Cram Guide for Exam 640-801 - Cisco Certified Network

Associate Exam (CCNA 640-801)

Planning & Designing
Design a simple LAN using Cisco Technology.
1.
CCNA mainly deals with routing and switching.

Routing takes place at layer 3.

Switching takes place at layer 2.

2.
Cisco gears use standardized interface known as IOS.
Design an IP addressing scheme to meet design
requirements.
3.
In a Class A address, the first octet is the network portion.
In a Class B address, the first two octets are the network
portion. In a Class C address, the first three octets are the
network portion.
4.
In a Class A address, the first octet is the network portion.
In a Class B address, the first two octets are the network
portion. In a Class C address, the first three octets are the
network portion.
Select an appropriate routing protocol based on user
requirements.
5.
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is easy to setup but is
limited by hop counts.
6.
RIP 2 allows more information to be included in RIP packets
and provides a simple authentication mechanism that is not
supported by RIP.
7.
OSPF is good for larger network where scalability is a
concern. It is complicated to set up though.
8.
OSPF is good for larger network where scalability is a
concern. It is complicated to set up though
9.
Cisco believes that IGRP is technically better than RIP,
although RIP is more frequently tested in the exam.
Design a simple internetwork using Cisco technology.
10. You need to use router to connect different networks
together.
11. You need to take care of IP addresses subnet configuration
and routing table configuration. You may also need to
deploy routing protocols.
12. EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) and
IGRP (Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) are Cisco
proprietary routing protocols, while RIP and OSPF are open
standards.
Develop an access list to meet user specifications.
13. In IP Access Lists (ACLs), masks are used with IP addresses
to specify what should be permitted and denied.
14. Masks to configure IP addresses on interfaces start with 255
and have the large values on the left side. Masks for IP ACLs
are the reverse (wildcard mask).

15. New ACL statements should be added to the end of the list.
Identify the procedures for installing Windows 9x/Me,
Choose WAN services to meet customer requirements.
16. A WAN is a network that covers a relatively broad
geographic area that often uses transmission facilities
provided by common carriers.
17. A point-to-point link provides a single pre-established WAN
communications path from the customer premises to a
remote network. It is usually leased from a carrier and thus
is often called leased line.
18. Switched circuits allow data connections to be initiated
when needed and terminated when completed. Integrated
Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a an example of circuit
switching.
19. Packet switching is a WAN technology in which users share
common carrier resources (thus cheaper to use). Examples
include Transfer Mode (ATM), Frame Relay and X.25.
20. Dialup services are cost-effective solutions for connectivity
across WANs and are often used when cost is a concern and
usage is not frequent. Two popular examples are
dial-on-demand routing (DDR) and dial backup.
Implementation & Operation
Configure routing protocols given user requirements.
21. To configure RIP, the REQUIRED steps are:

Enabling RIP

Allowing Unicast Updates for RIP

22. To configure RIP, the OPTIONAL steps are:

Applying Offsets to Routing Metrics

Adjusting Timers

Specifying a RIP Version

Enabling RIP Authentication

Configuring Route Summarization on an Interface

Verifying IP Route Summarization

Disabling Automatic Route Summarization

23. To configure IGRP, the REQUIRED steps are:

Creating the IGRP Routing Process

Applying Offsets to Routing Metrics

Allowing Unicast Updates for IGRP

Defining Unequal-Cost Load Balancing

Controlling Traffic Distribution

Adjusting the IGRP Metric Weights

Adjusting Timers
24. To configure IGRP, the OPTIONAL steps are:

Disabling Holddown

Enforcing a Maximum Network Diameter

Validating Source IP Addresses

Enabling or Disabling Split Horizon

Running IGRP and RIP Concurrently.
25. Multi-protocol routing is common for scenarios such as
mergers, multi- admin and multi-vendor environments.
26. RIP metric is based on hop count, but IGRP uses a
composite metric based on bandwidth, delay, reliability,
load, and maximum transmission unit (bandwidth and delay
are the only parameters used by default).
27. When redistributing routing protocols, you must define a
metric that is understandable to the receiving protocol
through the redistribute command.
Disabling the Validation of Source IP Addresses.
28. By default the system validates the source IP addresses of
incoming routing updates. To disable this function, use "no
validate-update-source".
Enabling or Disabling Split Horizon.
29. Routers that use distance-vector routing protocols
commonly employ the split horizon mechanism to reduce
routing loops. Split horizon is a technique that blocks
information about routes from being advertised by a router
out of any interface from which that information originated.
30. "ip split-horizon" allows you to enable split horizon.
31. "no ip split-horizon" allows you to disable split horizon.
Configuring Interpacket Delay.
32. You may change the interpacket delay for RIP updates sent
through the output-delay command in router configuration
mode. You may then remove the delay with the no form of
the command.
Connecting RIP to a WAN.
33. RIP is mostly for LAN due to the fact that it limits the
number of router hops between any two hosts in an internet
to 16. Moreover, it is slow to converge - it takes a relatively
long time for network changes to become known to all
routers.
34. To connect networks across WAN, you need Border Gateway
Protocol (BGP). BGP performs interdomain routing between
multiple autonomous systems and exchanges routing and
reachability information with other BGP systems.
Configure IP addresses, subnet masks, and gateway
addresses on routers and hosts.
35. An IP address is the unique number ID assigned to one host
or interface in a network. It is 32 bit based.
36. A subnet is a portion of a network sharing a particular
subnet address.
37. A subnet mask is a 32-bit combination used to describe
which portion of an address refers to the subnet and which
part refers to the host.
38. Every IP address is made up of 32 binary bits which can be
divisible into a network portion and host portion. The 32
binary bits are broken into four octets, with 1 octet = 8 bits.
39. An interface refers to a network connection.
40. Gateway address is the routers address. A client must have
a default gateway setting in order to communicate with the
outside network.
Configure a router for additional administrative
functionality.
41. Some layer 3 capable Cisco gears provide comprehensive
Domain Name System (DNS) and Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol (DHCP) administrative functionality
to help customers automate and streamline IP networking
services, such as client configuration and provisioning.
42. DNS is for name resolution while DHCP is for dynamic IP
address configuration.
Configure a switch with VLANS and inter-switch
communication.
43. Virtual LAN (VLANs) refers to a group of devices on one or
more LANs that are configured to communicate as if they
were attached to the same wire, when in fact they are
located on different LAN segments. As VLANs are based on

Copyright 2004 CertTalk.com/Adaptive Learning Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

logical connections, they are extremely flexible in terms of

configuration and application.
44. VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) works at Layer 2 to manage
the addition, deletion, and renaming of VLANs on a
network-wide basis.
45. Generic VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP) provides IEEE
802.1Q-compliant VLAN pruning and dynamic VLAN
creation on 802.1Q trunk ports.
Implement a LAN.
46. Ethernet refers to LAN products covered by the IEEE 802.3
standard. Available data rates include 10 Mbps10Base-T
Ethernet, 100 MbpsFast Ethernet.
47. 1000 Mbps and 10,000MbpsGigabit Ethernet.
48. An Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cable has four pairs of
wires twisted inside it to eliminate electrical interference.
49. RJ-45 connectors have eight connector pins.
50. A straight-through cable connects the source and
destination computers through a hub or a switch.
51. A crossover cable has the standard RJ-45 cable between
source and destination cross-connected.
52. A rollover cable is a Cisco proprietary cable that connects to
a router or switch console port.
53. Collision is used by Ethernet to control access and allocate
shared bandwidth among stations that try to transmit at the
same time on a shared medium. Ethernet uses Carrier
Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect (CSMA/CD) as its
collision detection method.
Customize a switch configuration to meet specified
network requirements.
54. Depending on the switch models you deploy, different
commands may be used.
55. On Catalyst switches, IOS commands are different from
CatOS commands.
Manage system image and device configuration files.
56. To display the contents of the BOOT environment variable,
the name of the configuration file pointed to by the
CONFIG_FILE environment variable, the contents of the
BOOTLDR environment variable, and the configuration
register setting, use the show boot command.
57. To copy the running configuration file to another destination,
use the copy running-config command.
58. To copy a file from Flash memory to another destination,
use the copy flash command.
59. To verify the checksum of Flash memory, use the verify flash
command.
60. To enable autoloading of configuration files from a network
server, use the service config command.
Perform an initial configuration on a router.
61. Different models of Cisco routers require different initial
configuration tasks.
62. You may build most straightforward router configurations
and create a configuration file using the router's setup
facility.
63. You may use Cisco's Configuration Builder in Windows to
create configuration files for multiple routers without
knowing the router command-line language or syntax.
64. To return a Cisco router to its original factory defaults, you
either use the config-register 0x2102 command or the
config-register 0x2142 command.
Perform an initial configuration on a switch.
65. Different models of Cisco switches require different initial
configuration tasks.
66. You can configure the switch from a direct console
connection to the console port or remotely through its
management port (if available).
67. If you are using a direct console connection, you should
configure your terminal emulation program for 9600 baud,
8 data bits, no parity, and 1 stop bit.
68. If you are configuring the management port, you must
assign an IP address to any Fast Ethernet or Gigabit
Ethernet port on the switch.

69. You may access the Command Line Interface (CLI) on an

unconfigured switch by placing the switch in Express Setup
mode and then by connecting a switch Ethernet port to the
Ethernet port of your workstation. Note that Express Setup
is only supported on switches running IOS Release
12.1(14)EA1 or later.
Implement access lists.
70. IP Standard 1-99
71. IP Extended 100-199
72. IPX Standard 800-899
73. IPX Extended 900-999
74. IPX SAP Filters 1000-1099
75. Always remember, access list processing is sequential.
Implement simple WAN protocols.
76. WAN protocols supported by most Cisco gears include
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), Frame Relay,
High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC), Integrated Services
Digital Networks (ISDN), Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP),
Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP), Switched Multimegabit
Data Service (SMDS), X.25 and its derivatives.
Troubleshooting
Utilize the OSI model as a guide for systematic network
troubleshooting
77. A physical layer problem means a hardware and/or cable
connectivity problem.
78. A layer 2 problem usually means a problem associated with
LAN switching.
79. A layer 3 problem usually means a problem associated with
IP addressing or routing.
80. A layer 4 problem has to deal with the application.
Perform LAN and VLAN troubleshooting.
81. For LAN, make sure that the hub or switch is properly
powered and that the LAN cables are properly connected.
82. If a loop exists within an Ethernet network, a single packet
that loops endlessly can cause broadcast storm and render
the network useless.
83. For VLAN, always make sure that the configuration revision
of all switches inserted into the VTP domain is lower than
the configuration revision of the switches already in the VTP
domain.
Troubleshoot routing protocols.
84. Check the routing metrics. Different routing protocols use
different routing metrics.
85. The traceroute command is useful for checking routes taken
by traveling packets.
86. RIP converges slowly - routing loops can occur by
disagreement over the next routing hop to be taken.
Troubleshoot IP addressing and host configuration.
87. Errors mostly occur when the subnet masks are not properly
configured.
88. An IP address must be unique in the network.
89. If DHCP is used, is the DHCP server distributing addresses?
90. How about the routing table entries and default gateway
settings on the clients?
Troubleshoot a device as part of a working network.
91. The ping (Packet InterNet Groper) command is used for
troubleshooting the accessibility of devices. The extended
ping is used to perform a more advanced check of host
reachability and network connectivity.
92. The traceroute command is used to discover the paths
packets take to a remote destination, as well as where
routing breaks down. An extended traceroute command is
used to see what path packets are taking to get to a
destination and to check routing.
Troubleshoot an access list.
93. Did you set up the masks for IP ACL correctly?
94. Note that traffic is compared to ACL entries based on the
order that the entries occur in the router. The router
continues to look until it has a match and then stops. Are
your entries properly placed?

Perform simple WAN troubleshooting.

95. Different WAN protocols require different troubleshooting
methods. Common troubleshooting techniques: Is the WAN
line up? Is it in loopback mode (if so, turn off the loopback
mode)? Any alarms or error events? Did you deploy
compression or encryption (watch out for hardware and
software compatibility).
Technology
Describe network communications using layered models.
96. Cisco has defined a hierarchical model known as the
hierarchical internetworking model for simplifying the task
of building a reliable and scalable hierarchical internetwork.
97. The 3 layers model focuses on the three functional areas,
namely the Core layer, the Distribution layer and the Access
layer.
Describe the Spanning Tree process.
98. Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP) has the goal of preventing
loops from being formed when switches or bridges are
interconnected via multiple paths and ensuring that only
one active path exists between two network devices.
99. STP implements the 802.1D IEEE algorithm by exchanging
BPDU messages with other switches to detect loops and
then removes the loop by shutting down selected bridge
interfaces.
Compare and contrast key characteristics of LAN
environments.
100. A LAN is a computer network that spans a relatively small
area.
101. Most LANs are confined to a single physical location.
102. The characteristics that differentiate one LAN from another
include topology, protocols and cable media.
103. LANs allows data transmission at very fast rates, but the
distances and the number of computers are limited.
Evaluate the characteristics of routing protocols.
104. Interior Routing Protocols (IGPs) operate within
autonomous systems. Examples are RIP, IGRP, Enhanced
IGRP, OSPF and Integrated IS-IS.
105. Exterior Routing Protocols (EGPs) provide routing between
autonomous systems. The two most popular EGPs in the
TCP/IP community are BGP and EGP.
106. Translation between environments with different routing
protocols requires that routes generated by one protocol be
redistributed into the second routing protocol environment.
Evaluate TCP/IP communication process and its
associated protocols.
107. TCP is a connection-oriented transport protocol. It sends
data as an unstructured stream of bytes. With sequence
numbers and acknowledgment messages, TCP can provide
a sending node with delivery information about packets
transmitted to the destination.
108. In the case of packet lost in transit, TCP can perform
re-transmission until either a timeout condition is reached
or until successful delivery has been achieved. TCP can also
recognize and discard duplicate messages.
109. Cisco TCP/IP implementation supports ARP, RARP, ICMP,
Proxy ARP, Echo, Discard, and Probe.
Describe the components of network devices.
110. Different network devices have different components.
Hardware components include memory, processor and
circuit board, while software components include firmware
and IOS.
Evaluate rules for packet control.
111. Depending on purposes, packet control can involve different
rules.
112. We may control packets for bandwidth usage control, for
security, or for other purposes.
113. Packet control often takes place at the gateway and can
involve significant processing overhead.
Evaluate key characteristics of WANs
114. WAN covers a broad geographic area that often uses

Copyright 2004 CertTalk.com/Adaptive Learning Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

transmission facilities provided by common carriers.

115. WAN technologies generally function at the lower three OSI
layers.
116. Many WANs deploy virtual circuits - logical circuits created
within shared networks between two network devices. The
two major types of virtual circuits are switched virtual
circuits (SVCs) and permanent virtual circuits (PVCs).
117. WANs require numerous types of device that are specific to
WAN environments, such as WAN switches, access servers,
modems, CSU/DSUs, and ISDN terminal adapters.

Copyright 2004 CertTalk.com/Adaptive Learning Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.