EUROCODES

Building the Future in the Euro-Mediterranean Area

Building the Future

Workshop EUROCODES: Building the Future in

the Euro-Mediterranean Area

The EN Eurocodes and the role of

CEN/TC 250
Varese, November 27-29 , 2006
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Horst J. Bossenmayer
Chairman CEN/TC 250
Workshop - 27-29 November 2006, Varese, Italy

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Building the Future

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Workshop - 27-29 November 2006, Varese, Italy

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Building the Future in the Euro-Mediterranean Area

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Eurocodes European Codes

for Actions and Design of
Works
Unified international codes of
practice for the design
Framework
for product specifications
Improvement of
competitiveness of industry

Workshop - 27-29 November 2006, Varese, Italy

EUROCODES
Consistency and
Transparency
between design
and products

T
h
e

Building the Future in the Euro-Mediterranean Area

Building the Future

E
u
r
o
c
o

EUROCODES

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e
s
EUROCODES

EUROCODES

Building the Future in the Euro-Mediterranean Area

Building the Future

Common basis
For research and
development b
For preparation
e of
common design
n
aids and software
e
For specifying
works contracts
f
and services

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Building the Future in the Euro-Mediterranean Area

EUROCODES
Common
understanding
between:
- owners,

operators,
users,
designers,
contractors,
construction
product
- manufacturers

T
h
e

Building the Future

E
u
r
o
c
o
d
e

EUROCODES

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Workshop - 27-29 November 2006, Varese, Italy

EUROCODES

Building the Future in the Euro-Mediterranean Area

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Eurocodes Harmonization in the sense of the CPD

Construction Products Directive (CPD)
Essential Requirements (ER) for Buildings
Mechanical Resistance+Stability (ER1) Resistance to Fire (ER2)
Mandates of the European
Commission to CEN and EOTA

Mandates of the European

Commission to CEN

Harmonized Technical
Specifications for Construction
Products (Compulsory)

Common Unified Design

Codes for Construction
Works (Voluntary)

- Product Standards (hEN)

- European Technical Approvals
(ETA)

Eurocodes
EN 199X-y-z

Workshop - 27-29 November 2006, Varese, Italy

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Eurocodes Programme (1)

CEN/TC 250 Structural Eurocodes
z

was charged with the conversion of the ENVEurocodes into EN-Eurocodes

Subcommittees (SC), supported by Project

Teams (PT), have elaborated 10 ENEurocodes having 58 parts and common
unified contents lists

EN-Eurocodes cover basis of design, loading,

design rules for different materials,
geotechnical design and seismic design
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Workshop - 27-29 November 2006, Varese, Italy

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Building the Future in the Euro-Mediterranean Area

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Eurocodes Programme (2)

EN 1990 EN 1991 EN 1992 EN 1993 EN 1994 EN 1995 EN 1996 EN 1997 EN 1998 EN 1999 -

Basis of structural design

Actions on structures
Design of concrete structures
Design of steel structures
Design of composite steel and
concrete structures
Design of timber structures
Design of masonry structures
Geotechnical design
Design provisions for earthquake
resistance of structures
Design of aluminium structures
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Workshop - 27-29 November 2006, Varese, Italy

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Structure of Eurocodes
Example EC 3

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Building the Future in the Euro-Mediterranean Area

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List of Eurocodes
58 Eurocode parts + Annex A.2 to EN 1990 published
beginning of 2007

EN 1990
EN 1990

Basis of structural design

Basis of structural design - Annex A.2 Bridges

EN 1991-1-1

EN 1991-1-2
EN 1991-1-3
EN 1991-1-4
EN 1991-1-5
EN 1991-1-6
EN 1991-1-7
EN 1991-2
EN 1991-3
EN 1991-4

Actions on structures Self weight & imposed

loads
Actions on structures Fire
Actions on structures Snow loads
Actions on structures Wind actions
Actions on structures Thermal Actions
Actions on structures Execution
Accidental actions
Actions on structures Traffic loads on bridges
Actions Cranes and machinery
Actions on structures Silos and tanks
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Workshop - 27-29 November 2006, Varese, Italy

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List of Eurocodes

EN 1992-1-1
EN 1992-1-2
EN 1992-2
EN 1992-3

Design of concrete structures General requirements

Design of concrete structures Fire design
Design of concrete structures - Bridges
Concrete Liquid retaining

EN 1993-1-1 Design of Steel structures General requirements

EN 1993-1-2 Design of Steel structures Fire design
EN 1993-1-3 Steel Cold thin gauge members
EN 1993-1-4 Steel Structures in stainless
EN 1993-1-5 Steel -- Strength planar plated
EN 1993-1-6 Steel Shell structures
EN 1993-1-7 Steel Out of plane
EN 1993-1-8 Design of Steel structures - Design of joints
EN 1993-1-9 Design of Steel structures- Fatigue strength
EN 1993-1-10 Design of Steel structures Mat. toughness
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List of Eurocodes

EN 1993-1-11 Steel Tension components

EN 1993-1-12 Steel HSS

EN 1993-2
EN 1993-3-1
EN 1993-3-2
EN 1993-4-1
EN 1993-4-2
EN 1993-4-3
EN 1993-5
EN 1993-6

EN 1994-1-1 Design of composite structures General req.

EN 1994-1-2 Design of composite structures Fire design
EN 1994-2
Design of composite structures Bridges

Steel -- Bridges
Steel Towers and masts
Steel -- Chimneys
Steel Silos
Steel Tanks
Steel Pipelines
Steel Piling
Steel Crane supporting structures

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EUROCODES

Building the Future in the Euro-Mediterranean Area

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List of Eurocodes

EN 1995-1-1 Design of timber structures General requirements

EN 1995-1-2 Design of timber structures Fire design
EN 1995-2
Design of timber structures Bridges

EN 1996-1-1 Design of masonry structures General

requirements
EN 1996-1-2 Design of masonry structures Fire design

EN 1996-2
EN 1996-3

Design of masonry structures Selection & execution

Design of masonry structures Simplified calculation

EN 1997-1
EN 1997-2

Geotechnical design General requirements

Geotechnical ground investigation

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List of Eurocodes

EN 1998-1
EN 1998-2
EN 1998-3

EN 1998-4
EN 1998-5
EN 1998-6

Design for earthquake resistance Gen. req.

Design for earthquake resistance Bridges
Design for earthquake resistance Assess. and
retrofitting
Earthquake Silos, tanks & pipelines
Design for earthquake resistance Foundations
Design for earthquake resistance Towers masts

EN 1999-1-1
EN 1999-1-2
EN 1999-1-3
EN 1999-1-4
EN 1999-1-5

Aluminium Common rules

Aluminium Fire design
Aluminium Fatigue
Aluminium Trapezoidal sheeting
Aluminium Shell structures
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Contents lists of Eurocodes (1)

Foreword

Background of Eurocode programme

Eurocode programme
Status and field of Application of Eurocodes
National Standards implementing Eurocodes
Links between Eurocodes and harmonized technical specifications
Additional information specific to EN 199x
National Annex for EN 199x

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Contents lists of Eurocodes (2)

1 General

Scope
Normative references
Assumptions
Distinction between Principles and Application Rules
Definitions
Symbols

2 Basis of design

Requirements
Principles of limit state design
Basic variables
Verification by the partial factor method
Design assisted by testing
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Contents lists of Eurocodes (3)

3 Materials

General
((Specific properties))

4 Durability
5 Structural analysis

Modelling
Imperfections
Methods

6 Ultimate limit states

7 Serviceability limit states
8 Detailing
Annexesnormative/informative
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Eurocodes

EN 1990 Basis of Design

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EN 1990 Scope
O

EN 1990 Basis of Structural Design

Basis and general principles for non-materialrelated aspects of design and verification of
structures including geotechnical aspects, fire
design, earthquake design, execution and
temporary structures

Principles and requirements for safety, serviceability

and durability of structures

Unusual forms of construction or design

conditions are not specifically covered
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Eurocodes Requirements (1)

O

Structures shall have adequate

structural resistance

serviceability

durability

robustness

Structures must not be damaged by

explosion

impact
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Eurocodes Requirements (2)

O

Reliability required for structures shall

be achieved by

appropriate design

appropriate execution and quality

management measures

Different levels of reliability may be

adopted
Working life should be specified in design
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Eurocodes Limit State Design 1

Design based on structural and load

models for relevant limit state
Limit states must not be exceeded
when relevant design values for actions
material properties and geometrical
data are used (partial factors included)
Verifications for all relevant design
situations and load cases
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Eurocodes Principles of Limit State

Design (2)
O

Distinction shall be made between

Ultimate Limit States (ULS),

Serviceability Limit States (SLS)

Limit states shall be related to design

situation (persistent, transient, accidental...)

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Eurocodes Principles of Limit State

Design (3)
O

Ultimate limit states concern:

Safety of people and/or

Safety of the structure

Verification of the following ULS:

Loss of equilibrium

Failure by excessive deformation

Failure by fatigue or comparable effects

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EUROCODES

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Eurocodes Principles of Limit State

Design (4)
O

Serviceability limit states concern:

Functioning under normal use

Comfort of people

Appearance

Verification for:

Deformation

Vibration

Other provisions
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Example Ultimate Limit State Design

Limit State of Rupture:
Verification
Ed < Rd
where Ed is the design value of the effect
of actions (e.g. moment)
Rd is the design value for the
corresponding resistance.
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Design Values for the Effect of Actions

Specific load case:

Ed = Sd E { f ,i Frep ,i ; ad }

i>1

where:

Sd

is a partial factor taking account of uncertainties

- in modelling the effects of actions
- in some cases, in modelling the actions

is a partial factor for the action

Frep is the relevant representative value of the action

ad
is the design value of the geometrical data
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Design Values for the Effect of Actions

Combinations of actions:
Ed = Sd E { g , j Gk , j ; p P ; q ,1Qk ,1 ; q ,i 0 ,i Qk ,i }

j > 1; i > 1
Where:

Sd
g, P, q

is a partial factor taking account of uncertainties

- in modelling the effects of actions
- in some cases, in modelling the actions

are partial factors for actions (permanent, prestressing,

variable)

GK, P, QK are characteristic values of actions (permanent variable)

combination factor of variable actions

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EUROCODES

Design Resistance

Building the Future in the Euro-Mediterranean Area

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Rd =

Rd

X k ,i

R i
; ad
m,i

i>1

where:

Rd

is a partial factor covering uncertainty in the

resistance model, plus geometric deviations if
these are not modelled explicitely

m,i

is the partial factor for the material property i

ad
Xk,i

is the design value of the geometrical data

is the mean value of the conversion factor

is the characteristic value of material property i

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Eurocodes

EN 1991 Actions on
Structures

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EN 1991 Actions on Structures

Assessment of actions (loads) to be used in the

structural design
Densities, self-weight, imposed loads, traffic
loads, snow, wind, fire, execution, accidental
actions, actions from cranes and machinery, in
silos and tanks

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Eurocodes

EN 1992 1999
Material Related Codes
Geotechnical Design
Earthquake Design

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Eurocodes Scopes
O

EN 1992 to EN 1996 and EN 1999

Parts 1-1: General rules for design of

works or products from the specific
material

Other parts: Supplementary rules for fire

design and supplementary or
complementary design for rules for
bridges and other structures or products
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EUROCODES

Building the Future in the Euro-Mediterranean Area

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Eurocodes
O

Scopes

EN 1997 Geotechnical Design

Part 1: General rules for geotechnical

aspects of the structural design of works,
assessment of geotechnical data, design
of foundations, piles, retaining structures

Part 2:Requirements for execution,

interpretation and use of laboratory and
field tests
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EUROCODES

Building the Future in the Euro-Mediterranean Area

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Eurocodes Scopes
O

EN 1998 Earthquake Resistance

Part 1: Complementary to EN 1991 - EN

1997 and EN 1999
Requirements and rules for the assessment of
seismic actions and for seismic design

Parts 2, 4, 5, 6: Complementary design rules

for bridges, silos, tanks and pipelines,
geotechnical design, towers, masts and
chimneys

Part 3: Guidelines for strengthening and

repair of existing structures
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Eurocodes

Implementation According to
Guidance Paper L

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Guidance Paper L
Liaison of TC 250 with Product TCs,
EOTA WGs and other Design-TC:
mechanical properties of all structural
products shall be determined on the same
basis
consistency of product standards and design
codes shall allow for safe structures
levels and classes of products shall
correspond with Nationally Determined
Parameters (NDPs) of codes.
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Harmonization in the sense of the CPD

Construction Products Directive (CPD)
Essential Requirements (ER) for Buildings

Mechanical Resistance+Stability (ER1) Resistance to Fire (ER2)

Mandates of the European
Commission to CEN and EOTA

Mandates of the European

Commission to CEN

Harmonized Technical
Specifications for Construction
Products (Compulsory)

Common Unified Design

Codes for Construction
Works (Voluntary)

- Product Standards (hEN)

- European Technical Approvals
(ETA)

Eurocodes
EN 199X-y-z

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Use of Eurocode 2
Reference code for
Design of
works
Concrete
structures
Composite
structures

Bases for
verification
EN 1992-xy, EN
1994-xy
National Annexes
to Eurocodes
(NDPs)

Design of products

Execution of
works and
products

Prefabricated concrete or
composite products
Concrete or composite
kits

Bases for CE- marking

Basis for
execution

Annexes ZA to product
EN 1992, EN 1994
standards, based on:
and product
EN 13369-General rules for standards
precast concrete products EN 13670-Execution
Products f.e. wall elements
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(EN 14992), precast stairs
Workshop - 27-29 November 2006, Varese, Italy
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Use of Eurocode 3
Reference Code for
Design of
works
Steel structures
Composite
structures

Bases for
verification
EN 1993-xy, EN
1994-xy
National
Annexes to
Eurocodes
(NDPs)

Design of products

Execution of
works and
products

Prefabricated steel or
composite products
Steel or composite kits

Bases for CE- marking

Annexes ZA to product
standard EN 1090-1

Basis for execution

Execution code EN
1090- 2

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Liaisons of TC 250 within CEN

TC 50
TC 124
TC 125
TC 129
TC 135
TC 167
TC 168
TC 177
TC 185
TC 226
TC 229
TC 340
ECISS
TC 10/19

Road lighting columns

Timber products
Masonry products
Glass products
Metallic products
Structural bearings
Ropes
Prefabricated aerated concrete
Threaded and unthreaded components
Road equipment
Precast concrete products
Anti-seismic devices
Reinforcing steel

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Liaisons of TC 250 with EOTA

Timber frame building kits

Prefabricated stair kits
Three dimensional nailing plates
Stress skin panels
Shuttering hollow blocks
Post-tensioning systems
Road joints
Light composite wood-based beams
Internal partition kits
Self supporting translucent roof kits
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Eurocodes

National Implementation of
Eurocodes

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National Implementation (1)

Nationally Determined Parameters
(NDP)

Member States remain competent to maintain for

works their specific levels of protection
concerning geographic, climatic and traditional
conditions and safety.

Eurocodes provide for National Choices full sets

of recommended values, classes, symbols and
alternative methods to be used as NDPs.

Eurocodes have passed the Examination Period

to check adequacy of NDPs to regulate works in
Member States.

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National Implementation (2)

National Annex to Eurocodes
The National Annex (NA) to each
part of the Eurocodes may allow for
National Choices as Nationally
Determined Parameters, if foreseen
in the relevant code.

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National Implementation (3)

Content of National Annexes:
O

Values and/or classes where alternatives are given in

the Eurocode
Values to be used where a symbol only is given in the
Eurocode
Country specific data (geographical, climatic, etc.),
e.g. snow map
Procedure to be used where alternative
procedures are given in the Eurocode

National Annexes may contain:

O
O

Decisions on the application of informative annexes

References to non-contradictory complementary
information

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Design Values of Actions

Functions for action

effects
Functions:
GK()
QK1()
QK2(s)
QKi(p)

s
p

Safety elements [National Decisions]

oi-values regional combination factor
G-values partial factor to permanent load
-values
reduction factor to G
P-values partial factor to prestress
Q-values partial factor to variable load

Regional input values [National Decisions]

regional density, geometry
regional wind speed, roughness etc.
regional snow fall
regional traffic

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Design Values of Resistance (1)

Single material property X

characteristic value

xK

design value

xd =

partial factor

xK
m

Product resistance R
comprising various material properties and model
uncertainties
characteristic value RK=R(xK, ad)

design value
partial factor

Rd=RK/M
M

Procedure for determining xK, m, xd

or RK, M, Rd: EN 1990
Annex D (test evaluation) in association with
Annex C (-value, R-value)

Material
related
codes
EN

1992
1993
1994
etc.

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Design Values of Resistance (2)

Functions for resistance
EN1992
1993
1994
etc.

RK(xK)

Safety elements
[National Decisions]
M-values
partial factors

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Eurocodes National
implementation
Wind zones

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Eurocodes National
implementation
Snow zones

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Eurocodes National
implementation
Earthquake zones

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Eurocodes Future

Ongoing: - Compulsory implementation of

harmonized product specifications (hEN, ETA)
- Voluntary implementation of Eurocodes in
the EU-Member States: NSB are incorporating
Eurocodes as national codes (BS EN 199x yz)
and drafting their National Annexes to EC
2006/2007: Member States will provide a dual
code system of their traditional design
codes and the Eurocodes until 2010
After 2010: Only Eurocodes will be used in the EU
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Eurocodes Future

Evolution of Eurocodes on the basis of the

Commission Recommendation of 11 December 2003
(2003/887/EC), which gives recommendations to the Member
States related to the implementation, use and development of the
Eurocodes.

Document CEN/TC 250 N 630 rev.4 is proposing future

procedures for
- Maintenance
- Harmonization (classification/reduction of NDPs)
- Promotion (inside/outside EU)
- Further development (corrections, removing gaps,
new methods, use of new products)
of the Eurocodes.
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EN 1997
6%

EN 1998
10%

EN 1999
6%

EN 1990
4%

EN 1990
EN 1991
26%

EN 1996
4%
EN 1995
3%
EN 1994
4%

EN 1991
EN 1992
EN 1993
EN 1994
EN 1995
EN 1996

EN 1993
21%

EN 1992
16%

EN 1997
EN 1998
EN 1999

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Building the Future in the Euro-Mediterranean Area

CEN/TC 250 Structural Eurocodes

Evolution of EN Eurocodes

Draft Action Plan

Preferenc
e

Support

1. Maintenance

CEN/TC
250 and
its SCs

JRC/
ELSA

2. Harmonization

Commission
JRC

Objectives

3. Promotion

4. Further
development

Commission
JRC
CEN/TC
250 and
its SCs

Activities
Information

CEN/
TC 250
CEN/
TC 250
JRC/
ELSA

Member
States
through
National
Authorities
and/or NSBs
Member
States
through
National
Authorities
and/or NSBs
Commission,
NSBs and
CEN/TC 250
and its SCs

Member
States
through
National
Authorities
and/or NSBs

Realization

CEN/TC 250
and its SCs

Commission
supported by
JRC/ELSA

Commission
supported by
JRC/ELSA

CEN/TC 250
and its SCs
with
European
Technical
Scientific
Organisation

Coordinatio
n
CEN/TC 250
and its
Coordination
Group (CG),
Product TCs,
TCs,
and EOTA
CEN/TC 250
and its SCs
and CG

CEN/TC 250
and its SCs
and CG

CEN/TC 250
and its SCs

Workshop - 27-29 November 2006, Varese, Italy

EUROCODES

Building the Future in the Euro-Mediterranean Area

Building the Future

62
Workshop - 27-29 November 2006, Varese, Italy

EUROCODES

Building the Future in the Euro-Mediterranean Area

Building the Future

CEN/TC 250 Structural Eurocodes

Evolution of EN Eurocodes

Example of Further Development

New Materials: Structural components made of glass

Workshop on EN Eurocodes 7 9 November 2005 Ispra

Workshop - 27-29 November 2006, Varese, Italy

EUROCODES

Building the Future in the Euro-Mediterranean Area

Building the Future

Eurocodes Building Codes for Europe

Eurocodes will
O
O

provide liaison with other structural CEN/TC

provide design rules to be referred to in hEN
or ETA
remove inconsistencies between Eurocodes
and hEN/ETA
serve as means to assess the declared
values given in CE-marking for structural
products
64
Workshop - 27-29 November 2006, Varese, Italy

EUROCODES

Building the Future in the Euro-Mediterranean Area

Building the Future

Eurocodes Building Codes for Europe

Eurocodes will provide:
O

O
O
O
O

Common design criteria and methods for works

and products
Common understanding in the building sector
Easier exchange of construction services
Easier marketing and use of structural products
Common basis for education, research and
development
Better competitiveness of construction sector
65
Workshop - 27-29 November 2006, Varese, Italy