What is CCTV?

CCTV, Closed Circuit TeleVision, is a TV system that does not broadcast TV signals to public but transmits them over to limited monitor(s). CCTV system usually utilizesCCD video cameras (to produce the video), cable or wireless transmitters/receiversor Internet (to transmit the video), and monitors (to see the video). CCTV system is not only applied to the security and surveillance purpose but also to the other fields like laboratory in schools or in private companies, even to production lines in factories. As the application of CCTV system increased, the CCTV industry has developed variety of CCTV equipment like Time Lapse VCRs, combiners, infrared illuminators, Pan/Tilt, etc. The most recent development is web camera server which uses the Internet for remote surveillance.

What is CCD chip?

A CCD(charge coupled device) consists of several hundred thousand individual picture elements (pixels) on a tiny 1/2", 1/3", or 1/4" chip. Each pixel responds to light falling on it by storing a tiny charge of electricity. The pixels are arranged on a precise grid, with vertical and horizontal transfer registers carrying the signals to the camera's video processing circuitry. This transfer of signals occurs sixty times per second. The 1/3" CCD chip is the most widely used sensor format these days; its size is 5.5mm (diagonal), 4.4mm (horizontal) and 3.3mm (vertical). The 1/4" sensor format, recently being used in color cameras, is 4mm (diagonal), 3.2mm (horizontal) and 2.4mm (vertical). The CCD chip's Electronic Shutter plays a major role in making a fantastic and reliable picture. * CCD (charge coupled device) and CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) image sensors are two different technologies for capturing images digitally. Each has unique strengths and weaknesses giving advantages in different applications.

List of CCTV Parts and Accessories

* * * * * Camera body Lens Mounting Bracket AC Adapter Cable (or, Wireless Transmitter & Receiver)

Camera Package

Combiners

* Quad Splitter * Video Switcher * Multiplexer * Single (Professional) Monitor * Quad Splitter built-in Observation Monitor * Sequential Switcher built-in Observation Monitor * Time Lapse VCR * Digital Video Recorder(DVR) * Web Camera Server * DVR Web Camera Server * PTZ Speed Dome * * * * * * Outdoor Housing Case with Mounting Bracket Pan/Tilt Motion Sensor Video Amplifier IR Illuminator Video Capture Card

Monitors

Video Recorders

Web Cameras

Other Equipment and Accessories

CABLE 1) RCA Cable (Radio Corporation of America) * Phono Connector or Cinch Connector - YELLOW (Composite Video) - RED (Stereo Audio Right) - WHITE (Stereo Audio Left) 2) Coaxial Cable * RG = Radio Guided U = General Utility i) AWG = (American Wire Gauge)

RG6/U - 18 AWG & 75 Ohm impedance (Shielded) - Up to 450 m 500 m - Best for Satellite TV (ASTRO), Digital Cable TV (US), High end CCTV

ii)

RG59/U - 23 AWG & 75 Ohm (Unshielded) - Up to 300 m 350 m - Best for Baseband Audio Video Device, Standard CCTV

iii)

Fiber Optic - Not affected by electrical interference - No problem even in contact with high voltage power - Transmit video signals with extremely high efficiency - Can run up to miles - Very expensive - Difficult to handle

POWER ADAPTER 12VDC Most board cameras, mini cameras and about one third of the professional cameras work with 12VDC, 100mA to 200mA for B/W cameras and 150mA to 300mA for color ones. These cameras usually have DC jacks to accept DC power plugs. You should be careful about the polarity (positive and negative) for this power source. 12VDC power can be supplied by AC Adapter or battery pack. You may even use a "power cord" plugged to the cigarette lighter in a car.

24VAC About two thirds of the professional cameras work with 24VAC, 20VA to 40VA. The cameras usually have screw type connections and you don't need to worry about the polarity. This power is usually supplied by AC Adapter and you need to prepare separate power cable for the connection. Unlike 12VDC, this power can be transmitted to a long distance up to 450ft and is proper for the cameras that are to be installed outdoor or when you don't have the power outlet near the camera.

LENS C-Mount Lens The flange back (distance from the surface where the lens comes in contact with the camera to the focal point) of C-Mount lens is 17.526mm(0.69 inch). This is the only difference between the CMount lens and CS-Mount lens. C-Mount lens, as well as CS-Mount, is 1 inch diameter with 32 TPI (threads per inch). A C-Ring (5mm spacer ring) is required when a C-Mount lens is to be mounted to a CS-Mount camera unless the camera has built-in Flange-back Adjusting Ring. CS-Mount Lens The flange back of CS-Mount lens is 12.5mm(0.492 inch). This is 5mm shorter than the C-Mount lens and you need a 5mm spacer ring (or, C-ring) when you mount a C-Mount lens to a CS-Mount camera. (So, CS-Mount camera is always compatible with C- or CSMount lens. But, C-Mount camera is not compatible with CS-Mount lens. Most professional cameras are CS-Mount cameras and include a C-ring.) Fixed Mount Lens While C- or CS-Mount lens can be changed according to your application, the fixed mount lens, usually found on board cameras and mini cameras does not have standard mount size and can not be changed as easily as C- or CS-Mount lens.

QUAD SPLITTER Quad Splitter is a combiner to combine up to 4 cameras and to show them on a monitor screen split into 4 at the same time. Usually, it also has built-in switcher which can display the pictures one by one. Some models have BNC jacks for video inputs and others RCA jacks. You may choose one according to your camera's video connection type. But, if the video input jack is different with your camera's connection, you can get a BNC/RCA converter easily at any electronic parts shop like Radio Shack or Best Buy, etc. B/W splitter works with B/W cameras and color splitter with color cameras. A quad splitter is to be connected to a CCTV monitor, TV or VCR.

VIDEO SWITCHER Video Switcher is a combiner to combine multiple cameras and to show them on a monitor screen one by one, manually or automatically. When it works on automatic sequential mode, you can program the dwelling time on each camera, usually from 1 second to 30 or 60 seconds. Most video switchers have BNC jacks for video input so that if your cameras have RCA connections, you will need BNC/RCA adapters. This adapter may be provided by the equipment supplier or can be found easily at any electronic parts shop like Radio Shack or Best Buy, etc. Most commercialized video switchers are for 4 channels or 8 channels, which can be connected by up to 4 or 8 cameras. Video Switcher works for both B/W and color cameras and is to be connected to a CCTV monitor, TV or VCR.

TIME LAPSE VCR Time Lapse VCR records up to 24 hours or 960 hours continuously on a standard T-120 VHS tape. For example, if you program to record one picture per every 0.4 second the VCR will record for 48 hours on a T-120 VHS tape. These days, Time Lapse VCR is being replaced by DVR, networkable or not.

TIME LAPSE DVR DVR, Digital Video Recorder, records video pictures digitally on a hard disk drive(HDD). This HDD, usually built-in, has capacity of 250 Gb, 320 Gb or 1.5TB to store the records. You can program the picture resolution and recording speed (how many frames per second) according to the application; real-time or time lapse recording also available. Overwriting the oldest pictures is programmable. Event alarm recording which records only when a movement is captured within the image frame is easier to program and more reliable than the Time Lapse VCR's alarm recording function. You just assign dots over the screen where you want to detect the movement. As DVR records digitally, the image quality remains the same regardless of how many times the images are stored or rerecorded. And, you can select images quickly by using time/date or alarm search, or just browsing through.

NETWORK CAMERA
Web Camera (Web Camera Server, or Network Camera) is a CCTV Camera with built-in network video server so that you can connect it to a network line such as DSL or T-1 for the Internet or LAN. When you assign an IP address to the camera, you can see the camera's video at any place where the network line is available. One of the features you have to check about the web camera is the speed. That is, a web camera should have a good image compression technology which can compress the video images to a size small enough to go through the network line with fast speed. For now, the Wavelet is the best compression algorithm with compression rate 30% to 300% higher than other technology such as JPEG or MPEG. Another excellent feature of web camera is that you can program it to send you an email with up to 5 pictures when a movement is detected by the camera. And it usually has enough flash memory for you to customize your own Internet homepage.

PTZ Camera

DOME CAMERA / IR DOME CAMERA

Video Amplifier

IR ILLUMINATOR

OUTDOOR HOUSING CASE Followings are the dimensions of economically developed Outdoor Housing Cases for the CCTV Cameras; Small size: 80(W) x 70(H) x 260(D) mm Medium size: 103(W) x 98(H) x 370(D) mm Large size: 142(W) x 115(H) x 392(D) mm Professional Cameras should be mounted in medium or large size housing cases and Web Cameras in large size ones. A heater and/or blower can be built into medium or large size housing case. When a heater and/or blower is built-in, the available inside depth length is reduced by about 40 to 50mm. A heater and/or blower is usually required to be powered separately by 110VAC or 24VAC. And, you need an outdoor mounting brackets for the housing cases. Other special housing cases such as dome camera housings, triangular ceiling or corner mount housings, elevator-cab housings, explosion-proof housings are usually expensive