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2-4 Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger (Problem)

The document describes a shell and tube heat exchanger problem involving cooling 33,114 lb/hr of n-butyl alcohol using water. It provides data on the shell and tube specifications and fluid properties. The solution calculates the heat duty, mass flow rates, temperature differences, heat transfer coefficients, pressure drops and determines the dirt factor to be 0.0027 hr-ft^2-°F/Btu.

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Qamar Munir
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3K views35 pages

2-4 Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger (Problem)

The document describes a shell and tube heat exchanger problem involving cooling 33,114 lb/hr of n-butyl alcohol using water. It provides data on the shell and tube specifications and fluid properties. The solution calculates the heat duty, mass flow rates, temperature differences, heat transfer coefficients, pressure drops and determines the dirt factor to be 0.0027 hr-ft^2-°F/Btu.

Uploaded by

Qamar Munir
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2-4 Shell and Tube Heat exchanger

engineering-resource.com

Outline
2-4 Shell and tube heat exchanger Why we use it ? Problem 8.1

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Problem Statement

33,114 lb/hr of n-butyl alcohol at 210 0F is to be cooled to 105 0F using water from 95 to 115 0F. Available for the purpose is a 19 in. ID, twopass shell exchanger with 204 tubes . OD , 16 BWG, 160 long on 1-in .square pitch arranged for four passes. Vertically cut baffles are spaced 7 in. apart. Pressure drops of 10psi are allowable. What is the Dirt factor ?
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SOLUTION

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Data Available
Shell Side Data

Inside Shell Diameter Number of Passes Baffle spacing Baffle type Allowable Pressure Drop

= = = = =

19 in 2 7 in Vertically Cut 10psi

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Data Available
Tube Side Data

Outside Diameter of Tubes BWG Length of tubes Tubes Pitch Number of tubes Number of tube passes Allowable Pressure Drop
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= = = = = = =

in 16 160 1 in. Square 204 4 10psi

Location of Fluids
Tube Side Fluid As water has more scaling tendency than n-butyl alcohol that is why it is taken in tube side Shell Side Fluid n-butyl alcohol certainly
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Data Available
Hot Fluid (n-butyl alcohol)

Inlet temperature (T1) Outlet temperature (T2) Mass Flow rate (mh)

= = =

210 0F 105 0F 33114 lb/hr

Cold Fluid (Water)

Inlet temperature (t1) Outlet temperature (t2)


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= =

95 0F 115 0F

Diagram
mh = 33114 lb/hr

(n-butyl alcohol)

210 0F 115 0F
T1 1

105 0F 95 0F

(Water)

Temperature Profile

Tx t2 T2 2 t1
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2 3

Step #1
Heat Duty
Qh mh Cph

= = =
= =

mhCph(T1 - T2) (1) 33,114 lb/hr 0.69 Btu/lboF (from fig.2)


33114*(0.69)*(210-105) Btu/hr 2399109.3 Btu/hr
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Qh

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Step # 1 contd.
Mass flow rate of water As Qh = Qc mc = Qh / {Cpw*(t2 t1)}

= =

2399109.3 / {1*(115 - 95)} 119955.46 lb/hr

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Step # 2
LMTD Calculation

(n-butyl alcohol)

(Water) LMTD =

210 0F 115 0F (T1-t2) (T2-t1)

105 0F 95 0F

ln(T1-t2)/(T2-t1) (210 115 ) (105 - 95) ln(210 115 )/(105 - 95) 37.75 0F
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True temperature Difference


t R

= =

FT * LMTD T1 T2 = 210 - 105 t2 t1 115 95 5.25 t2 t1 = 115 - 95 T1 t1 210 95 0.174 0.95 (from fig 19) 0.95 * 37.75 = 35.860F
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= = = = =

FT t

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Step # 3
Tc and tc These liquids are not viscous and the viscosity correction will be negligible

(/w)s =

(/w)t

Average temperatures can be used


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Step # 4a
Shell Side Calculations Hot Fluid (n-butyl alcohol) Flow area (as) = I.D*C*B n*PT*144 as = (19.25)*(.25)*(7) (2)*(1)*144 = 0.117 ft2
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Step # 5a
Mass velocity Gs = W/as = 33114 0.117

283025.6 lb/hr.ft2

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Step # 6a
Reynold Number Res Res = De * Gs / De = 4*(PT2 (3.14/4)*do2) 3.14 * do = 4 * (12 (3.14/4)*0.752) 3.14 * 0.75 = 0.95/12 = 0.0789ft from figure 14 = 1cp * 2.42 = 2.42 Re = 9356

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Step # 7a
jH Factor from figure 28 54

jH

= =

Step # 8a

ho

k ho

= =
=

jH * (k / De) * (C / k)1/3 from Table 4 0.096 Btu/ft.0F


54*(0.096 / 0.0789)*(0.69*2.42/0.096)1/3 170 Btu / hr.ft2.0F
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Step # 4b
Tube Side Calculations Tubes flow area from Table 10 at = 0.302 in2 / tube = 204 * (0.302) / (144 * 4) = 0.1069 ft2

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Step # 5b

Mass velocity Gt Gt = = = w/at 119955.46 0.1069 1122127.78 lb / hr ft2

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Tube Side Velocity

= =

= OR = 1.52 ms-1

Gt / p 1122127.78 62.5 *3600 4.987 fps

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Step # 6b
Reynold Number Ret Ret = di * Gt / from figure 17 = 0.7 * 2.42 = from table 10 di = 0.620 in = Ret = 34180.5

engineering-resource.com

1.694 lb / ft hr
0.0516 ft

Step # 7b
Tube side heat transfer coefficient hi from Figure 25 hi = 1240 Btu / hr ft2 0F hio = 1240 * ID / OD = 1240 * 0.620 / 0.75 = 1025 Btu / hr ft2 0F

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Step # 8
Clean Overall Coefficient Uc Uc = hio * ho hio + ho

145.8 Btu / hr ft2 0F

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Step # 9
Design Overall Coefficient UD from Fourier Equation UD = Q/A. t From Table 10 a = 0.1963 *ft2/ lin. Ft A = 204 * 0.1963 * 16 = 640.72 ft2 UD = 2399109.3 / 640.72 * 35.86 = 104.47 Btu / hr . Ft2 .0F

engineering-resource.com

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Step # 10

Rd

= Uc-Ud Uc*Ud = 145.8 - 104.47 145.8 * 104.47 = .0027 hr ft2 0F/Btu

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Step # 11a

Pressure drop: (on shell side

For Res= 9356 (from fig.29) f=0.0035 ft2/in.2 No of crosses, N+1=12L/B N+1=(12 16)/7 N+1=27.42 ( Say,28) Ds=19.25 in./12 Ds=1.604 ft s=? engineering-resource.com

Step # 11a

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Step # 11a

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Step # 11a

Ps = fGs2Ds(N+1) 5.221010Dess Ps =0.0035 283025.6 21.60428 5.221010 0.0789ft ?1 Ps =7.0psi (allowable=10psi

engineering-resource.com

Step # 11b
Pressure drop: (on tube side) Ret = 34180.5(from fig.26) f=0.0002ft2/in.2 Pt=(fGt2Ln)/(5.221010Dst) Pt= 4 psi Gt=973500,v2/2g=0.13 (from fig.) Pr=(4nv2)/(2gs) Pr=3.2 psi PT=Pt+Pr=7.2psi(allowable=10psi)

engineering-resource.com

Step # 11b

engineering-resource.com

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