ð Service Source

Xserve
October 8, 2002

© 2002 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved.

Xserve Power Mac G4 - 1
 ð Service Source

Take Apart
Xserve

© 2002 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved.

 General Information

Overview
Xserve is designed to mount into a rack; Apple recommends that you remove the server
from the rack before replacing or installing all parts except hard drives. You can replace
hard drives while the server is operating and still in the rack.

Mounting in a Rack
For information on mounting Xserve in a rack, see the Xserve User’s Guide.

Tools
Most take-apart procedures do not require tools. You may, however, find a medium-sized
flatblade and Phillips screwdriver useful, as indicated at the beginning of some
procedures. If the server is locked, you will also need the server’s Allen wrench key.

Server Identifier Light/Button

The identifier light on the server’s front panel turns on when internal sensors or a systems
administrator detects a problem with the server. The light can also be turned on by
pressing the identifier button. This indicator will help you locate which server in a rack
needs servicing. Note: A duplicate identifier light/button is on the server’s back panel.

General Information Xserve Take Apart - 1

 Before Opening the Server

Serial Number
Be sure to write down the serial number of the server before opening it. If it is necessary to
set up the server’s software after service is complete, the serial number will be required for
login.

Unlocking the Server

If the server is in the locked position (the yellow security LED on the front panel is on), use
the Allen key that came with the server to unlock it.

Shutting Down
You must shut down the server before replacing or installing all parts except the hard
drives. Before shutting down, be sure to alert users that the server will be unavailable for a
period of time.

Warning: After shutting down the server, you must wait a few minutes before servicing it
to allow internal components to cool.

Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Precautions

Follow these steps to avoid damage from ESD before working inside the server.

1. Shut down the server.

2. If the cable management arm is not in use, unplug all external cables except the
power cord.

3. Touch the server’s metal case to discharge static electricity.

4. Unplug the power cord.

5. Slide the server open, remove it from the rack, and place it on a flat surface, preferably
covered by an ESD mat.

6. Put on an ESD wrist strap.

7. To avoid static electricity building back up in your body, do not walk around the room
until after you have finished working and closed the server.

Top Cover
The top cover is attached to the rack where the server is mounted. If you are replacing the
top cover, you must remove it both from the server and from the rack. For detailed
information on how the top cover is mounted in the rack, see the User’s Guide.

2 - Xserve Take Apart General Information

 Hard Drive

Xserve includes four hard drive bays at the front of the server. Drives come as modules
attached to carriers; they are removed from or installed in the server as unit.

Note: Blank drive carriers, which may fill some of the hard drive bays, follow the same
take-apart procedure as hard drives. If you are replacing a blank carrier with a drive
module, instruct the server’s administrator to keep the blank for possible future use. Blank
carriers must be installed in all empty bays to maintain proper airflow through the server.

Tools
No tools are required for this procedure.

Preliminary Steps
Before you begin, make sure the drives are in the unlocked position. No other preliminary
steps are required. You can replace or install hard drives while the server is running; you
do not need to shut down or open the server first.

Note: There are two LED indicators on the front of each drive.
• The upper LED shows drive status: a green light indicates the drive is good; a yellow
or red light indicates the drive should be replaced.
• The lower LED shows drive activity: when the light is blinking, the system is reading
from or writing to the drive. To avoid losing data, never remove a drive when the lower
LED is blinking.

WARNING: Drives must be in the unlocked position before you attempt to remove a drive.
If the drives are locked, pulling on the drive to remove it could damage the drive handle.

Part Location

Hard Drive Xserve Take Apart - 3

 Procedure
1. Make sure the drive being replaced is not in use by any application and is not being
shared by the server. (See the Mac OS X Server documentation for information about
shared drives.)

2. Unmount the drive (by using the command-line tools or by dragging the disk icon to
the Trash).

3. Press the handle on the front of the drive module so that the handle pops out.

4. Wait for the upper LED on the drive to go out. Then grasp the drive handle, and pull
the drive module out of the server.

4 - Xserve Take Apart Hard Drive

 Opening the Server

The server slides open from the front of the rack. The server’s top cover remains in place
in the rack; the bottom housing (containing all internal components) should be placed on a
sturdy, flat surface.

Tools
No tools are required for this procedure. You may, however, find a Phillips screwdriver
useful in releasing the thumb screws in step 1 below.

Preliminary Steps
Before you begin this procedure, write down the server’s serial number located on the
back panel. If it is necessary to set up the server’s software after service is complete, the
serial number will be required for login.

Opening the Server Xserve Take Apart - 5

 Procedure
1. Release the two thumb screws at the front of the server.

Note: The thumbscrews are captive and do not separate from the bottom housing.

2. Grasp the thumbscrews and slide the bottom housing forward part way to expose the
two chassis levers.

3. While depressing both levers, pull the bottom housing all the way forward and remove
it from the rack. Place the bottom housing on a sturdy, flat surface and ESD mat.

6 - Xserve Take Apart Opening the Server

 DIMMs

Xserve has four memory slots. DIMMs installed in the slots must be PC2100 double-data-
rate (DDR) SDRAM, which are also known as DDR-266 DIMMs. The DIMMs from older
Macintosh computers are not compatible with Xserve.

Tools
No tools are required for this procedure.

Preliminary Steps
Before you begin, open the server and place the bottom housing on a sturdy, flat surface.

Part Location

DIMMs Xserve Take Apart - 7

 Procedure
1. Push down the ejectors on the DIMM slot.

2. Holding the DIMM by both top corners, lift it straight up out of the server.

Warning: When removing or installing the DIMM, handle it only by the edges. Do not
touch its connectors. Lift the DIMM straight up from the connector to remove it, and insert
it straight down into the connector to install it. Do not rock the DIMM from side to side.

Replacement Note: The DIMM is designed to fit into the slot only one way. Be sure to
align the notch in the DIMM with the small rib inside the slot.

8 - Xserve Take Apart DIMMs

 PCI or AGP Card

There are three slots available for PCI expansion cards. Two slots are on a riser card
located at the back left corner of the logic board; an additional slot is on a riser card at the
back right corner of the logic board. A PCI card that is 7 inches long can be installed in
either riser card; a PCI card that is 12 inches long can be installed only in the dual-slot
riser. In addition, an AGP card can be installed in the single-slot riser.

Dual-Slot Riser Card

• Accommodates long cards (12") or short cards (7")
• Standard config comes with PCI video card installed; other cards are CTO options.
• Takes 3.3V, 64-bit/66-MHz or 32-bit/33-MHz cards. If one 33-MHz card is installed, all
cards run at 33-MHz
• Compatible with PCI only

Single-Slot Riser Card

• Accommodates short cards (7") only
• Standard config comes with no card installed; a PCI Gigabit Ethernet card and an AGP
video card are available as CTO options for this slot.
• Takes 3.3V, 32-bit/66-MHz cards
• AGP/PCI riser compatible with PCI cards; AGP/AGP riser compatible with AGP cards

Note: Maximum power consumption for all three expansion slots, combined, should not
exceed 45 W.

Tools
No tools are required for this procedure. You may, however, find a flatblade screwdriver
useful in releasing the thumb screw in step 1 below.

Preliminary Steps
Before you begin, open the server and place the bottom housing on a sturdy, flat surface.

Warning: When removing or installing a PCI or AGP card, handle it only by the edges. Do
not touch its connectors or any of the components on the card. Lift the card straight out
from the connector to remove it, and insert it straight into the connector to install it. Do not
rock the card from side to side and don’t force the card into the slot. Once the replacement
card is installed, pull on it gently to check that it is properly connected.

PCI or AGP Card Xserve Take Apart - 9

 Part Location
Card in Single-Slot Riser

Card in Dual-Slot Riser

Procedure for Card in Dual-Slot Riser

1. Release the thumb screw that secures the card fence to the back of the server.

2. Disconnect the riser from the logic board and remove the riser and card from the
server.

10 - Xserve Take Apart PCI or AGP Card

 3. Disconnect the card from the riser.

Procedure for Card in Single-Slot Riser

1. Release the thumb screw that secures the card fence to the back of the server.

PCI or AGP Card Xserve Take Apart - 11

 2. Pull the clip on the riser forward to release the riser from the logic board connector.

3. Disconnect the riser from the logic board and remove the riser and card from the
server.

4. Disconnect the card from the riser.

12 - Xserve Take Apart PCI or AGP Card

 Optical Drive

Tools
The following tools are required for this procedure:
• Flatblade screwdriver
• Phillips screwdriver

If you are removing the drive faceplate, you will also need a jeweler’s (#00) Phillips
screwdriver.

Preliminary Steps
Before you begin, open the server and place the bottom housing on a sturdy, flat surface.

Part Location

Optical Drive Xserve Take Apart - 13

 Procedure
1. Disconnect the optical drive cable from the optical drive.

2. Press in on the drive’s side bracket to release the drive from the chassis.

3. Lift up the bracket side of the drive and remove the drive from the server.

14 - Xserve Take Apart Optical Drive

 Note: If you are replacing the optical drive faceplate, do the following:

4. Open the optical drive tray by inserting a straightened paperclip into the manual eject
hole on the front of the drive.

5. Turn the drive over so the bottom of the drive faces up. Using a small (#00) Phillips
screwdriver, remove the two screws that secure the faceplate.

6. Using a small flat-blade screwdriver, release the latch on the far right end of the
faceplate.

7. Remove the faceplate from the drive.

Optical Drive Xserve Take Apart - 15

 Replacement Note: Before installing the replacement drive, you must transfer the side
bracket and the guide screws from the original drive to the replacement drive.

8. Remove the two screws that secure the side bracket to the original drive.

9. Remove the bracket and transfer it to the replacement drive, using the two screws
from the original drive to secure the bracket.

10. Remove the two guide screws from the side of the original drive and install them on
the replacement drive.

16 - Xserve Take Apart Optical Drive

 11. Align the corner of the replacement drive with the two guides in the chassis and press
the drive down until you hear it snap into place.

12. Reconnect the optical drive cable to the drive.

Optical Drive Xserve Take Apart - 17

 Optical Drive Cable

Tools
No tools are required for this procedure.

Preliminary Steps
Before you begin, open the server and place the bottom housing on a sturdy, flat surface.

Part Location

18 - Xserve Take Apart Optical Drive Cable

 Procedure
≠ 1. Disconnect the optical drive cable from the optical drive.

2. Disconnect the cable from the drive interconnect board and remove the cable from the
server.

Optical Drive Cable Xserve Take Apart - 19

 Heatsink

Tools
The only tool required for removing the heatsink is a Phillips screwdriver.

Preliminary Steps
Before you begin, open the server and place the bottom housing on a sturdy, flat surface.

Part Location

20 - Xserve Take Apart Heatsink

 Procedure
1. Release the latch on the heatsink duct from its slot, slide the cover away from the
blower, and lift the end of the duct as shown. Remove the duct from the server.

2. Release the three captive screws that secure the heatsink.

3. Lift the heatsink straight up and remove it from the server.

Heatsink Xserve Take Apart - 21

 WARNING: Whenever you remove the heatsink, before reinstalling it, you must replace
the thermal grease on the MPU. To replace the grease, do the following:
• Using the alcohol pad included with the replacement part or kit, clean off any used
thermal grease from the MPU and the bottom of the heatsink.
• Using the thermal grease included with the replacement part or kit, apply one dot of
fresh grease to the middle of the MPU (or both MPUs if the server is a dual processor).
• Spread the grease evenly across the MPU(s) to a thickness of approximately 1 mm.

• Carefully align the posts on the heatsink with the holes in the processor card, and
lower the heatsink straight down onto the processor.
• To ensure the grease spreads evenly over the processor, lightly tighten the screws in
the order indicated below.
• Again tighten the screws in the order indicated to affix the heatsink securely to the
processor.

• Replace the heatsink duct on the heatsink.

22 - Xserve Take Apart Heatsink

 Processor

Tools
No tools are required for this procedure.

Preliminary Steps
Before you begin, do the following:
• Open the server and place the bottom housing on a sturdy, flat surface.
• Remove the heatsink.

Part Location

Processor Xserve Take Apart - 23

 Procedure
1. Lift the processor straight up to disconnect it from the logic board.

2. Remove the processor from the server.

24 - Xserve Take Apart Processor

 Blowers

Tools
No tools are required for this procedure.

Preliminary Steps
Before you begin, open the server and place the bottom housing on a sturdy, flat surface.

Part Location

Blowers Xserve Take Apart - 25

 Procedure
1. Disconnect the blower cable from the drive interconnect board.

2. Lift the blower straight up off its mounting pegs and remove it from the server.

26 - Xserve Take Apart Blowers

 ATA Controller Board

Tools
No tools are required for this procedure.

Preliminary Steps
Before you begin, do the following:
• Open the server and place the bottom housing on a sturdy, flat surface.
• Remove the heatsink duct from the heatsink.

Part Location

ATA Controller Board Xserve Take Apart - 27

 Procedure
1. Disconnect the blower cable nearest the ATA controller board.

2. Press in on both ends of the clip securing the right side of the ATA controller board and
remove the clip from the server. Repeat for the clip on the left side of the board.

3. Lift the ATA controller board straight up to disconnect it from the drive interconnect and
logic boards and remove the board from the server.

Note: When replacing the ATA controller board, align it over the two pairs of connectors on
the drive interconnect and logic boards, making sure the “MLB” arrow printed on it points
toward the logic board, and press down.

28 - Xserve Take Apart ATA Controller Board

 Note: When replacing the ATA controller board clips, orient them so that the long end of
each clip points away from the middle of the server. Place the inside edge of the clip into
the small notch and then snap down the outer edge of the clip.

ATA Controller Board Xserve Take Apart - 29

 Locking Mechanism Rod

Tools
No tools are required for this procedure.

Preliminary Steps
Before you begin, open the server and place the bottom housing on a sturdy, flat surface.

Part Location

30 - Xserve Take Apart Locking Mechanism Rod

 Procedure
1. Pull back the latch to release the ribbed end of the locking mechanism rod.

2. Release the two clips on the sides of the front panel board, and pull the board back
slightly from the front of the server.

3. Tilt up the ribbed end of the locking mechanism rod and remove the rod from the
server.

Locking Mechanism Rod Xserve Take Apart - 31

 Note: When replacing the locking mechanism rod, make sure the first rib in the nylon roller
engages with the first slot in the plate below it.

32 - Xserve Take Apart Locking Mechanism Rod

 Front Panel Board

Tools
No tools are required for this procedure.

Preliminary Steps
Before you begin, do the following:
• Open the server and place the bottom housing on a sturdy, flat surface.
• Remove the locking mechanism.

Part Location

Front Panel Board Xserve Take Apart - 33

 Procedure
1. Disconnect the FireWire and front panel board cables from the board.

2. Lift the board out of the server.

34 - Xserve Take Apart Front Panel Board

 Light Pipe

Tools
No tools are required for this procedure.

Preliminary Steps
Before you begin, open the server and place the bottom housing on a sturdy, flat surface.

Part Location

Light Pipe Xserve Take Apart - 35

 Procedure
1. Release the two clips on the sides of the front panel board, and pull the board back
approximately 1.5 inches from the front of the server.

2. Remove the light pipe from the server.

Replacement Note: When repositioning the light pipe against the inside front of the
bezel, make sure the projections on the light pipe fit into the holes in the bezel. Then slide
the panel board forward until it fits against the light pipe. Note: You may need to lift the
light pipe slightly while sliding the front panel board, so that it doesn’t catch the edge of the
light pipe.

36 - Xserve Take Apart Light Pipe

 Front Panel Board Cable

Tools
No tools are required for this procedure.

Preliminary Steps
Before you begin, open the server and place the bottom housing on a sturdy, flat surface.

Part Location

Front Panel Board Cable Xserve Take Apart - 37

 Procedure
1. Disconnect the front panel board cable from the front panel board.

2. Disconnect the front panel board cable from the drive interconnect board and remove
the cable from the server.

38 - Xserve Take Apart Front Panel Board Cable

 FireWire Cable

Tools
No tools are required for this procedure.

Preliminary Steps
Before you begin, open the server and place the bottom housing on a sturdy, flat surface.

Part Location

FireWire Cable Xserve Take Apart - 39

 Procedure
1. Disconnect the FireWire cable from the front panel board.

2. Disconnect the FireWire cable from the drive interconnect board and remove the cable
from the server.

40 - Xserve Take Apart FireWire Cable

 Drive Interconnect Board

Tools
No tools are required for this procedure. You may, however, find a Phillips screwdriver
useful in releasing the thumb screws in step 2 below.

Preliminary Steps
Before you begin, open the server and remove the following:
• hard drives (blank drive carriers can remain in place)
• blowers
• ATA controller board

Part Location

Drive Interconnect Board Xserve Take Apart - 41

 Procedure
1. Disconnect the following cables from the drive interconnect board
• optical drive cable
• power supply cable
• locking switch cable
• front panel board cable
• FireWire cable

2. Release the three thumb screws that secure the drive interconnect board to the
chassis.

3. Lift the board slightly to clear the two mounting pegs near both ends of the board.

4. Pull the board back, tilt it up so that the connectors clear the chassis, and remove the
board from the server.

42 - Xserve Take Apart Drive Interconnect Board

 Power Supply

Tools
No tools are required for this procedure.

Preliminary Steps
Before you begin, do the following:
• Open the server and place the bottom housing on a sturdy, flat surface.
• Remove the heatsink duct from the heatsink.

Part Location

Power Supply Xserve Take Apart - 43

 Procedure
1. Release the locking latch on the power supply cable connector and disconnect the
cable from the drive interconnect board.

2. Release the thumbscrew that secures the power supply to the chassis.

Note: The thumbscrew is captive; you cannot remove it.

3. Grasp the metal flange of the power supply’s connector (on the left side) and lift up to
disconnect the power supply from the logic board.

Note: You may need to loosen the left side of the power supply and then lift at
another point near the front to disengage it. Do not lift the small lip that contains the
thumbscrew.

4. Holding the power supply in both hands, remove it from the server.

44 - Xserve Take Apart Power Supply

 Battery

Tools
No tools are required for this procedure. You may, however, find a flatblade screwdriver
useful in prying up the battery in step 1 below.

Preliminary Steps
Before you begin, open the server and place the bottom housing on a sturdy, flat surface.

Part Location

Battery Xserve Take Apart - 45

 Procedure
1. Pry up the battery from its holder.

Note: You may first need to spread the two tabs on the holder slightly apart to
release the battery.

2. Remove the battery from the server.

Note: When replacing the battery, make sure the positive (+) end of the battery aligns with
the + symbol on the battery holder.

46 - Xserve Take Apart Battery

 Logic Board

Tools
No tools are required for this procedure. You may, however, find a Phillips screwdriver
useful in releasing the thumb screw in step 1 below.

Preliminary Steps
Before you begin, open the server and remove the following.
• DIMMs
• PCI cards
• heatsink
• processor
• ATA controller board
• power supply

Note: The replacement logic board does not include the processor, memory DIMMs, or
expansion cards. You must transfer these modules from the original board to the new one.

Part Location

Logic Board Xserve Take Apart - 47

 Procedure
1. Release the thumb screw that secures the logic board to the chassis.

2. Move the logic board forward and up slightly to release it from the four mounting pegs.

3. Tilt up the end of the logic board nearest the blowers so that the board ports clear the
chassis.

4. Remove the board from the server.

Replacement Note: Before installing the replacement logic board, check the heatsink
thermal pad on the underside of the board. If the pad is covered with a protective film,
remove it. (The protective film is a very thin layer on top of the thermal pad. Be careful to
remove only the film, not the pad.)

48 - Xserve Take Apart Logic Board

 When replacing the logic board, make sure the ports and the identifier button on the back
of the board align with the openings in the chassis.

After installing a replacement logic board, be sure to transfer any PCI cards, risers, and
DIMMs to the new board. You must also remove the battery insulator tab from the battery
holder on the new board.

Note: Replacing the logic board in the server changes its Ethernet ID number. The new
number is printed on an Ethernet ID label packaged with the replacement logic board.
After installing the new logic board, cover the Ethernet ID number on the server’s serial
number with the new ID label.

Logic Board Xserve Take Apart - 49

 ð Service Source

Troubleshooting
Xserve

© 2002 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved.

 General Information

What’s New

Rack-Mounted Server
Xserve is designed to be mounted in a rack. Once the server is installed in the rack, you
can slide it open from the front to exchange or add parts.

For more information, see “Opening the Server” in the Take Apart chapter.

Server Identifier Light/Button

The identifier light on the server’s front panel turns on when internal sensors or a systems
administrator detects a problem with the server. The light can also be turned on by
pressing the identifier button. This indicator will help you locate which server in a rack
needs servicing. Note: A duplicate identifier light/button is on the server’s back panel.

Hot-Pluggable ATA Drives

Xserve includes four hard drive bays at the front of the server, each of which supports a
hot-pluggable ATA/100 drive module available only from Apple. You can replace or install
hard drives while the server is running; you do not need to shut down or open the server
first. A status light on the front of each drive indicates when it is safe to remove the drive
without losing data. For more information, see “Hard Drive” in the Take Apart chapter.

Drive bays are numbered 1–4, beginning with the far left bay. The bay in which a drive is
installed determines its master/slave position, thereby eliminating the need for jumpers or
special drive configuration. The drive installed in bay 1 is the master drive and should have
the operating system installed on it.

Diagnostics
Four types of diagnostics are available for Xserve:
• status lights
• remote monitoring
• Apple Hardware Test
• Apple Service Diagnostic

For more information, see “Diagnostic Tools” below.

General Information Xserve Troubleshooting - 1

 DDR Memory
The server’s logic board includes four memory slots, which accept double data rate (DDR)
SDRAM DIMMs. Memory can be expanded to a maximum of 2 gigabytes.

DIMMs used in Xserve must fit these specifications:

• PC2100 DDR SDRAM (also called DDR-266)
• 2.5 volt
• 64-bit wide, 184-pin module
• unbuffered (do not use registered or buffered DRAM)
• maximum height of 1.3 inches

Important: DIMMs from older Macintosh computers are not compatible with Xserve. Do
not use older DIMMs even if they fit into the DIMM slots.

Ports
The standard configuration of Xserve includes the following ports on the back panel: one
or two gigabit Ethernet ports, two FireWire ports, two USB ports, a serial port that
supports RS-232 or RS-422 connection, and a VGA monitor port. There is also one
FireWire port on the front of the server.

System administrators or service providers can connect a laptop computer or terminal to

the serial port and then use command-line tools to change settings on the server. The
connection requires a serial cable with these specifications:
• DB9 connector
• 8-bit
• no parity
• 1 stop bit
• 9600 kbps

Note: For a diagram of the ports location, see “External Views” in the Views chapter.

PCI and AGP Cards

There are three slots available for PCI expansion cards. Two slots are on a riser card
located at the back left corner of the logic board; an additional slot is on a riser card at the
back right corner of the logic board. A PCI card that is 7 inches long can be installed in
either riser card; a PCI card that is 12 inches long can be installed only in the dual-slot
riser. In addition, an AGP card can be installed in the single-slot riser.

The standard configuration comes with a VGA video card installed in the bottom slot of the
dual-slot riser and a gigabit Ethernet card installed in the single-slot AGP/PCI riser. A high-
end AGP video card is available as a CTO option; it replaces the gigabit Ethernet PCI card
in the single-slot riser position and requires a special AGP/AGP riser card.

Note: Maximum power consumption for the three expansion slots, combined, should not
exceed 45 W.

2 - Xserve Troubleshooting General Information

 Block Diagram

Processor Module

L3 Cache PowerPC G4
Microprocessor

Main Logic Board

133 MHz
Max bus
DIMM Slots Ethernet
Ethernet Port
PHY
133 MHz U2
Memory Bus memory Firewire Firewire Port 1
controller PHY
U2PCI
and Firewire Port 2
Memory
bus bridge
Controller Firewire Firewire Port 3
and PCI PHY
Network Card Slot Bus Bridge

Boot PCI Slots

ROM

64-Bit 33 MHz PCI Bus PCI

Bridge
PCI
Bridge

ATA-100 ATA-100
Interface Interface
USB Port 1
USB Port 2

KeyLargo
Apple Drive Module I/O Device Serial Port
Connectors and Disk
Controller
Internal Optical
EIDE PMU99
Drive Connector
Bus Power
Controller

General Information Xserve Troubleshooting - 3

 Resetting the PMU on the Logic Board
The PMU (Power Management Unit) is a microcontroller chip that controls all power
functions for the server. The PMU is a computer within a computer. Its function is to:
• tell the server to turn on, turn off, sleep, wake, idle, etc.
• manage system resets from various commands.
• maintain parameter RAM (PRAM).
• manage the real-time clock.

Important: Be very careful when handling the logic board. The PMU is very sensitive and
touching the circuitry on the logic board can cause the PMU to crash. If the PMU crashes
and is not reset, the battery life goes from about five years to about two days.

Note: For the location of the PMU reset button, see “Logic Board Diagram” in the Views
chapter.

Many system problems can be resolved by resetting the PMU chip. When you have a
server that fails to power up, follow this procedure before replacing any modules:

1. Disconnect the power cord and check the battery in the battery holder. The battery
should read 3.3 to 3.7 volts. If the battery is bad, replace it, wait ten seconds, and then
proceed to step 2. If the battery is good, go directly to step 2.

2. Press the PMU reset button once and then proceed to step 3. Do not press the PMU
reset button a second time because it could crash the PMU chip.

3. Wait ten seconds before connecting the power cord and powering on the server. If the
server powers on, go to step 4. If the server does not power on, there is something
else wrong with it; refer to the “System” section of “Symptom Charts” in this chapter.

4. Run Apple Hardware Test to verify the system.

Note: The above procedure resets the server’s PRAM. After resetting the PMU, be sure to
reset the time, date, and other system parameter settings.

4 - Xserve Troubleshooting General Information

 Power Supply Verification
To power on, the server’s logic board requires a “trickle” power of +5V. If the system fails to
power on, first reset the PMU. Then follow the procedure outlined below to determine
whether the problem is related to the power supply.

Note: To verify the power supply, you need a volt meter. When connecting the volt meter
leads to specific pins, make sure the power supply remains securely plugged into its
connector on the logic board.

The following figure shows the pins and voltage on the server’s power supply connector,
as viewed from above when it is connected to the logic board.

Pin 1 +12VDC +12VDC Pin 13

Pin 2 GND GND Pin 14

Pin 3 +12VDC GND Pin 15

Pin 4 +5VDC GND Pin 16

Pin 5 +5VDC GND Pin 17

Pin 6 +5VDC GND Pin 18

Pin 7 +3.3VDC GND Pin 19

Pin 8 +3.3VDC GND Pin 20

Pin 9 +3.3VDC GND Pin 21

Pin 10 -12VDC GND Pin 22

Pin 11 Power On GND Pin 23

Pin 12 +5VSB GND Pin 24

1. Plug a known-good power cord into the server. Do not turn on the server.

2. Connect the black lead of the volt meter to pin 14 of the power supply connector;
connect the red lead of the volt meter to pin 1. The volt meter should measure
approximately +12V.

If you do not get a reading of +12V, recheck the volt meter connections and measure
the voltage again. If voltage is still not present, replace the power supply.

If you do measure +12V on pin 1, the power supply is likely OK. Go to the next step
for further verification.

3. Start up the server by pressing the power button on the front panel.

If the server starts up normally, the power supply is OK. If the server does not start
up, go to the next step.

General Information Xserve Troubleshooting - 5

 4. Check to see if the power supply fan is spinning.

If the fan spins, the power supply is OK. If the fan does not spin, go to the next step.

5. Connect the black lead of the volt meter to pin 14 of the power supply connector;
connect the red lead to pin 9. The volt meter should measure approximately +3.3V.

If you do not get a reading of +3.3V, recheck the volt meter connections and measure
the voltage again. If voltage is still not present, replace the power supply.

If you do measure +3.3V on pin 9, the power supply is likely OK. Go to the next step
for further verification.

6. Connect the black lead of the volt meter to pin 14 of the power supply connector;
connect the red lead to pin 4. The volt meter should measure approximately +5V.

If you do not get a reading of +5V, recheck the volt meter connections and measure
the voltage again. If voltage is still not present, replace the power supply.

If you do measure +5V on pin 4, the power supply is likely OK. Go to the next step for
further verification.

7. Connect the black lead of the volt meter to pin 14 of the power supply connector;
connect the red lead to pin 3. The volt meter should measure approximately +12V.

If you do not get a reading of +12V, recheck the volt meter connections and measure
the voltage again. If voltage is still not present, replace the power supply.

If you do measure +12V on pin 3, the power supply is OK and the testing is complete.
You have verified that the power supply is not the cause of the “no apparent power”
symptom.

RAM and Processor Verification: Power-On Self Test

A power-on self test in the server’s ROM automatically runs whenever the server is started
up after being fully shut down (the test does not run if the server is only restarted). If the
test detects a problem, you will not see a normal sequence of system activity lights on the
front panel during startup. Instead, the lights will flash in the following ways:
• 2 Flashes: No RAM is installed or detected.
• 3 Flashes: Incompatible RAM types are installed.
• 4 Flashes: No RAM banks passed memory testing.
• 5 Flashes: No good boot images are detected in the boot ROM (and/or there is a bad
sys config block).
• 6 Flashes: The processor is not usable.

Diagnostic Tools
Xserve includes built-in sensors that detect and report on hard drives, internal temper-
ature, blower status or failure, and power status or failure. You can monitor the server’s
operation via these sensors and four diagnostic tools: indicator lights on the front of the
server, remote monitoring software, Apple Hardware Test, or Apple Service Diagnostic.

6 - Xserve Troubleshooting General Information

 Status Lights
The server’s status lights are shown in the figure and table below.

Ethernet Card
Link Light

System Identifier System

Button/Light Activity Lights
Enclosure Lock

Power Button /Light

Built-In Drive Module Status Light

Ethernet Drive Module Activity Light
Link Light

Table 1: Status Lights

Indicator Color Description

Power White On and OK

Security lock Yellow Lock is engaged

System identifier Yellow Indicates a hardware error in the server or

that someone has toggled it on; check the
server monitoring application for more
information

Ethernet Green Link

(lower LED is No light No connection
built-in; upper LED
is network card)
System activity Blue Two rows of eight LEDs; in server with one
processor, rows of lights work in tandem; in
dual-processor server, rows operate
independently for each processor

Drive module Green Powered and running

(upper LED) Yellow Warning condition; replace drive
Red Problem or failure; replace drive

Drive module No light Drive can be removed

(lower LED) Blinking blue Disk activity; do not remove drive

General Information Xserve Troubleshooting - 7

 Remote Monitoring
Server Monitor is an application installed with Xserve system software that helps you
monitor the following information about the server:
• installed operating system
• drive status and activity
• power supply operation
• enclosure and processor temperature
• blower operation
• security
• network operation

You can also use Server Monitor to get logs of activity and Apple System Profiler reports
on remote servers.

Apple Hardware Test

Apple Hardware Test is a diagnostic tool for detecting problems with Apple internal
hardware components such as logic board, memory, video RAM, and drives. The test
does not check externally connected hardware components such as USB or FireWire
devices; it also does not check non-Apple devices such as third-party PCI cards.

If Apple Hardware Test detects a problem with a computer, it displays an error code, which
is defined in the product's Error Code List. Consult the list for appropriate repair
procedures associated with the code.

8 - Xserve Troubleshooting General Information

 All Error Code Lists are included in the Service Diagnostics Matrix, Knowledge Base
article 112125. You can also access this matrix by clicking the Service Diagnostics rollover
link under any of the product areas on the Service Source homepage.

Apple Service Diagnostic

Apple Service Diagnostic replaces MacTest Pro for Xserve. It tests memory, logic board
and components, hard drives, Ethernet cards, and video cards, and complements both
Apple Hardware Test and Server Monitor. In addition, it offers the following advantages:
• many choices for selecting tests
• a looping function where tests can be run once, a specified number of times, or a
specified length of time. The looping function is valuable for detecting intermittent
problems that take a long time to generate a failure.
• detailed information about errors

Apple Service Diagnostic can be dowloaded from the Disc Images rollover link on the
Service Source homepage.

General Information Xserve Troubleshooting - 9

 Symptom Charts

How to Use the Symptom Charts

The Symptom Charts included in this chapter will help you diagnose specific symptoms
related to the product. Because cures are listed on the charts in the order of most likely
solution, try the cures in the order presented. Verify whether or not the product continues
to exhibit the symptom. If the symptom persists, try the next cure.

Note: If a cure instructs you to replace a module, reinstall the original module before you
proceed to the next cure.

Startup

System is completely dead (no blower movement and power LED is not lit)
1. Verify the power outlet is good.

2. Reseat the ATA controller board.

3. Replace the power cord.

4. Disconnect external devices, including the monitor, and start up the server.

5. Remove internal PCI and AGP cards and start up the server.

6. Verify that the power supply is properly connected to the logic board and drive
interconnect board.

7. Verify the front panel board cable is properly connected at both ends.

8. Reseat the front panel board.

9. Verify all cable connections to the drive interconnect board.

10. Replace the power supply.

11. Replace the ATA controller board.

12. Replace the front panel board cable.

13. Replace the front panel board.

14. Replace the drive interconnect board.

15. Replace the logic board. Note: When installing the new logic board, make sure the
ports and ID button on the back of the board align with the openings in the chassis.

10 - Xserve Troubleshooting Startup Symptom Charts

 Memory error message appears on the screen
1. Reseat the DIMMs.

2. Verify that only DDR-266 SDRAM DIMMs are installed.

3. Run Apple Hardware Test. If the test finds bad memory, replace the DIMMs one at a
time and test until all bad DIMMs are replaced with known-good modules.

Flashing question mark appears on the screen

1. Reseat the drive module in the first drive bay.

2. Start up from the system restore CD and check to see if the hard drive shows up on
the desktop. If it does, go to step 3. If it does not, go to step 5.

3. Run Disk Utility. Update the driver and restart the server.

4. Reinstall system software using the system restore CD that came with the server.

5. Replace the drive module in the first drive bay.

6. Replace the ATA controller board.

Server begins to power up, the blowers and hard drive are spinning, the
power LED is lit, but there are no activity lights or video
1. Reset the logic board. Refer to “Resetting the PMU on the Logic Board” in this
chapter.

2. Reseat the processor module.

3. Verify all PCI and AGP cards are seated properly.

4. Replace the processor module.

5. Replace the logic board. Note: When installing the new logic board, make sure the
ports and ID button on the back of the board align with the openings in the chassis.

System shuts down intermittently

1. Make sure the power cord is plugged in firmly.

2. Check that the power source is turned on and the correct voltage is present.

3. Make sure the air vents are clear.

4. Replace the power cord.

5. Check that the blower cables are connected and the blowers are operational.

6. Check that the heatsink is properly attached to the processor.

7. Reset the logic board. Refer to “Resetting the PMU on the Logic Board” in this
chapter.

8. Replace the power supply.

Startup Symptom Charts Xserve Troubleshooting - 11

 9. Replace the logic board. Note: When installing the new logic board, make sure the
ports and ID button on the back of the board align with the openings in the chassis.

System shuts down almost immediately after startup

1. Reset the logic board. Refer to “Resetting the PMU on the Logic Board” in this
chapter.

2. Replace the processor module.

3. Replace the power supply.

4. Replace the logic board. Note: When installing the new logic board, make sure the
ports and ID button on the back of the board align with the openings in the chassis.

12 - Xserve Troubleshooting Startup Symptom Charts

 Error Lights
Note: Error lights flash before system software loads.

Server activity lights flash two times at startup

Two flashes mean that no RAM is installed or detected.

1. If no DIMM is present, install a known-good DIMM in the top slot and try again.

2. Reseat the DIMMs.

3. Run Apple Hardware Test. If the test finds bad memory, replace the DIMMs one at a
time and test until all bad DIMMs are replaced with known-good modules.

4. Replace the logic board. Note: When installing the new logic board, make sure the
ports and ID button on the back of the board align with the openings in the chassis.

Server activity lights flash three times at startup

Three flashes mean that incompatible RAM types may be installed. Verify that only DDR-
266 SDRAM DIMMs are installed.

1. Run Apple Hardware Test. If the test finds bad memory, replace the DIMMs one at a
time and test until all bad DIMMs are replaced with known-good modules.

2. Replace the logic board. Note: When installing the new logic board, make sure the
ports and ID button on the back of the board align with the openings in the chassis.

Server activity lights flash four times at startup

Four flashes mean that no RAM banks passed memory testing.

1. Run Apple Hardware Test. If the test finds bad memory, replace the DIMMs one at a
time and test until all bad DIMMs are replaced with known-good modules.
2. Replace the logic board. Note: When installing the new logic board, make sure the
ports and ID button on the back of the board align with the openings in the chassis.

Server activity lights flash five or six times at startup

Five or six flashes mean that the ROM is probably bad and cannot be fixed.

1. Reseat the processor module.

2. Replace the processor module.

3. Replace the logic board. Note: When installing the new logic board, make sure the
ports and ID button on the back of the board align with the openings in the chassis.

Error Lights Symptom Charts Xserve Troubleshooting - 13

 Video

Screen is black, but activity lights flash at startup, drive operates, blowers are
running, and power LED is lit
1. Reseat the ATA controller board.

2. Check video card connections and connector pins.

3. Test with a known-good monitor. Replace the monitor, if necessary.

4. Remove all third-party devices.

5. Reseat the video card.

6. Clear parameter RAM. Hold down Command-Option-P-R during startup.

7. Reset the logic board. Refer to “Resetting the PMU on the Logic Board” in this
chapter.

8. Replace the video card.

9. Replace the logic board. Note: When installing the new logic board, make sure the
ports and ID button on the back of the board align with the openings in the chassis.

Screen is black, power LED is lit, blowers spin, activity lights do not flash, and
drives do not operate
1. Reset the logic board. Refer to “Resetting the PMU on the Logic Board” in this
chapter.

2. Reseat the processor module.

3. Replace the processor module.

4. Replace the logic board. Note: When installing the new logic board, make sure the
ports and ID button on the back of the board align with the openings in the chassis.

Video is distorted
1. Make sure that the video card driver and firmware are updated to the most recent
versions.

2. Refer to the adjustments section of the service manual or owner’s manual for the
monitor. Adjust monitor as necessary.

3. Third-party monitors: Try a known-good monitor.

4. Reseat the video card.

5. Replace the video card.

14 - Xserve Troubleshooting Video Symptom Charts

 Hard Drive

Flashing question mark appears on the screen

1. Reseat the drive module in the first drive bay.

2. Start up from the system restore CD and check to see if the hard drive shows up on
the desktop. If it does, go to step 3. If it does not, go to step 5.

3. Run Disk Utility. Update the driver and restart the server.

4. Reinstall system software using the system restore CD that came with the server.

5. Replace the drive module in the first drive bay.

6. Replace the ATA controller board.

Hard Drive Symptom Charts Xserve Troubleshooting - 15

 CD Drive

CD drive tray won’t open

1. If the server is locked, unlock it.

2. Reseat the optical drive cable at both connectors.

3. Try using a known-good disc.

4. Replace the CD drive.

CD drive icon does not appear on the desktop

1. If the server is locked, unlock it.

2. Check to see if the CD drive is listed in Apple System Profiler. If it is, go to step 3. If it
is not, go to step 8.

3. Try using a known-good disc.

4. If there is a disc stuck in the tray, eject it by restarting the server while holding down
the mouse button. Or eject the disc using the manual eject hole.

5. Turn off all third-party extensions.

6. Verify the firmware is the most recent version for that drive. Check Software
Downloads for any current update.

7. Reinstall system software.

8. Reseat the optical drive cable at both connectors.

9. Replace the CD drive.

10. Replace the logic board only if other devices on the bus do not work. Note: When
installing the new logic board, make sure the ports and ID button on the back of the
board align with the openings in the chassis.

16 - Xserve Troubleshooting Hard Drive Symptom Charts

 USB Devices
At startup, cursor does not move with the Apple mouse
1. If the server is locked, unlock it.

2. Verify that mouse and keyboard connections are secure.

3. If the mouse is connected to the keyboard, connect the mouse to one of the USB ports
on the back panel instead. If the mouse works, replace the keyboard.

4. Replace the mouse.

5. If the mouse is connected to one of the USB ports on the back panel, switch to the
other USB port. If the mouse operates correctly, the first port was bad. Replace the
logic board. (You can also use Apple System Profiler to verify USB ports.) Note: When
installing the new logic board, make sure the ports and ID button on the back of the
board align with the openings in the chassis.

No response to any key on keyboard

1. If the server is locked, unlock it.

2. Verify that keyboard and mouse connections are secure.

3. Remove all USB devices, except the keyboard and mouse. If the keyboard operates
correctly, troubleshoot the other USB devices.

4. Switch the keyboard to a different USB port. If the keyboard operates correctly, the
first port was bad. Replace the logic board. (You can also use Apple System Profiler to
verify USB ports.)

5. Relaunch Finder.

6. Start up from the system installation CD or system restore CD that came with the
server. If the keyboard operates, reinstall system software.
7. Replace the keyboard.

8. Replace the logic board. Note: When installing the new logic board, make sure the
ports and ID button on the back of the board align with the openings in the chassis.

USB Devices Symptom Charts Xserve Troubleshooting - 17

 FireWire Devices
FireWire device connected to port on back panel: No external FireWire device
icon appears on the desktop
1. If the server is locked, unlock it.

2. Verify that the FireWire device is turned on and the FireWire cable is securely
connected to the device and the server.

3. If the device requires external power, make sure it is plugged in.

4. Check that the FireWire device is listed in Apple System Profiler. If it is, go to step 5. If
it is not, go to step 6.

5. Check the FireWire device documentation to see if additional drivers are required. If
so, make sure the drivers are installed.

6. Check for broken pins, dust, dirt, or wear on both FireWire cable connectors, the
device FireWire port, and the server FireWire port.

7. Reconnect the FireWire device to another FireWire port on the server. If the server
has a bad FireWire port, replace the logic board.

8. Replace the FireWire cable.

9. Replace the FireWire device.

10. Replace the logic board. Note: When installing the new logic board, make sure the
ports and ID button on the back of the board align with the openings in the chassis.

FireWire device connected to port on front panel: No external FireWire

device icon appears on the desktop
1. If the server is locked, unlock it.

2. Verify that the FireWire device is turned on and the FireWire cable is securely
connected to the device and the server.
3. If the device requires external power, make sure it is plugged in.

4. Check that the FireWire device is listed in Apple System Profiler. If it is, go to step 5. If
it is not, go to step 6.

5. Check the FireWire device documentation to see if additional drivers are required. If
so, make sure the drivers are installed.

6. Check for broken pins, dust, dirt, or wear on both FireWire cable connectors, the
device FireWire port, and the server FireWire port.

7. Reconnect the FireWire device to one of the two FireWire ports on the back panel. If
the front FireWire port is bad, reseat the FireWire cable on the front panel board and
the interconnect board. Replace front panel board. Replace internal FireWire cable.

8. Replace the FireWire cable.

9. Replace the FireWire device.

18 - Xserve Troubleshooting FireWire Devices Symptom Charts

 Network Problems

Server cannot be seen on network

1. Open the Network system preference and select the Ethernet option. Verify that you
can now see devices on the network.

2. Boot the server from the Net-install CD. Go to another computer on the same subnet
and start Server Assistant. If the server can be seen, the server hardware should be
functioning correctly. Check the software configuration on the server, or reinstall and
reconfigure the server.

3. Try a known-good Ethernet cable.

4. Clear parameter RAM. Hold down Command-Option-P-R during startup.

5. Try connecting to a known-good Ethernet port at the wall or external hub.

6. Verify that other users are experiencing the same problem. If so, contact the network
administrator.

7. If connected to an Ethernet card, reseat the card.

8. If connected to an Ethernet card, replace the card.

9. Replace the logic board. Note: When installing the new logic board, make sure the
ports and ID button on the back of the board align with the openings in the chassis.

Network Problems Symptom Charts Xserve Troubleshooting - 19

 Miscellaneous

ID buttons/lights on the back and front of the server are always on, even
though Server Monitor reports no problems
Make sure the ports and ID button on the back of the logic board align correctly with the
openings in the chassis.

Security light on the front of the server is always on, even though the server is
unlocked
Make sure the metal locking switch at the front of the server is not bent downward. If it is,
bend it back to its orginal position, as shown below.

20 - Xserve Troubleshooting Miscellaneous Symptom Charts

Miscellaneous Symptom Charts Xserve Troubleshooting - 21
 ð Service Source

Views
Xserve

© 2002 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Internal Views

Exploded View

Battery
922-4028
Logic Board
661-2660
Dual-Slot Riser Card Gigabit Ethernet Card
922-5140 661-2677
Video Card, PCI AGP/PCI Single-Slot Riser Card
661-2679 922-5166
AGP/AGP Single-Slot Riser Card
922-5250

DIMM Slots (4) Power Supply

256 MB DDR 661-2664
DIMM
661-2658 1 GHz Uni Processor
512 MB DDR 661-2661
DIMM
661-2659
Drive
Blowers Interconnect
922-5268 Board
922-5167

FireWire Cable
922-5152

CD Drive
661-2663
Optical Drive Cable
922-5151
ATA Controller Board
922-5144
Front Panel Board Front Panel Board Cable
922-5141 922-5153
60 GB Hard Drive Module
661-2654
120 GB Hard Drive Module
661-2655

Internal Views Xserve Views - 1

 Logic Board Diagram

Serial USB FireWire Ethernet

Port Ports Ports Port

Dual-Slot Riser
Connector

Single-
Slot
Riser
Connector
PMU
Reset
Button

DIMM Power
Slots Supply
Connector

Processor Connector

Bridge Board Connectors

2 - Xserve Views Internal Views

 External Views

Front Panel

Ethernet Card CD Drive

Link Light Open Button
FireWire Port

System Identifier System

Button/Light Activity Lights
Enclosure Lock

Power Button /Light

CD Drive

Apple Drive Modules Bays (4)

Securing Built-In Drive Module Status Light

Thumbscrews (2) Ethernet Drive Module Activity Light
Link Light

Back Panel

System Identifier Button/Light

Gigabit Ethernet Port(s) PCI Card

Expansion Slots (3)

Power Socket

FireWire Ports (2) Monitor Port

USB Ports (2) Serial Console Port

External Views Xserve Views - 3

 ð Service Source

Verification of Basic Services

Xserve

© 2002 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved.

 How to Start Up From CD

Starting up Xserve from a CD-ROM disc is useful when you need to:
• install the server's operating system
• install a software component
• isolate hardware versus software issues

Preliminary Steps
To start up the server from a CD, you must have physical access to it. You cannot do this
remotely. If you need to start up Xserve using a connected keyboard, you must connect
both a keyboard and monitor before beginning.

Procedure
1. Make sure Xserve is turned off.

2. Turn on Xserve. Quickly eject the CD tray. Insert the Installation CD, and close the CD
tray. Try to perform these steps as quickly as possible.

3. Turn off Xserve.

4. Turn on Xserve again.

5. Press and hold the 'Service ID' button on the front panel of the server until it begins to
start up from the CD. This may take more than 5 seconds.
6. If these steps have worked, Xserve should start up from the CD, and the Installer
Setup assistant should open. Follow the remaining steps only if the server did not start
up in Step 5.

7. Turn off Xserve, and connect a keyboard and monitor to the server.

8. Turn on Xserve while holding down the 'C' key on the keyboard. Xserve should start
up with the CD and the Installer Setup assistant should open.

How to Start Up From CD Xserve Verification of Basic Services - 2

 How to Verify the Server's IP
and Hardware (MAC) Address

Verifying the server’s IP and hardware address is useful as a first step in remote software
installation or to verify Xserve hardware and basic network connectivity.

Preliminary Steps
Make sure that the server you want to remotely install software on is started up from the
Installation CD.

Procedure

Option A (Server Assistant)

1. Open Server Assistant from Admin system.

2. Select the "Install Mac OS X Server SW" option. The "remote installation" screen
should appear with a list of all Xserve servers in the subnet.

3. Select the target Xserve from the list. Important: You will need the first 8 characters of
the server's serial number in order to authenticate from this screen.

Option B (Terminal)
1. Open the Terminal application (Applications/Utilities).
2. Type: cd/System/Library/ServerSetup

3. Press Return.

4. Type: ./sa_srchr 224.0.0.1

5. Press Return. The target Xserve's IP address, hardware (MAC) address, and DNS
name (if applicable) should appear.

3 - Xserve Verification of Basic Services How to Verify the Server's IP and Hardware (MAC) Address
 How to Discover Xserve on
Your Network

Follow the steps outlined below to remotely administer Xserve.

Note: This procedure verifies basic connectivity to Xserve, which can help isolate
hardware versus software issues.

Preliminary Steps
Make sure that you are doing these steps on an Admin computer with Mac OS X 10.1.5
Server or Mac OS X 10.1.5 remote admin utilities. You must be logged in to that computer
with an Admin account. Also, make sure that the server you want to remotely discover is
started up from the Installer CD.

Procedure

Option A
If you already know your Xserve's IP address you can quickly verify network connectivity
by using the following command from a remote admin system using the Terminal
application:

ping 17.XXX.XXX.XXX (the X characters represent numerical IP addresses)

Or

ping <yourserver.yourdomainname.yourdomainextension>

Your domain extension will resemble something like: .com, .edu, .org

Option B
If you wish to automatically discover your Xserve using the Server Assistant, follow these
steps:

1. Open Server Assistant from a remote admin computer.

2. Select the "Install Mac OS X Server Software" option. The "Remote installation"
screen appears. All Xserve computers on the same TCP/IP subnet appear in a list
format.

3. Select the appropriate Xserve.

How to Discover Xserve on Your Network Xserve Verification of Basic Services - 4

 Note: To continue, the first 8 characters of the Xserve serial number are required to
authenticate. The password is case-sensitive. If you encounter difficulty using this
password please see technical document 61644: "Xserve: Initial Password Is Case
Sensitive".

Option C
As an alternative to using Server Assistant, the following procedure may be performed
using the Terminal application.

1. Open the Terminal application on the Admin computer.

2. Type: cd/System/Library/ServerSetup

3. Press Return.

4. Type: ./sa_srchr 224.0.0.1

5. Press Return.

6. Verify that Xserve shows its correct IP address, hardware (MAC) address, and DNS
name (if applicable).

5 - Xserve Verification of Basic Services How to Discover Xserve on Your Network

 How to Check for Local Hard
Drive Issues

Follow the steps outlined below if you suspect issues with Xserve's hard disk, and you
have physical access to the server.

Preliminary Steps
In order to follow these steps, you must have physical access to Xserve. You cannot
perform this procedure remotely. A keyboard and monitor must be connected to the server
before you begin. If you wish to check the startup disk (or volume), you must start up
Xserve from its Installation CD first, then open Disk Utility from the first Installation screen.

Procedure
1. Log in to Xserve using the connected keyboard and monitor.

2. Open Disk First Aid, which is located in /Applications/Utilities.

3. Select the volume you wish to examine.

Note: You cannot select the startup volume unless you started up the server from
the Installation CD.

4. Click Verify to check the disk.

5. If there were any issues found by Disk First Aid, answer 'y' to any prompts presented.
6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 until no issues are reported. If Disk First Aid reports the same
error(s) after repeating the process, you should reformat the hard disk.

Warning: Reformatting or reinitializing the hard disk erases all information stored on it.
Make sure you have a backup of all files you may have created and any preinstalled
software that came with Xserve.

How to Check for Local Hard Drive Issues Xserve Verification of Basic Services - 6
 How to Remotely Check for
Hard Drive Issues

Follow the steps outlined below if you suspect issues with Xserve's hard disk, and you do
not have physical access to the server.

Preliminary Steps
You must have the server's IP address and Admin (or root) password before performing
this procedure. Xserve's default password is the first 8 characters of its serial number.

Procedure
1. Log in to Xserve.

2. Type: mount

3. Press Return. A list of volumes that are available to the file system appears. Look for
the volume that is at the root level "/". This is the server's startup volume, or
"/dev/rdisk0s10".

4. Type: fsck_hsf -n <insert startup volume path>

For example: fsck_hsf -n /dev/rdisk0s10

5. Press Return. A file system check is performed. This is basically the equivalent of
using Disk First Aid.

6. If "fsck" finds any issues, type 'y' to continue.

7. Repeat steps 4 through 6 until "fsck" finds no errors. If "fsck" reports the same error(s)
after repeating the process, you should reformat the hard disk.

Warning: Reformatting or reinitializing the hard disk erases all information stored on it.
Make sure you have a backup of all files you may have created and any preinstalled
software that came with Xserve

7 - Xserve Verification of Basic Services How to Remotely Check for Hard Drive Issues
 How to Erase (Reformat) a Local
Xserve Hard Drive

Follow the steps outlined below if you wish to reformat Xserve's hard disk and you have
physical access to the server.

Preliminary Steps
In order to follow these steps, you must have physical access to Xserve. You cannot
perform this procedure remotely. A keyboard and monitor must be connected to the server
before you begin.

Procedure
1. Start up Xserve from the Installation CD first and open Disk Utility from the first
Installation screen.

2. Click the Erase tab from the Disk Utility screen.

3. Select appropriate options from this screen and click OK to begin reformatting the
hard disk.

Warning: Reformatting or reinitializing the hard disk erases all information stored on it.
Make sure you have a backup of all files you may have created and any preinstalled
software that came with Xserve.

How to Erase (Reformat) a Local Xserve Hard Drive Xserve Verification of Basic Services - 8
 How to Remotely Erase
(Reformat) a Hard Drive

Follow the steps outlined below if you wish to reformat Xserve's hard disk, and you do not
have physical access to the server.

Preliminary Steps
You must have the server's IP address and Admin (or root) password before performing
this procedure. Xserve's default password is the first 8 characters of its serial number.

Procedure
1. Log in to Xserve.

2. Type: mount

3. Press Return. A list of volumes that are available to the file system appears. Look for
the volume that is at the root level "/". This is the server's startup volume, or "/dev/
rdisk0s10". Note: You cannot reformat the startup volume.

4. Type: umount <insert volume name>

For example: umount Scratch

5. Press Return. This makes the volume unavailable to the file system, or "unmounts" it,
which is required prior to reformatting it.

6. Type: newfs_hfs -v <insert volume name> <insert BSD device name>

For example: newfs_hfs -v Scratch /dev/disk0s11

7. Press Return. The disk is reformatted.

8. Type: shutdown -r now

9. Press Return. Xserver restarts.

Warning: Reformatting or reinitializing the hard disk erases all information stored on it.
Make sure you have a backup of all files you may have created and any preinstalled
software that came with Xserve.

9 - Xserve Verification of Basic Services How to Remotely Erase (Reformat) a Hard Drive
 How to Verify Xserve Is
Accepting Connections

There are several methods for determining if Xserve has successfully started up and is
providing basic services. Using a terminal connection to accomplish this task provides the
most flexibility.

Note: You will not be able to perform this procedure if the Xserve is not fully started up.

Preliminary Steps
You must have the IP address and an Admin (or root) password of the server you wish to
start up before performing this procedure.

Procedure
1. At the Admin computer, type the following command:

ssh <admin>@<Xserve IP address>

2. You should be presented with a password prompt. At this prompt, type the admin
password. The Xserve's default password is the first 8 characters of the Xserve's
serial number, and is case sensitive.

3. The following should appear if you have logged in correctly:

Welcome To Darwin!
:~] admin%

4. To determine if any additional drives are available to the file system, at the command
prompt type: df

5. To verify more information about the Xserve's volumes, including which volume the
Xserve was actually started up from, open Apple System Profiler from the Terminal
application by typing: AppleSystemProfiler | grep boot

You may also run Apple System Profiler with no options for a complete report of the
Xserve system configuration information.

How to Verify Xserve Is Accepting Connections Xserve Verification of Basic Services - 10

 How to Connect Using Server
Monitor

Follow the steps outlined below any time you need to verify that you can remotely
administer Xserve.

Prelimary Steps
You must have the IP address and an Admin (or root) password of the Xserve you wish to
start up before performing this procedure.

Note: Xserve's default password is the first 8 characters of its serial number.

Procedure
1. From the Admin computer, open Server Monitor (/Applications/Utilities).

2. A list of all Xserve servers that have been previously added by Server Monitor
appears.

3. Locate the Xserve you wish to administer from the list.

4. If the Xserve you wish to administer appears in the list, select it, then click the
appropriate tab at the bottom of Server Monitor.

5. If the Xserve you wish to administer does not appear, then click Add Server. Type the
IP address, login name, and password for the Xserve server. The server should
appear in the list. If it does not appear, you may have network or hardware issues.

6. Use the tabs at the bottom of the Server Monitor window to check status of Xserve's
various systems.

Note: If the logic board has been replaced, see technical document 106924: “Xserve: How
to Remotely Install Mac OS X Server After Logic Board Replacement.”

11 - Xserve Verification of Basic Services How to Connect Using Server Monitor

 How to Start up the Server Using
an External Drive

Starting up Xserve from an external drive is useful when you need to run diagnostics or
isolate internal CD-ROM drive issues.

Preliminary Steps
In order to start up the server from an external drive, you must have:
• another FireWire drive or system, such as an external FireWire hard drive, or a
Macintosh computer that is capable of starting up using Target Disk Mode (for
example a PowerBook or iBook)
• a version of Xserve software (Mac OS X Server 10.1.5) capable of starting up Xserve
already installed on the external drive
• a keyboard and display connected to server
• physical access to the server
• a keyboard to locally select a volume

Procedure for Local External Drive

1. Make sure that Xserve is turned off.

2. Connect a FireWire cable between the external FireWire drive or computer and
Xserve.
3. Hold down the 'T' key on the keyboard of the external FireWire-capable computer
while it starts up to put it into FireWire Target Disk Mode.

4. Turn on Xserve while holding down the 'Option' key on Xserve's keyboard. The Startup
Manager appears.

5. Select the appropriate drive you wish to start up from in the Startup Manager window,
and then click the right arrow button.

6. Xserve should start up to the external FireWire drive or computer.

Procedure for Remote External Drive

1. Open the Terminal application on a remote computer.

2. Log in as an Admin user on the Xserve.

How to Start up the Server Using an External Drive Xserve Verification of Basic Services - 12
 3. Type: bless -folder /Volumes/<your drive name/System/Library/
CoreServices -setOF

4. Press Return.

5. Type: Reboot

6. Press Return.

7. Xserve should start up from the external FireWire drive or computer.

13 - Xserve Verification of Basic Services How to Start up the Server Using an External Drive
 Troubleshooting Authentication
Issues

Symptom
A warning message such as “authenticity of host cannot be established” appears when
you attempt to log in to Xserve remotely.

Solution
Delete and then recreate the authentication keys related to the specific host.

Important:
• Make sure you have the IP address and Admin login information for the appropriate
Xserve.
• Verify the first 8 characters of the serial number that correspond to the appropriate
Xserve.
• Make sure that the administration computer has Mac OS X version 10.1 or later
installed.

When authentication of the RSA host key is invalid, the warning message states which
hosts file, and line number within the file, is invalid. For example:

Offending key in /Users/admin/.ssh/known_hosts2:42

In this example, known_hosts2 has the offending authentication key and the host on line
42 of known_hosts2 is the line that needs to be deleted.

Note: The warning message has some very stern wording; however, there are non-
threatening reasons for authentication keys not matching.

Troubleshooting Authentication Issues Xserve Verification of Basic Services - 14

 Error message example:

@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

@ WARNING: POSSIBLE DNS SPOOFING DETECTED! @

@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

The RSA host key for xxxxxx has changed,

and the key for the according IP address 17.xxx.xxx.xx
is unchanged. This could either mean that
DNS SPOOFING is happening or the IP address for the host
and its host key have changed at the same time.
Offending key for IP in /Users/admin/.ssh/known_hosts2:44

@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

@ WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED! @

@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY!

Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)!
It is also possible that the RSA host key has just been changed.
The fingerprint for the RSA key sent by the remote host is
xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx.
Please contact your system administrator.
Add correct host key in /Users/admin/.ssh/known_hosts2 to get rid of message.
Offending key in /Users/admin/.ssh/known_hosts2:42
RSA host key for xxxxxxx has changed and you have requested strict checking.
The authenticity of host 'xxxxxx (17.xxx.xxx.xx)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?

15 - Xserve Verification of Basic Services Troubleshooting Authentication Issues

 How to Delete and Recreate Authentication Keys
1. Open TextEdit on the Admin computer.

Located in /Applications/

2. Open the file: ~/.ssh/known_hosts or ~/.ssh/known_hosts2

All fingerprints from previous connections appear.

3. Locate host name or IP address of the server within the text you want to connect to
using ssh.

This is the on the line number mentioned in the warning message.

4. Delete the line containing the host name or IP address.

Press Control-K in TextEdit to delete the entire line including all authentication keys
related to this host.

5. Save the TextEdit file.

6. Quit TextEdit.

7. Open Terminal on the Admin computer.

8. Type the following at the command prompt:

ssh -l root <IP Address>

9. Press Return. A prompt asks to recreate the certificate.

10. Type 'y' at the prompt to recreate the certificate.

A new fingerprint appears and a prompt asks to continue with the connection
process.

Troubleshooting Authentication Issues Xserve Verification of Basic Services - 16