Scribd
Upload
7K views23 pages

Adhoc Networks

This document discusses ad-hoc networks. It defines ad-hoc networks as local area networks that are built spontaneously as devices connect without relying on a central base station. It describes how ad-hoc networks are comprised of wireless devices that communicate directly with each other for temporary use. The document outlines the history and types of ad-hoc networks including infrastructure-based, infrastructure-less, and mobile ad-hoc networks. It also summarizes routing protocols, benefits, and disadvantages of ad-hoc networks.

Uploaded by

Chaitanya Bhamidipati
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7K views23 pages

Adhoc Networks

This document discusses ad-hoc networks. It defines ad-hoc networks as local area networks that are built spontaneously as devices connect without relying on a central base station. It describes how ad-hoc networks are comprised of wireless devices that communicate directly with each other for temporary use. The document outlines the history and types of ad-hoc networks including infrastructure-based, infrastructure-less, and mobile ad-hoc networks. It also summarizes routing protocols, benefits, and disadvantages of ad-hoc networks.

Uploaded by

Chaitanya Bhamidipati
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 23

Ad-hoc

Networks
 Introduction
 History
 Mobile Ad-hoc Networks
 Infrastructure based Networks and Infrastructure-
less Networks.
 Mobile Ad-hoc Network Routing Protocols
 Setting up a simple Mobile Ad-hoc Network
 Pros and Cons.
 Difference between Cellular and Ad-hoc Networks
 Future Research Directions
 Conclusions
What is an ad-hoc network

An ad-hoc network is a local area network (LAN) that is built


spontaneously as devices connect. Instead of relying on a base
station to coordinate the flow of messages to each node in the
network, the individual network nodes forward packets to and
from each other
 In Latin, ad hoc literally means “for this purpose”.
Ad hoc networks therefore refer to networks created for a
particular purpose. They are often created for one-time or
temporary use.
Ad hoc networks are comprised of a group of workstations or
other wireless devices which communicate directly with each
other to exchange information
Why
Ad-Hoc
Networks???
.

Generally the networks normally developed are of the


type having some fixed infrastructure. If the network is
required to be made for some short period of time then
we go for AD-HOC NETWORKS
 Infrastructure networks pass information through a
central information hub which can be a hardware device or
software on a computer.

Office networks, for example, generally use a server to


which company workstations connect to receive their
information
A Simple example for Ad Hoc
Network

Nodes or devices can join together to make up a


simple ad-hoc network. Every device owes an equal
status or designation in the network.
If an organization, for example arranges a conference, then
attendees use their laptops or notebook computers to connect
to the nearby computers and the Internet through the wireless
router.
A better solution to this kind of network will be an ad-hoc
network in which the wireless router is replaced by a wireless
computer that can well act as a wireless router.

The computers communicate directly with each other.


Ad hoc networks do not go through any central
information hub.

 Ad hoc networks are generally closed networks, i.e. they


do not connect to the Internet and are typically created
between participants.

 If one of the participants has a connection to a public or


private network, this connection can be shared among other
members of the ad hoc network. This will allow other users
on the spontaneous ad hoc network to connect to the
Internet as well.
On the basis of infrastructure we can classify
the Ad-hoc networks into two main
categories.
They are :

 Infrastructure-based Networks

 Infrastructure-less Networks
1. Infrastructure-based networks:

 A network with pre-constructed infrastructure that is made of


fixed network nodes and gateways, with typically network services
delivered via these preconfigured infrastructures.

 For example, cellular networks are infrastructure-based networks


built from PSTN backbone switches, MSCs, base stations, and
mobile hosts.

 Each node has its strict specific responsibility in the network.


WLANs typically also fall into this category.
2 . Infrastructure-less Networks
 In this case a network is formed dynamically through the
cooperation of an arbitrary set of independent nodes.

 For example, two PCs equipped with wireless adapter cards


can set up an independent network whenever they are within
range of one another.

 In mobile ad hoc networks, nodes are expected to behave as


routers and take part in discovery and maintenance of routes
to other nodes.

 Network is decentralized where the topology discovering and


the message delivering must be executed by the nodes
themselves.
Mobile Ad-hoc Networks Routing Protocols

 Ad-hoc Networks require efficient routing protocols


because determining successful routing paths and
delivering messages in a centralized environment where
network topology fluctuates is not a well defined problem.

 An optimal route at a certain time may not work seconds


later
Ad-hoc Routing Protocols

Table Driven Protocols On Demand Protocols

Hybrid Protocols
Table Driven Routing Protocol

 Send periodic updates of the routes.

 Each node uses routing information to store the


location information of other nodes in the network
and this information is then used to move data among
different nodes in the network.

 Have lower latency since routes are maintained at all


times
On Demand Routing Protocols

Establish routes only when required to route data


packets.

Route discovery process

Have longer transmission delays.


Hybrid Routing Protocols
 Combine Table Based Routing Protocols with On Demand
Routing Protocols.

 They use distance-vectors to establish the optimum


routes, and report routing information only when there
is a change in the topology of the network.

 Each node in the network has its own routing zone, the
size of which is defined by a zone radius, defined by a
metric such as the number of nodes.

 Each node keeps a record of routing information for its


own zone
Key Benefits of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks
 No expensive infrastructure must be installed

 Use of unlicensed frequency spectrum

 Quick distribution of information around sender

 Use of ad-hoc networks can increase mobility and


flexibility, as ad-hoc networks can be brought up
and torn down in a very short time.

 Ad-hoc networks can be more economical in some


cases, as they eliminate fixed infrastructure costs and
reduce power consumption at mobile nodes.
 Because of multi-hop support in ad-hoc networks,
communication beyond the Line of Sight (LOS) is
possible at high frequencies.

 Multi-hop ad-hoc networks can reduce the power


consumption of wireless devices. More transmission
power is required for sending a signal over any distance
in one long hop than in multiple shorter hops. It can easily
be proved that the gain in transmission power consumption
is proportional to the number of hops made.
 Because of short communication links, radio emission
levels can be kept low. This reduces interference levels,
increases spectrum reuse efficiency, and makes it
possible to use unlicensed unregulated frequency bands
DIS-ADVANTAGES

 They are infrastructure less

 Dynamically changing network topologies

 Limited link bandwidth and quality

 Energy constrained operation

 Physical layer limitation

 Quality of service
CONCLUSIONS

Ad hoc networking will play an important role in this


evolution. Its intrinsic flexibility, ease of maintenance,
lack of needed infrastructure, auto configuration, self-
administration capabilities, and significant cost
advantages make it a prime candidate for becoming
the stalwart technology for personal pervasive
communication
THANKS FOR
CONCENTRATING

ANY

QUERIES

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy