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Dielectric Materials

Dielectric materials can be described on both a macroscopic and microscopic level. On a macroscopic level, the dielectric constant εr is equal to 1 plus the electric susceptibility χ. This expression shows that εr increases linearly with density in gases. On a microscopic level, the local electric field experienced by individual dipoles includes both the external applied field and the fields generated by surrounding dipoles. When estimating the local field, a small cavity is imagined around the reference dipole to exclude compensating volume charges in the surrounding material.

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42 views10 pages

Dielectric Materials

Dielectric materials can be described on both a macroscopic and microscopic level. On a macroscopic level, the dielectric constant εr is equal to 1 plus the electric susceptibility χ. This expression shows that εr increases linearly with density in gases. On a microscopic level, the local electric field experienced by individual dipoles includes both the external applied field and the fields generated by surrounding dipoles. When estimating the local field, a small cavity is imagined around the reference dipole to exclude compensating volume charges in the surrounding material.

Uploaded by

battlestroker
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DIELECTRIC MATERIALS

Dielectric Constant and Polarizability


This is a useful result in that it expresses the macroscopic quantity r in terms of microscopic quantity , thus forming a link between the two descriptions of dielectric materials.

r = 1+

The departure of the dielectric constant from unity is equal to the electric susceptibility.

This expression indicating that r increases linearly with density, holds in gases, in which density can be conveniently varied over a wide range. This expression of r holds good in gases but not for liquids and gases i.e condensed physical systems.

Local Field
To estimate the field experienced by the dipole (local field), let us consider a dielectric material subjected to an external electric field E0. A dipole in the dielectric material experiences this field as well as the field due to all other dipoles in the medium. Imagine a small spherical cavity of radius R with the centre at the reference dipole cutout from the specimen.

Local Field

NOTE: The part of the medium between sphere and the external surface does not contribute anything since, in effect, the volume polarisation charges compensate each other, resulting ina zero net charge in this region.

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