• Characters- are also important element in the

story. It refers to the person or animals around

which the story revolves
• Setting – is the time and place which the plot
of the movie happens. The other factors such
as climate, weather, or season and type of
environment or community and its type of
people, culture and beliefs.
• Setup- refers to the act in which the
characters, situation, and setting are built up.
 PRONOUNS
AND ITS
ANTECEDENT
 PRONOUN AGREEMENT:
NUMBER

Personal pronouns have to agree

with the words they are referring
to (called their antecedents).
number.Antecedent means that
which comes before; it represents
the word for which a pronoun
stands or to which it refers back
 SINGULAR
In the following sentences, the pronouns and
their antecedents agree in number because they
are both singular:
• The actor performed his part remarkably well.
[actor and his are both singular]
• One of the girls brought her hiking boots.
[One and her are both singular]
• I have my mind made up. [I and my are both
singular]
 PLURAL
In the following sentences, the pronouns and
their antecedents agree in number because they
are both plural:
• The students studied for their exam together.
[students and their are both plural]
• We have brought our friends to the party.
[We and our are both plural]
 PRONOUN AGREEMENT:
GENDER

Personal pronouns must agree in gender with the

nouns they refer to (called their antecedents). In
English, there are three grammatical genders:
masculine, feminine and neuter/common
• Agreement in gender is not an issue with third
person plural pronouns, since the plural
pronoun they and its forms (them, their) are
gender-inclusive; they automatically agree with
antecedents of any gender.
But the singular pronouns he (him, his), she (her,
hers) and it (its) are gender-specific, so we must
be careful to choose a singular pronoun that
matches the gender of its antecedent:
• Ivor dragged himself over the rocks,
scraping his knees. [masculine]
• I saw Nicole. She was taking her dog for a
walk. [feminine]
• The dog pricked up its ears when it heard the
voices. [neuter]
 PRONOUN CASE
Pronoun Case is really a very simple matter.
There are three cases.
• Subjective case: pronouns used as subject.
• Objective case: pronouns used as objects of
verbs or prepositions.
• Possessive case: pronouns which express
ownership.
 Pronouns that
Pronouns as Pronouns as
show
Subjects Objects
Possession
I me my (mine)

you you your (yours)

he, she, it him, her, it his, her (hers), it (its)

we us our (ours)

they them their (theirs)

who whom whose

 CASE
• SUBJECTIVE PRONOUNS
A subjective pronoun acts as the subject of a
sentence—it performs the action of the verb.
The subjective (or nominative) pronouns are I,
you (singular), he/she/it, we, you (plural),
they and who. A subjective pronoun acts as a
subject in a sentence.
 EXAMPLES
• He spends ages looking out the window.
• After lunch, she and I went to the planetarium.
• I have a big chocolate bar.
• You have some ice cream.
• He has a cake.
• We could have a party.
• They could come, too.
• Who should be invited?
 OBJECTIVE PRONOUNS
An objective pronoun acts as the object of a
sentence—it receives the action of the verb. The
objective pronouns are her, him, it, me, them,
us, and you. The objective case is used when
something is being done to (or given to, etc.)
someone.
1. Cousin Eldred gave me a trombone.
2. Take a picture of him, not us!
 EXAMPLES
• Give the chocolate to me , please.
• Why should I give it to you ?
• You could give it to him , instead.
• Please share it with all of us .
• Do we have to share it
with them ?
 POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
There are two types of possessive pronouns. The
first type is used with nouns my, your (singular), his,
her, your (plural), its, their, our. The other type of
pronouns are sometimes called independent
possessive pronouns, because they can stand alone.
They are mine, yours (singular), his, hers, ours, yours
(plural) and theirs. The possessive pronouns show
that something (or someone) belongs to someone
(or something).
 EXAMPLES
• The red basket is mine.
• Yours is on the coffee table.
• That’s my shirt.
• That shirt is mine.
• The house is theirs.
• It’s their house.
• The dog is scratching its ear.
 The following lists some of the rules of
pronoun-antecedent agreement.
• If the antecedent is singular, the pronoun must be
singular too
• If the antecedent is plural, the pronoun must be
plural too
• If the antecedent is first person, the pronoun must
be first person
• If the antecedent is second person, the pronoun
must be second person
• If the antecedent is third person, the pronoun
must be third person
 The following lists some of the rules of
pronoun-antecedent agreement.
• If the antecedent is third person masculine, the pronoun
must be third person masculine too
• If the antecedent is third person feminine, the pronoun
must be third person feminine too
• If the antecedent is a subject, the pronoun must be a
subjective pronoun
• If the antecedent is an object, the pronoun must be an
objective pronoun
• Possessive pronouns must agree with their antecedents
regarding number, point of view, and gender.