Research Inventy: International Journal Of Engineering And Science

Issn: 2278-4721, Vol. 2, Issue 4 (February 2013), Pp 36-41

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36
New Oscillation Criteria For Second Order Nonlinear
Differential Equations

Xhevair Beqiri
State University of Tetova


Abstract: Consider the second order nonlinear differential equations with damping term and oscillations
nature of ( ( ) '( ))' ( ) '( ) ( ) ( ( )) ( '( )) 0 r t x t p t x t q t f x t k x t + + =
0
t t > (1)
to used oscillatory solutions of differential equations
( ( ) '( ))' ( ) ( ( )) ( '( )) 0 t x t t f x t k x t o | + = (2)
where ( ) t o and ( ) t | satisfy conditions given in this work paper. Our results extend and improve some
previous oscillation criteria and cover the cases which are not covered by known results. In this paper, by using
the generalized Riccatis technique and positive function H (t, s) of Philo we get a new oscillation and
nonoscillation criteria for (1).

Key Words: equations, differential, interval, criteria, damping, second order etc.

I. Introduction
In this paper we are being considered the oscillation solutions in the second order nonlinear functional
differential equation:
( ( ) '( ))' ( ) '( ) ( ) ( ( )) ( '( )) 0 r t x t p t x t q t f x t k x t + + = ,
0
t t > (1)
where
0
, , , ([ , ], ) t p q C t e 9 and , ( , ) f g e 9 9 .
In the following we shall assume the conditions
A1) For all I t e , ( ) 0 p t > , 0 ) ( > t r , for ) , [ = e o I t , and
}

=
o
dt
t r ) (
1
.
A2) ) (t q is a real value and locally integrated over I.
A3) 0 ) ( > x xf , and 0 ) ( ' > > k x f .
A4)
1
( '( )) 0 k x t c > >
By the solution of equation (1) or (2) we consider a function
} , [ ) , [t t ), (
0 x
c e t t x which is twice continuously differentiable and satisfies equation (1) or (2) on the
given interval. The number depends on that particular solution x (t) under consideration. We consider only non-
trivial solutions. A solution x(t) of (1) or (2) is said to be oscillatory if there exists a sequence

=1
} {
n n
of
points in the interval } , [
0
t , so that =

n
n
lim and 0 ) ( =
n
x , N ne , otherwise it is said to be
nonoscillatory. An equation is said to be oscillatory if all its solutions are oscillatory, otherwise it is considered
that is nonoscillatory equation.

The Conditions for oscillatory solutions of the second order differential equations (1) are studied by many
authors (see [5], [6], etc.) .Here, we give some conditions for coefficients where the equation (1) has
oscillatory solutions and we also take into account the result we have obtained in the previous researches, here
we present more generalized criteria that define oscillation solution of the equation (1) to used oscillatory
solutions of (2).In this paper are presented theorems, that use generalized Riccati type transformations, and
averaging technique, which explain results for oscillatory nature of differential equations. Also, our results
extend and improve a number of existing results (see [5], [9], [10], etc.).





New Oscillation Criteria For Second Order Nonlinear...
37

II. Main Result
What follows is, ) (l E , ( ) | o denote

}
=
t
dl
l r
l q
e l E
o
) (
) (
) (
and
2
1 2
( )
( ) ( ( ) )
4 ( )
p l
B q l c dl
k r l
o
o

=
}

that we will use in the following theorem.
Theorem 1: The equation (1) is oscillatory if for 0 ) ( > t p , o > t , and

}

=
o
dl
l r l E ) ( ) (
1
(2)
= ) (o B (3)
Proof: For
}
=
t
dl
l r
l q
e l E
o
) (
) (
) ( , we have ) (
) (
) (
) ( ' t E
t r
t q
t E = , where ( ) 0 E t > ,
and the equation

( ( ) ( ) '( ))' ( ) ( ) ( ( )) ( '( )) 0 E t r t x t E t p t f x t k x t + = (4)
may be reduced in (1).
We se that (1) is oscillatory if and only if the equation (4) is oscillatory.
Assume that (1) is nonoscillatory. Then there exists a nonoscillatory solution x (t) of (1). So we may assume that
0 ) ( > t x on ) , [
1
t , for some o >
1
t . We show that 0 ) ( ' > t x , for
1
t t > .
From (4) we obtain that

( ( ) ( ) '( ))' ( ) ( ) ( ) ( '( )) 0 E t r t x t E t p t x t k x t = s
from where ) ( ' ) ( ) ( t x t r t E is not increasing for
1
t t > . Assume that 0 ) ( ' ) ( ) (
2 2 2
< t x t r t E for
some
1 2
t t > . Put L t x t r t E = ) ( ' ) ( ) (
2 2 2
, then for
2
t t > , we have
L t x t r t E s ) ( ' ) ( ) ( .
Dividing both sides by ) ( ) ( t r t E and integrating from
2
t to ) (
2
t t > , we obtain
}
s
t
t
dl
l r l E
L t x t x
2
) ( ) (
1
) ( ) (
2
.
Because
}
t
t
dl
l r l E
L
2
) ( ) (
1
is tending to , where t , we conclude that 0 ) ( < t x , for sufficiently
larget , which is a contradiction. Therefore,

0 ) ( ' > t x , for
1
t t > .

In case that 0 ) ( < t x , put ) ( ) ( t x t y = . So we have 0 ) ( ' > t x .
Considering the function

( ) '( )
( )
( ( ))
r t x t
W t
f x t
=
we have

2
( ) ( ) '( ( ))
'( ) ( ) ( ) ( '( ))
( ) ( )
p t W t f x t
W t W t q t k x t
r t r t
=
and from A3), A4) we obtain

2
1
( ) ( )
'( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
p t W t k
W t W t q t c
r t r t
s
, (5)
New Oscillation Criteria For Second Order Nonlinear...
38

2
2
1
( ) ( )
'( ) ( ( ) ) ( )
( ) 2 4 ( )
k p t p t
W t W t q t c
r t k kr t
s + +

2
2
1
( ) ( )
'( ) ( ( ) ) ( ( ) )
( ) 2 4 ( )
k p t p t
W t W t q t c
r t k kr t
s +
Integrating (6) from
2
t to ) (
2
t t > , we get

1 1
2
2
1 1 2
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ( ) ) ( ( ) )
4 ( ) ( ) 2
t t
t t
p l k p l
W t W t q l c dl W l dl
k r l r l k
+ s
} }
.
By means of (4) there exists a
1 3
t t > , such that for
3
t t > , we gain

1
2
( )
( ) ( ( ) )
( ) 2
t
t
k q l
W t W l dl
r l k
s
}

which is impossible because 0 ) ( > t W , for
1
t t > .
To use the theorem above we can prove that for function W (t) is truth the following lemma.

Lemma 1: Assume that for o > t , 0 ) ( > t p , 0 ) ( > t q and (3) are valid. If the differential equations (1)
have a positive solution, we have
. 0
)) ( (
) ( ' ) (
lim =

t x f
t x t r
t


Proof: Let 0 ) ( > t x , be a solution of (1). From Theorem 1 it follows that from 0 ) ( > t p , for o > t , and
(3) that there exists a o >
1
t such that 0 ) ( ' > t x , for
1
t t > .
Put
0
)) ( (
) ( ' ) (
) ( > =
t x f
t x t r
t W
for
1
t t > , and consider Riccati inequation

2
1
( ) ( )
'( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
p t W t k
W t W t q t c
r t r t
s
it is obvious that dividing with W
2
>0 , we get


) ( ) (
) ( '
t r
k
t W
t W
> .
Integrating the above inequation over ) , [
1
t and considering the condition 0 ) ( > t r , and

}

=
o
dt
t r ) (
1
, we have


'( ) 1
( ) ( )
t t
W s
ds ds
W s r s
o o
=
} }


1 1 1
( ) ( ) ( )
t
ds
W t W r s
o
o
= +
}


1
( )
1 1
( ) ( )
t
W t
k ds
W r s
o
o
=
+
}

from where for t , we obtain


lim ( ) 0
t
W t

=
.

New Oscillation Criteria For Second Order Nonlinear...
39

Here , we present some sufficient conditions for (1) to be oscillatory to used the class X of functions ) , ( s t H
which comes from Philos, where 0 ) , ( > s t H , for
0
t s t > > , 0 ) , ( = t t H , are continuous and have partial
derivatives

( , ) H t s
dt
c
and
( , ) H t s
ds
c

satisfying :

) , ( ) , (
) , (
2
s t H s t h
s
s t H
=
c
c
and ) , ( ) , (
) , (
1
s t H s t h
s
s t H
=
c
c
.

Theorem 2.Let assumptions A1) A4) hold and H X e . If there exists ) , ( ), , [ ) , (
0
b a c t b a e _ , such that
1 1
1
1
( ) ( ) 1 1
( , )[ ( ) ( ( ) ( 1) ]
( , ) 4 ( )
( , )
b
c
r s h s
H b s q s c p s ds
H b c kr s
H t s
o
o
o
+
+
+ + +
}


1 1
1
1
( ) ( ) 1 1
( , )[ ( ) ( ( ) ( 1) ] 0
( , ) 4 ( )
( , )
b
c
r s h s
H b s q s c p s ds
H b c kr s
H t s
o
o
o
+
+
+ + + >
}
(6)

then every solution of eq. (1) is oscillatory.

Proof: Supposed to the contrary, that x (t) be a non-oscillatory solution of (1), say ( ) 0 x t = on ) , [
0
t .
If we multiply equation (5) by
1
( , ) H s t
o+
and integrate it from c to t where ) , ( ), , ( t c s b c t e e then we have

1 1 1
1
( ) ( )
( , ) ( ) ( , ) '( ) ( , )
( )
t t t
c c c
p s W s
H t s q s c ds H t s W s ds H t s ds
r s
o o o + + +
s
} } }

2 1
( ) ( , )
( )
t
c
W s kH t s
ds
r s
o+

}

1 1 1
1 1
( , ) ( ) ( , ) ( ) / ( ) ( , ) ( , ) ( , )
t t
t
c
c c
H t s q s c ds H t s W s W s H t s h t s H t s ds
o o o + + +
s +
} }



2 1
1
( ) ( ) ( ) ( , )
( , )
( ) ( )
t t
c c
p s W s W s kH t s
H t s ds ds
r s r s
o
o
+
+

} }


1 1
1
( , ) ( ) ( , ) ( ) /
t
t
c
c
H t s q s c ds H t s W s
o o + +
s
}

1 2 1
( 1) ( , ) ( ) ( )
( , ) [ ( ) ( ( )
( ) ( , )
t
c
h t s r s k p s
H t s W s W s ds
r s k k H t s
o
o
+
+
+ +
}


from that
1 1 1 2 1
1
( ) ( ) 1
( , ) ( ) ( , ) ( ) / ( , ) ( ( ) ( 1) )
4 ( ) ( , )
t t
t
c
c c
r s h s
H t s q s c ds H t s W s H t s p s ds
kr s H t s
o o o
o
+ + +
s + + +
} }
(7)

Let

b t in (7) and dividing it by

1
( , ) H b c
o+
then what we get is

1
1
1
1
( , ) ( ) ( )
( , )
b
c
H b s q s c ds W c
H b c
o
o
+
+
s +
}

New Oscillation Criteria For Second Order Nonlinear...
40
+
1 1
1
( ) ( ) 1 1
( , ) ( ( ) ( 1)
( , ) 4 ( ) ( , )
t
c
r s h s
H t s p s
H b c kr s H t s
o
o
o
+
+
+ +
}
(8)
By multiplying (5) by
1
( , ) H s t
o+
and integrate it over ) , ( c t where ) , ( ), , ( c t s c a t e e
we have
1 1 1
1
( ) ( )
( , ) ( ) ( , ) '( ) ( , )
( )
c c c
t t t
p s W s
H s t q s c ds H s t W s ds H s t ds
r s
o o o + + +
s
} } }


2 1
( ) ( , )
( )
c
t
W s kH s t
ds
r s
o+

}

from that
1 1
1
( , ) ( ) ( , ) ( ) /
c
c
t
t
H s t q s c ds H s t W s
o o + +
s +
}

+
1 1
( ) ( ) 1
( , ) ( ( ) ( 1)
4 ( ) ( , )
c
t
r s h s
H s t p s
kr s H s t
o
o
+
+
}
(9)
Let t b
+
in (9) and dividing it by
1
( , ) H b c
o+
we get

1
1
1
1
( , ) ( ) ( )
( , )
b
c
H b s q s c ds W c
H b c
o
o
+
+
s +
}

+
1 1
1
( ) ( ) 1 1
( , ) ( ( ) ( 1)
( , ) 4 ( )
( , )
b
c
r s h s
H t s p s
H b c kr s
H t s
o
o
o
+
+
+ +
}
(10)

Adding (8) and (10) we have the following inequality
1 1
1
1
( ) ( ) 1 1
( , )[ ( ) ( ( ) ( 1) ]
( , ) 4 ( )
( , )
b
c
r s h s
H b s q s c p s ds
H b c kr s
H t s
o
o
o
+
+
+ + +
}


1 1
1
1
( ) ( ) 1 1
( , )[ ( ) ( ( ) ( 1) ] 0
( , ) 4 ( )
( , )
b
c
r s h s
H b s q s c p s ds
H b c kr s
H t s
o
o
o
+
+
+ + + s
}
(11)

which contradicts the condition (6) , therefore , every solution of equation (1) is oscillatory .
If for ( , ) ( ) H t s t s = ,
0
t s t > > , we have the following corollary.

Corollary 1.Assuming that condition A1) A4) hold, then every solution of equation (1) is oscillatory if for
0 o > , the following inequalities hold:
1
1 1
1 1 ( )
limsup ( ) [ ( ) ( ( ) ( 1) ] 0
4 ( ) ( )
t
t
c
r s
s l q s c p s ds
t kr s s l
o
o
o
+
+

+ + >

}
(12)
and
1
1 1
1 1 ( )
limsup ( ) [ ( ) ( ( ) ( 1) ] 0
4 ( ) ( )
b
t
t
r s
l s q s c p s ds
t kr s l s
o
o
o
+
+

+ + + >

}
(13)
Proof: For
( , ) ( ) H t s t s = , we have
1
2
1 2
( , ) ( , ) ( ) h t s h t s t s

= = from where
similarly to use (6) we get (12) and (13). The proof is complete.

Example 1.Consider the nonlinear differential equation of second order


2 4 2
( '( ))' (1 cos ) '( ) ( )(1 ( ))(1 ( '( )) ) 0 x t t x t x t x t x t + + + + + =
New Oscillation Criteria For Second Order Nonlinear...
41


where 1 t > .
We can see that
4
( ) (1 ) f x x x = + ,
4
'( ) 1 5 1 f x x = + > ,
2
( ') 1 1 g x x = + > ,
for all xe9. Equation is oscillatory because the coefficients of equation satisfy the condition given in the
theorem 1.
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