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English Grammar - Sentences

The document defines key grammatical terms: - A sentence contains a subject and predicate. The subject is what is being talked about, and the predicate is what is said about the subject. - Verbs can be transitive (requiring an object) or intransitive (not requiring an object). Some transitive verbs also require a complement in addition to the object. - Complements modify either the subject or object and are required for the sentence to make sense. Clauses can function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs within a sentence.

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243 views2 pages

English Grammar - Sentences

The document defines key grammatical terms: - A sentence contains a subject and predicate. The subject is what is being talked about, and the predicate is what is said about the subject. - Verbs can be transitive (requiring an object) or intransitive (not requiring an object). Some transitive verbs also require a complement in addition to the object. - Complements modify either the subject or object and are required for the sentence to make sense. Clauses can function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs within a sentence.

Uploaded by

Veronica Horn
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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English Grammar, Guide to Parsing and Analysis 1.

Sentence: A sentence is a combination of words in which something is said about something else. 2. Subject and Predicate: Every sentence, when expressed in full consists of two parts, a subject and a predicate. Example: Fire burns. The subject is Fire and the predicate is burns Example: (a fierce fire, suddenly breaking out yesterday afternoon at four oclock), (completely burnt down my house and all the other houses in the same street except five). The subject is: (a fierce fire, suddenly breaking out yesterday afternoon at four oclock), The predicate is: (completely burnt down my house and all the other houses in the same street except five). The Subject of a sentence is the word or words denoting what we speak about. The Predicate of a sentence is the word or words in which we say something about the subject Some verbs make sense by themselves. These are called Intransitive Verbs. Example: Fish swim. Fire burns. Rivers flow. 3. Object: A verb that requires an object to make sense is called Transitive Example: The boy kicked the ball. The man shot the bear. A transitive verb may have two objects: Example: He asked me a difficult question. The indirect object (the object not named) is me and the direct object (the object named) is a difficult question in the third example. Some transitive verbs need a Complement as well as an object to make sense. These are called Factitive. Intransitive verbs that require a complement are called Copulative (or linking). The most common linking verb is to be. Others are become,seem,appear,taste and sound. Example: That grief drove him (object) mad (complement). Factitive

Subject Complements. He seems to be mad. Linking He was a radiologist before he became a fulltime yoga instructor Linking I cant smell anything with this terrible cold Linking Object Complements. An object complement is similar to a subject complement except that it modifies an object rather than a subject. The driver seems tired (tired is the complement, seems is the linking verb). Paint it black The judge ruled her out of order I saw the Prime Minister sleeping. If the complement is omitted the sentence loses its meaning. Subject: The word or words that denote what we speak about. Predicate: The word or words by which we say something about the subject. Clause: A sentence that is part of a larger sentence. Noun-clause: a clause that does the work of a noun. Adjective-clause: a clause that does the work of an adjective. Finite verb: Any part of a verb that is limited to number and person. Eg1 I see him. Eg2 they see him. Non-finite verb: Those parts of a verb that are not limited to number and person such as the Infinitive, the Past Participle and the Gerund. NB In Portuguese they have a Personal infinitive (infinitivo pessoal), which I think makes the infinitive finite. I would have to ask a real Portuguese grammar expert about that. I am not sure. Transitive verb: One that requires an object. Intransitive verb: One that does not require an object. Factitive verb: Transitive verb that requires both a complement and an object. Copulative (or Linking) verb: An intransitive verb that requires a complement. Complement: A word or words that modify a subject (or object). Adverbial-clause (adverbial): A clause that does the work of an adverb.

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