother: exit(0); }

%d\n", nwhite, nother);

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Program #8a: Powers of 2 and 3

This program prints a table of 2 and -3 raised to the powers 0 to 9 inclusive. It illustrates the use of function calls. #include <stdio.h> /* * prototype (forward declaration) */ int power(int m, int n); /* * generate a table of powers of 2 */ void main(void) { register int i; /* counter in a for loop */ /* * generate the table */ for(i = 0; i < 10; ++i) printf("%3d %6d %6d\n", i, power(2, i), power(-3, i)); /* * bye! */ exit(0); }

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Program #8b: Simple Exponentiation Function

This is the function call, from the same program and (as I wrote it) in the same le. Interestingly enough, this program will still work if the two routines (main and pow) are in different les! /* * compute a power * * arguments: int base what you want to raise * int n non-negative integral power * to raise base to * * returns: base ^ n (base ** n to you FORTRANers!) * * exceptions: none handled; overflow may occur, but there * will be no indication of it */ int power(int base, int n) { register int i; /* counter in a for loop */ register int p; /* resulting power */ /* * do it the obvious, multiplicative, way */ for(i = 1, p = 1; i <= n; i++) p *= base; return(p); }

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