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Mems Design

The document is a question paper for an examination on MEMS Design and Fabrication. It contains 6 questions to be answered in 3 hours. Students must answer any 5 questions. Question 1 covers MEMS principles, scaling laws, and plane angles. Question 2 discusses silicon substrates, sacrificial LIGA fabrication process, and etching parameters. Question 3 is about stresses on silicon, moments of inertia, spring constants, and parallel plate capacitors. Question 4 compares transverse and longitudinal comb drives, and covers temperature sensors. Question 5 provides a diagram of a piezoresistive membrane pressure sensor and asks students to analyze the Wheatstone bridge circuit.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
122 views9 pages

Mems Design

The document is a question paper for an examination on MEMS Design and Fabrication. It contains 6 questions to be answered in 3 hours. Students must answer any 5 questions. Question 1 covers MEMS principles, scaling laws, and plane angles. Question 2 discusses silicon substrates, sacrificial LIGA fabrication process, and etching parameters. Question 3 is about stresses on silicon, moments of inertia, spring constants, and parallel plate capacitors. Question 4 compares transverse and longitudinal comb drives, and covers temperature sensors. Question 5 provides a diagram of a piezoresistive membrane pressure sensor and asks students to analyze the Wheatstone bridge circuit.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Hanif
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

SULIT

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS


Peperiksaan Semester Pertama
Sidang Akademik 2013/2014

7 Januari 2014

EMT 463 ~MEMS Design and Fabrication


[Rekabentuk MEMS dan Fabrikasi]
Masa: 3jam

Please make sure that this question paper has NINE (9) printed pages, including this front
page before you start the examination.
[Sila pastikan kertas soalan ini mengandungi SEMBILAN f') muka surat yang bercetalc, termasuk muka
hadapan sebelum anda memulakan peperiksaan.]

This question paper has SIX (6) questions. Answer any FIVE (5) questions only.
{Kertas soalan ini mengandungi ENAM (6) soalan. Jawab numa-mana UMA (5) soalan sahaja.]

List of formulas is given in APPENDIX.


[Senarai bagi formula diberikan pada LAMPIRAN.]

SULIT

Dicetak oleh Unit Peperiksaan & Pengijazahan, Sahagian Pengurusan Alcademik, Jabatan Pendaftar.

SULIT

(EMT463)
2

Question 1
[Soalan I/

(a)

Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) is the integration of mechanical


elements, sensors, actuators, and electronics on a common substrate through
microfabrication technology.
{Sistem Mikro-Elektro-Mekanikal (MEMS) adalah integrasi elemen-eleme11 mekanikal, penderiu,
penggeralc, dan elektronik pad.a subs/rat biasa melalui teknologi fabrikasi mikro.]

(i)

Point out TWO (2) similarities between MEMS and integrated circuit (IC).
[Tunjukkan DUA (2) persamaan antara MEMS dan litar terkamil (IC).]

{2 Marks I Marleah)
{ii)

Differentiate between microsensor and microactuator.


[Beza/can antara penderia mikro dan penggerak mikro.j

(2 Marks I Markah)
(b)

Scaling laws make engineers aware the physical consequences of scaling down
machines and devices.
[Hu/cum penska/aan membuatkan jurutera-jurutera menyedari kesan-kesan fizikal daripada
pengecilan mesin-mesin dan peranti-peranti.]

(i)

Point out THREE (3) advantages of miniaturization in MEMS technology.


[Tunjukkan TIGA(3) kelebihan pengecilan dalam teknologi MEMS.]

(3 Marks/ Markah)
(ii)

Evaluate the relation of power density to the linear scale by using the
Trimmer force scaling factor. Given time, t= .J(2xm)/ F
[Nilaikan hubungan ketumpatan /cuasa dengan ska/a lelurus dengan menggunakan fa/cJor
penskalaan daya Trimmer. Diberi masa, I =

~(2xm) IF ]
{9 Marks I Markah)

(c)

Evaluate the angle between (110) and (111) plane.


{Nilaikan sudut di antara satah (110) dan (111).

(4 Marks I Marleah)

Dicetak oleh Unit Peperi/aoan & Pengijazahan, Bahagian Pengurusan Akademik, Jabatan Pendaftar.

(EMT463)

SULIT

3
Question 2
[Soalan2/

(a)

Single crystal silicon (Si) is the most widely used substrate material for MEMS
and microsystems. Recommend TWO (2) important characteristics of Si.
[Silikon (Si) hablur tunggal adalah bahan substrat yang paling banyak digunakan untuk MEMS
dan mikrosistem. Cadanglean DUA (2) ciri penting bagi Si.]
(2 Marks I Marleah)

(b)

Sacrificial LIGA is an integrated fabrication technology combining sacrificial


layer technique and LIGA (SLIGA) technologies has been developed for
generating movable microstructures. Using SLIGA technique, sketch the crosssection diagrams and summarize the fabrication process steps to form a
cantilever starting from Figure 2.1.
[LIGA korban merupalean teknologi fabrikasi bersepadu menggabunglean leknik lapisan korban
dan tekno/ogi LIGA (SL/GA) te/ah dihangunlean untuk menghasillean strul<Jur mikro bolehalih.
Menggunalean teknik SUGA, lakar gambarajah-gambarajah keratan-rentw dan ring/cask.an
langkah-langkah proses fabrikasi untuk membentuk suaht julur bermula daripada Rajah 2.1.J
( 12 Marks I Markah)

Metal
Silicon substrate

Figure 2.1
/Rajah 2.1/

(c)

Etching process is characterized by etch rate, etch selectivity and etch


uniformity. With the aid of formulas, explain and relate these three parameters.
[Proses punaran dicirikan oleh kadar punaran, pemilihan punaran dan lceseragaman punaran.
Dengan bantuanformula-formula, terang dan kaitkan ketiga-tiga parameter.]
(6 Marks I Marleah)

Dtcetak oleh Urr/t Peperiluaan & Perrgijar.ahan, Sahagian Pengurusan Akodemik, Jabatan Pendoftar.

SULIT

(EMT463)
4

Question 3
/Soalan3/

(a)

Based on Figure 3.1, a bar of silicon is under an applied normal stress.


[Berliasarlcan Rajah 3.1, satu barsilikon adalah di bawah kenaan tekanan normal.]

(i)

Identify the type of nonnal stress.


[Kena/pastilcanjenis tegasan normal.]

( 1 Mark I Markah)
(ii)

Sketch the elongation of the bar and cross-section of the bar under
longitudal stress along the x-axis.
[Lakarlcan pemanjangan bar dan keratan rentas bar di bawah tegasan membujur
sepanjang paksi-x.]
(2 Marks I Markah}

(iii)

Discuss the effects of stress on the axis of x, y and z.


{Bincangkan lcesan-kesan tegasan pada paksi x, y dan z.]

(2 Marks I Markah)

.._

---+

Force. F

Force, F

Length, L
Figure 3.1
[Rajah3.l/

(b)

Figure 3.2 shows a silicon cantilever beam with 200 m long, 10 m wide and 40
m thick. The Young's modulus of the cantilever is 150 GPa.
[Rajah 3.1 menunjulckan suatu rasuk julur silikon dengan 200 m panjang, 40 m lebar dan I 0
m tebal. Modulus Young bagijulur ini adalah 150 GPa]

(i)

Identify the type of spring connection of the beam and applied force on the
beam.
[Kenalpastikan jenis sambungan spring dan kenaan daya pada rasuk tersebut.]
( 1 Mark I Markah)

(ii)

Evaluate the moment of inertia.


[Kira/can momen inersia.]

(2 Marks I Markah)

S/-

Dicetak o/eh Unit Peperibaan & Pengijazahan, Sahagian Pengurwan Akademik, Jabotan Pendaftar.

SULIT

(EMT463)
5

(iii)

Evaluate the spring constant.


[Nilaikan pemalar spring.]

(4 Marks I Markah)

Figure 3.2
{Rajah3.2/

(c)

A parallel plate capacitor is the most fundamental configurations of electrostatic


sensors and actuators.
[Satu kapasitor plat selari adalah lwnfigurasi yang paling asas bagi penderia dan penggerak
elelarostaJik.)

(i)

With the aid of a parallel plate capacitor, analyze the forming of


electrostatic force between the plates.
[Dengan bantuan kapasitor plat selari, analisiskan pembentukan daya elektrostatik
antara plat-plat.]

(4 Marks I Markah)
(ii)

By referring Figure 3.3, discuss the pull in effect of parallel plate.


[Dengan merujuk Rajah 3.3, bincang/can kesan tarik masuk bagi plat selari.]

( 4 Marks I Markah)

fFI
Force

Family of curv~ responding


to incrcas of bias voltage

Spacing betwn two platc:s

Figure 3.3
{Rajah3.3/

Dicewk oleh Unit Pepertksaan & Pengijazahan, Sahagian Penguru:san Akademilc, Jabat(UI Pendqftar.

SULIT

(EMT 463)
6

Question 4
[Soalan 4/

(a)

Two types of comb-drive capacitor are transverse comb-drive and longitudal


comb- drive.
[Dua jenis pemuat pemacu-sesilcat adalah pemacu-sesilcat melintang dan pemacu-sesj/cat
membujur.]

(i)

Sketch and compare the principle operation for both comb-drive.


[Lakar dan banding/can prinsip operasi untuk kedua-dua pemacu-sesilcat.]

(6 Marks I Marleah)
(ii)

Recommend TWO (2) strategies for increasing the sensitivity of capacitor.


[Syorlcan DUA (2) strategi untuk meningkatkan kepekaan pada pemuat.]

(2 Marks I Mark.ah)
(b)

The measurement of temperature and heat can be achieved using different


principles such as thermal bimorph sensors, thermal couples and thermal resistive
sensors.
{Pengulcuran suhu dan haba boleh dicapai dengan menggunakan prinsip-prinsip yang herbeza
seperti penderia himorph haba, terganding haba dan penderia rintangan haha.]

(i)

With the aid of suitable diagrams, analyze the principle of thermal


bimorph.
[Dengan hantuan gambarajah-gambarajah yang sesuai, analisiskan prinsip bimorph
haba.j
(6 Marks I Mark.ah)

(ii)

Thermal couples must involve two dissimilar materials. Defend your


answer.
{Pasangan haba mesti melibatkan dua bahan yang berbeza. Pertahankan jawapan
anda.}
(1 Mark I Mark.ah)

(iii)

Point out TWO (2) functions of thermal couples.


[Tunjukkan DUA (2) fungsi terganding haba.]

(2 Marks I Mark.ah)
(c)

A thermal resistor is made of doped n-type silicon, with the nominal resistance,
Ro of 4 kO. Assume the TCR of the material is 150 ppmJC. Predict the resistance
of the device at temperature 60 c above the ambient.
[Satu perintang haba dibuat claripada silikan didopkanjenis-n, dengan rintangan namaan,

Ro adalah 4 kQ. Andaikan TCR bahan adalah 150 ppmlC. Ramalkan rintangan peranti pada suhu
60 C melebihi persekitaran.]

(3 Marks I Marleah)

Dicetalc oleh Unit Peperiksaan & Pengijazahan, Bahagian Penguruson Alrademik, Jabatan PendrJftar.

(EMT 463)

SULIT
7

Question 5
(Soalan 5}

A square membrane with four piezoresistors is shown in Figure S.1. Resistors R1 and R-1
are located at the mid points of two edges. Resistors R1 and R3 are located in the center
of the membrane. The size of the membrane, bis 150 m and the thickness, t = 4 m. A
pressure difference, p = I0 mN is applied across the membrane. The Young's Modulus
for the membrane, Eis 160 GPa and the gauge factor, G of the piezoresistors are 120 for
a Wheatstone bridge circuit. Assume that a= 0.0138,Pi= 0.3078 andP2= 0.1386.
[Sebuah membran segiempat sama dengan empat perintang-piezo ditunjulckan dalam Rajah 5.1. Perintang
R 1 dan R-1 terletak pada titik tengah dua sisi memhran. Perintang R1 dan R1 terletak di tengah membran.
Saiz membran, b ialah 150 m dan /cetebalanny, t = 4 m. Beza tekanan, p= JO mN di/cenakan merentasi
membran. Modulus Young bagi membran, E ialah 160 GPa danfaktor tolok, G bagi perintang'"/}iezo ialah
120 untuk.litar jejambat Wheatstone. Anggapkan hahawa a = 0.0138, /J1 = 0.3078 dan/J1 = 0.1386.]

(a)

Construct and label the Wheatstone bridge circuit that is extracted from Figure

5.1.
[Bina dan label/can sebuah litarjejambat Wheatstone yang diekstrak daripada Rajah 5.1.]
(2 Marks I Markah)

(b)

Evaluate the change in resistance for each of the resistor if R1=3 kCl and R1 = R3 =
R-1=4k0.
[Nilaikan perubahan rintangan bagi setiap perintangji/ca R1= 3 kn dan R1 = R3 = ~ = 4 kn.]

(12 Marks I Marleah)


(c)

Evaluate the change at the output voltage, L1 V0 if the input voltage,


[Nilai/can perubahan bagi voltan /celuaran, LI V0 sekiranya voltan masukan,

Vin= 5 V.

Vin = 5 V.]

(6 Marks I Marleah)

I
I
I

I
I

Ri : R3
I
I

Figure 5.1
[Rajah 5.1/

Dicetak oleh Unit Peperibaan & Pengijazahan, Sahagian Pengurusan Akademik, Jahatan Pendaftar.

SULIT

(EMT463)
8

Question 6
[Soalan 6/

(a)

Piezoelectric materials are crystals. Illustrate and label the piezoelectric crystal in
a rectangular system.

[Bahan piezoelektrik adalah hablur. llustrasi dan labelkan hablur piezoelektrik dalam satu sistem
segi empat tepat.]
(3 Marks I Markah)

(b)

Point out THREE (3) applications of piezoelectric thin film.


[Tunjukkan TIGA (3) aplikasi bagifilem nipis piezoelektrik.]

(3 Marks I Marleah)
(c)

Propose FOUR (4) critical factors/considerations frequently encountered in


MEMS packaging.
[Cadangkan EMPAT (4) faktor kritikal/pertimbangan yang kerap dihadapi dalam pembungkusan
MEMS.}
(4 Marks I Markah)

(d)

Recommend the suitable packaging solutions for pressure sensor in monitoring


blood pressure. Justify your answer with appropriate diagram by considering the
specifications of application, mechanism and cost.
[Syorkan penyelesaian-penyelesaian pembungkusan yang sesuai bagi penderia gas dalam
pemantauan tekanan darah. Justifi/rasikan jawapan anda beserta gambarajah yang sesuai dengan
mengambilkira spesi.fikasi bagi aplikasi, mekanisma dan kos.]
(IO Marks I Marleah)

-ooOoo-

Dicetak oleh Unit Peperiksaan & Pengijazahan, Sahagian Pengurusan Akademik, Jabatan Pendaftar.

(EMT 463)

SULIT
9

APPENDIX
ff..1.MPIRANJ

Fl 3
Max value d = 3EI
Fl 3
Max value d =- 12E/

Max value d

Wl3

=- l92EI

ftpb
CT
--~2_ _
center t2

M
R

Ge=-

Dicetak oleh Unit Peperiksaan & Pengijazahan, Bahagian Pengurusan Akademi/c, Jabatan Pendoftar.

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