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Chapter 4 Calc Reveiw BC

This document provides a summary of key concepts in calculus chapter 4 including integration, Riemann sums, the fundamental theorems of calculus, and various integration techniques. It defines antiderivatives as the opposite of taking a derivative and representing area. It also summarizes Riemann sums as a method of approximating the area under a curve using rectangles, and the fundamental theorem of calculus which relates integrals and derivatives. Finally, it outlines several integration techniques like integration by substitution, change of variables, and integration of even and odd functions.

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238 views8 pages

Chapter 4 Calc Reveiw BC

This document provides a summary of key concepts in calculus chapter 4 including integration, Riemann sums, the fundamental theorems of calculus, and various integration techniques. It defines antiderivatives as the opposite of taking a derivative and representing area. It also summarizes Riemann sums as a method of approximating the area under a curve using rectangles, and the fundamental theorem of calculus which relates integrals and derivatives. Finally, it outlines several integration techniques like integration by substitution, change of variables, and integration of even and odd functions.

Uploaded by

api-268691984
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AP Calculus BC

Chapter 4 Review
By: Catherine McGrath
Integration, Riemann Sums, Mean Value Theorem,
Average Value Theorem and the First and Second
Fundamental Theorems of Calculus

Antiderivatives: the opposite of taking the derivative of a function; represents area.


1. Constant of Integration- when a function is integrated to find the general solution, the
constant, C, is to be added to the solution.
a. A general solution is an integral that is not solved within an interval.
b.ex.
2. Differential Equation- the derivative of a function and its variables.
a. A general solution for a differential equation also includes the + C at the
end of the equation.
3. Notation- ( )

( )

4. Basic Integration Rules[ ]

( )]

[ ( )

( )]

( )

( )

( )

( )

[ ( )

( )]

[ ( )]

[ ( )]

5. Definite Integrals- integrals that have a domain.


[EX 1].

| = (1) (0) = 1

6. Initial Condition and Initial Value Equation- when an equation has a starting point that
is given; there is no constant of integration.

7. Vertical Motiona. Velocity is the first derivative of position.


b. Acceleration is the second derivative of position, or the first derivative of
velocity.
c. Initial condition could be given to denote the starting point of a particle, the
particles starting speed, or starting acceleration.
8. Sigma Notation- notation for approximating area.
a. Summation Formulas

)(

9. Area of a Region in the Plane- f must be continuous and nonnegative on the interval
[a,b]. The area of the region bounded by the graph of f, the x-axis, and the vertical lines x
= a and x = b is:
Area =
Where

( )

= (b-a)/n

10. Theorem 44- if a function f is continuous on the closed interval [a, b], the f is
integrable on [a, b].
11. Theorem 4.5- if f is continuous on the closed interval [a, b], then the area of the
region bounded by the graph of f, the x-axis, and the vertical lines x = a and x = b is
given by:
Area =

( )

12. Riemann Sums- method of approximating area under a curve.


a. Left-Hand Sums: using the left corner y-value of each rectangle
[EX 2] ( )

1. Calculate
2.

=
[ ( )

( )

3. Left-Hand Area =

( )

)]

b. Right-Hand Sums: using the right corner y-value of each rectangle.

c. Midpoint Sums: use of the mid y-value of the rectangle.

13. Definite Integral Properties:

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

[ ( )

( )

( )]

( )

( )

( )

( )

14. Integrating on the TI-84- MATH, 9


15. The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

( )

( )

( )

16. Mean Value Theorem for Integrals- if f is continuous on the closed interval [a, b],
then there exists a number c in the closed interval [a, b] such that:

( )

( )(

17. Average Value Theorem for Integrals- if f is integrable on the closed interval [a, b],
then the average value of f on the interval is:

( )

18. The Second Fundamental Theorem of Calculus- if f is continuous on an open interval


I containing a, then, for every x in the interval:
[

( )

( )

19. Integration by Substitution- use of u and du to simplify an integration in order to


solve more easily.
[EX 3] (

) ( )

1. Find u and du

2. Rearrange the negative in du.

3. Rewrite in terms of u.
( )
4. Integrate in terms of u.

5. Back Substitute.
(

20. Change of Variables- using integration by substitution and solving for x in terms of u.
[EX 4]
1. Find u and du.

2. Use change of variables.

3. Write in terms of u.
(

4. Distribute.

5. Integrate in terms of u.

6. Find the LCD.

7. Factor.
[

7. Back substitute.
(

) [ (

8. Clean up.

) [

9. Answer.

) [

21. Integration of Even and Odd FunctionsLet f be integrable on the closed interval [-a, a].
a. if f is an even function, then

( )

b. if f is an odd function, then

( )

( )

22. The Trapezoidal Rule- using trapezoids to approximate area instead of rectangles for
a more accurate approximation.
[

[EX 5] ( )
1. Find

2. Set up equation.
[ ( )

( )

( )

( )

( )]

3. Solve.
[ ( )
[

( )

( )]

)] = 2.75

4. Statement.
By trapezoidal approximation, ( )

2.75.

23. Simpsons Rule- another way to approximate area; more accurate in approximation
due to more subdivisions and a formula that adjusts to the curve; can only be used when
n is even.
[ ( )

( )

( )

( )

( )]

)]

[EX 6]

[ ( )
[
[

(
( )

)
( )

( )

By Simpsons Rule,

Edwards, Bruce, Robert P. Hostetler, and Ron Larson. Calculus. Boston: Houghton
Mifflin Company, 2006. Print.

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