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IB Geography Oceans Case Studies

These are case studies that can be used to answer long response questions in the IB Geography exam.

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Marc Wierzbitzki
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735 views6 pages

IB Geography Oceans Case Studies

These are case studies that can be used to answer long response questions in the IB Geography exam.

Uploaded by

Marc Wierzbitzki
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Holderness coast: Location: - Located at east coast of England - 60km long

Major features:

Tourism and recreation Fishing and aquaculture Agriculture and forestry (high quality agricultural land) Energy: gas terminals (Easington and Dimlington) account for approx. 20% of Britains gas supply

Geological features:

- Mainly cliffs (20-30m high) consisting of soft, boulder clay in bands (horizontally) - Coast is exposed, approaching waves have a long fetch over the North Sea - Mainly destructive waves eroding the base of the cliff by hydraulic action, freeze thaw, abrasion, solution, slumping

- Narrow beaches that do not protect the coastline (further threatened by sealevel rise, 6mm per year) - One of Europes fastest eroding coastlines (2m per year), 4km of land have disappeared since Roman times - About 2 million tonnes of material eroded per year, some villages have completely disappeared - 3% deposited at spit (Easington) - Mappleton under threat: main road running through the village was 500m from cliff (1998), now only 50m Response / defence: - Cost-benefit analysis: costal defences cheaper than building a new road - Hard defences: concrete seawall, timber groynes (encourage the build up of beach in front of Mappleton by trapping longshore drift) - Possible solution: large underwater reef made of tyres (costly to build, but they would reduce the amount of energy that approaching waves carry) - Only most valuable areas of land are protected, much of the farmland is given back to the sea (?managed retreat?) - Construction of groyne caused erosion of about 20m per year further along the coast (spit), spit is still being eroded, but no new material can arrive - Loss of beaches for tourists use

Problems:

Barton-On-Sea: Location:

- Located at south coast of England Major features: Geological features: - First place in England to try rock groynes

- Problems with coastal erosion (1m per year, several buildings have been lost) - Longshore drift from west to east - Bournemouth (further west) built sea defences no new sediment could arrive at Barton to protect the cliffs - High energy waves approaching from SW - Cliff is undercut and slumping occurs - Cliff geology: sandstone (porous) on clay (impermeable) water collects between those two layers, causing sliding Response / defence: - 1960s: council decided to protect cliff foot by rocks and steel piles (approximate costs: 1 million GBP) (to absorb wave energy) - 1974: wooden groynes were replaced by rock groynes (they extend 1.8km along the cliff toe) (to trap sand and build a beach to protect the cliffs) - Costs since 1987 are estimated at 4.5 million GBP - Who will pay? - Visual problems it doesnt look natural - Rock groynes at Barton trap sand so coast further east is now more easily eroded

Problems:

Porlock bay: Location:

- Bristol channel, Somerset (England) Major features: - Much of the coastline under care of the National Trust - Saltmarsh is a 185 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) - Coastline includes single ridges, salt marshes and a submerged forest - Shingle ridge which protects the marsh from the sea was weakened due to high water levels and stormy weather - Cost-benefit analysis showed that protecting the threatened land was no longer cost efficient (last rebuild of ridge took place in 1990), since then managed retreat - A new salt marsh developed provides new habitat to animals and protects the land behind from further erosion - Some land that was previously used for agricultural purposes is no longer used for farming as it is inundated by the sea at high tides

Geological features:

Response / defence:

Problems:

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