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Fourier Series Example

The document discusses the Fourier series representation of the function f(x)=x over the interval -π to π. It is found that: 1) The Euler coefficients an and bn are calculated, with an=0 and bn=(-1)n+1/nπ for n≥1. 2) The Fourier series expansion of f(x) is the sum from n=1 to infinity of (-1)n+1sin(nx)/n. 3) The partial sums of the Fourier series for a discontinuous function like f(x)=x show oscillations near the point of discontinuity that do not decrease, even when a large number of terms are included. This is known as the Gibbs

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332 views3 pages

Fourier Series Example

The document discusses the Fourier series representation of the function f(x)=x over the interval -π to π. It is found that: 1) The Euler coefficients an and bn are calculated, with an=0 and bn=(-1)n+1/nπ for n≥1. 2) The Fourier series expansion of f(x) is the sum from n=1 to infinity of (-1)n+1sin(nx)/n. 3) The partial sums of the Fourier series for a discontinuous function like f(x)=x show oscillations near the point of discontinuity that do not decrease, even when a large number of terms are included. This is known as the Gibbs

Uploaded by

neruda96
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fourier Series Example

Determine the Euler coefficients of the Fourier series of the function f(x)=x for - x : 1 1 a0 = - f(x)dx= 2 - xdx=0 2 1 1 an f(x)cos(nx)dx= xcos(nx) dx

1 x [ 2 cos( nx ) sin( nx )] 0 n n 1 1 bn f(x)sin(nx)dx= xsin(nx) dx

1 x 2 2 [ 2 sin(nx ) cos( nx )] cos( n ) ( 1) n 1 n n n n

2 f ( x ) ( 1) n 1 sin( nx ) n 1 n 2 1 2sin( x ) sin(2 x ) sin(3 x ) sin(4 x ) 3 2


3.6 62 4

Five terms
2 f3 ( x) f5 ( x) f10 0( x) f ( x) 0

100 terms

Real function Three terms

3.6 62

3 3.1 4

0 x

3 3.1 4

Gibbs Phenomenon
The partial sum of a Fourier series shows oscillations near a discontinuity point as shown from the previous example. These oscillations do not flatten out even when the total number of terms used is very large. As an example, the real function f(x)=x has a value of 3.14 when x=3.14. On the other hand, the partial sum solution using 100 terms has a value of 0.318 when x=3.14. It is drastically different from the real value. In general, these oscillations worsen when the number of terms used decrease. In the previous example, the value of the five terms solution is only 0.016 when x=3.14. Therefore, extreme attention has to be paid when using the Fourier analysis on discontinuous function.

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