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Working:: Pulse Width Modulation

This document discusses pulse width modulation (PWM) for controlling motor speed. PWM works by turning power to a motor on and off very quickly, with the average amount of on vs off time determining the effective voltage. For speed control, a PWM circuit uses a potentiometer to vary the duty cycle of pulses sent to a motor, changing its speed. Key advantages are reduced power consumption and heat loss. Applications include fine control of small DC motors, where PWM allows rotation at low speeds without stalling. In conclusion, PWM increases system efficiency by enabling variable motor speed control through adjusting average pulse values.

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Niomi Golrai
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66 views3 pages

Working:: Pulse Width Modulation

This document discusses pulse width modulation (PWM) for controlling motor speed. PWM works by turning power to a motor on and off very quickly, with the average amount of on vs off time determining the effective voltage. For speed control, a PWM circuit uses a potentiometer to vary the duty cycle of pulses sent to a motor, changing its speed. Key advantages are reduced power consumption and heat loss. Applications include fine control of small DC motors, where PWM allows rotation at low speeds without stalling. In conclusion, PWM increases system efficiency by enabling variable motor speed control through adjusting average pulse values.

Uploaded by

Niomi Golrai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction:

Todays industries are increasingly demanding process automation in all


sectors. Automation results into better quality, increased production at
reduced costs. The variable speed drives, which can control the speed of
AC/DC motors, are indispensable controlling elements in automation
systems. Depending on the applications, some of them are fixed speed and
some of the variable speed drives. There are many ways to control the
speed of motors, one of the efficient way is using of PULSE WIDTH
MODULATION.
Here we are implementing simple PWM motor speed controller circuit that
can be used for varying the speed of dc motor.
The variation is achieved by varying the duty cycle of the pulse supplied to
drive the circuit.

PULSE WIDTH MODULATION:


Pulse-width modulation (PWM), is a modulation technique used to encode
a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be
used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the
control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial
loads such as motors.
The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by
turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The
longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total
power supplied to the load.

Working:

Advantages:
There are many advantages of controlling speed of motor using this
technique, some of then are
o The motor consumes less power.
o Significantly less energy loss due to heat.
o Allow fine motor control

Application:
o The use of pulse width modulation to control a small motor has the
advantage in that the power loss in the switching transistor is small
because the transistor is either fully ON or fully OFF. As a result
the switching transistor has a much reduced power dissipation giving
it a linear type of control which results in better speed stability.
o Also the amplitude of the motor voltage remains constant so the
motor is always at full strength. The result is that the motor can be
rotated much more slowly without it stalling.

Conclusion:
Being able to vary motors speed with PWM, it increases the
efficiency of the total system.
The motors speed depends on the average value of the pulse and
not on the individual pulses.

By varying the potentiometer the motors speed will control as the


duty cycle of the PWM varied.
It is possible to improve the overall performance of the motor speed.

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