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Exercise Study Designs Epidemiology

This document provides an algorithm for classifying types of clinical research studies based on key design elements. The algorithm distinguishes between observational studies, where the investigator does not assign exposure, and experimental studies, where exposure is assigned. Observational studies are further broken down based on whether they include a comparison group and whether exposure and outcome are measured simultaneously. Experimental studies involve random allocation to exposure. Examples are provided to demonstrate how specific studies would be classified.

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496 views7 pages

Exercise Study Designs Epidemiology

This document provides an algorithm for classifying types of clinical research studies based on key design elements. The algorithm distinguishes between observational studies, where the investigator does not assign exposure, and experimental studies, where exposure is assigned. Observational studies are further broken down based on whether they include a comparison group and whether exposure and outcome are measured simultaneously. Experimental studies involve random allocation to exposure. Examples are provided to demonstrate how specific studies would be classified.

Uploaded by

siddhajoes
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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STUDY DESIGNS

Exercise

Algorithm for classification of types of clinical research*

*THE LANCET 2002;359:57- 61

Example - 1
Does the investigator assign
exposure?
No.

Observational study

Is there any comparison group?


No.
Descriptive study
Are exposure and outcome measured
simultaneously?
Yes.
Cross-sectional study
(Descriptive cross sectional design)

Example - 2
Does the investigator assign exposure?
No.

Observational study

Is there any comparison group?


Yes.
Analytical study
Are exposure and outcome measured
simultaneously?
No.
Not a cross-sectional study
Does the study move from exposure to
outcome?
Yes.
Cohort study

Example - 3
Does the investigator assign
exposure?
Yes.

Experimental study

Is the subject are randomly allocated


to the exposure?
Yes.
Trial

Randomized Controlled

Example - 4
Does the investigator assign
exposure?
No.

Observational study

Is there any comparison group?


No.
Descriptive study
There is only a single case (no
population) involved
There is no comparison
Case report

Example - 5
Does the investigator assign exposure?
No.

Observational study

Is there any comparison group?


Yes.
Analytical study
Are exposure and outcome measured
simultaneously?
No.
Not a cross-sectional study
Does the study move from exposure to outcome?
No.
Not a Cohort study
Does the study move from outcome to exposure?
Yes.
Case-control study

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