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Sensor Technology

CMOS sensors offer higher performance capabilities than CCD sensors and are commonly used in ultra-high speed videography, while CCD sensors are more affordable for consumer cameras. The main differences between CCD and CMOS sensors are that CCD sensors have lower manufacturing costs but higher power consumption and CMOS sensors have higher development costs but consume less power and operate at higher speeds. Most consumer cameras use an RGB Bayer array sensor that estimates color from adjacent pixels and cannot reproduce colors as accurately as Foveon sensors without moving to different positions but are less expensive to produce.

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Mudasir Mir
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2K views9 pages

Sensor Technology

CMOS sensors offer higher performance capabilities than CCD sensors and are commonly used in ultra-high speed videography, while CCD sensors are more affordable for consumer cameras. The main differences between CCD and CMOS sensors are that CCD sensors have lower manufacturing costs but higher power consumption and CMOS sensors have higher development costs but consume less power and operate at higher speeds. Most consumer cameras use an RGB Bayer array sensor that estimates color from adjacent pixels and cannot reproduce colors as accurately as Foveon sensors without moving to different positions but are less expensive to produce.

Uploaded by

Mudasir Mir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sensor Technology

Kevin Dickey

Traditional CCD and CMOS


sensors
CCD Charge Coupled Device
CMOS Complimentary Metal Oxide
Semiconductor

CMOS sensors offer higher performance capabilities, and


are commonly found in ultra-high frame rate videography
CCDs are more common in consumer camera applications
due to lower cost of development

CCD vs. CMOS


Main differences:
CCD

CMOS

Signal from Pixel

Electron packet

voltage

Relative R&D cost

Low

High

Cost to
Manufacture

Higher

Lower

Dynamic range

High

Moderate

Speed

Moderately fast

Very fast

Relative power
consumption

Moderate

Very low

Traditional Film and Foveon


Sensors

The Bayer Array Sensor

Extrapolates color data from adjacent pixels


Cannot reproduce colors to extreme accuracy without moving a
camera to three positions
Less expensive to produce than Foveon sensors

Workings of an RGB CCD


sensor

(and microlenses)

So, how do they produce


images?
Photons strike the sensor, and are
converted into electrical charges
Charges of pixels are read
CCDs transport the charge across the
chip to be read at one corner of the array
CMOS sensors can read charge at each
individual pixel.

Analog-to-digital conversion of
voltages to digital values

Most consumer cameras utilize 8-bit


pixels
Bit depth refers to a sensors
sensitivity to greyscale depth.
8 bits per pixel, 3 channels (RGB); 28 =
256 discrete colors

What does it mean?


This information is sent to a postprocessing system, which continues to
process incoming data.
Post-processing uses numerous
algorithms to de-mosaic, reduce image
noise, and enhance edges.
Images are compressed and saved into
their respective format on a hard disk.

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