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2012 ENGG317 Midterm Solution

Several questions and their solutions for Mechanics of material class, this is a University of Calgary midterm

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Emmanuel Constantinidis
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156 views4 pages

2012 ENGG317 Midterm Solution

Several questions and their solutions for Mechanics of material class, this is a University of Calgary midterm

Uploaded by

Emmanuel Constantinidis
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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page 1 of 4

ENGG 317 - Mechanics of Solids (Winter 2012)


Dr. S. Federico, Dr. L. Sudak, Dr. M. Epstein*
* course coordinator

2012 ENGG317 Midterm Solution, Mon 27 Feb, 18:00-20:00


Question 1 [10 marks]
The structure shown consists of a piece BCD supported by a tie
rod AB and a fixed hinge at C. The bolts at A, B and C are made
of a steel with an ultimate shear strength of 270 MPa.
a) Determine the minimum diameters of the bolts at A, B and C
if a factor of safety of 3.5 is required.
b) How would the results of part (a) change if the supports at A
and C were to be built with bolts in double shear?


SOLUTI ON:


Equilibrium equations:

S M
C
=0 (65kN)(12/13) (3m) (65kN)(5/13) (3m) +T (3/5) (4m) =0

S F
x
=0 H T (3/5) +(65kN)(5/13) =0

S F
y
=0 V T (4/5) (65kN)(12/13) =0

Solving, we obtain : T =106.25kN H =38.75kN V =145kN

It is always advisable to check by means of an additional (redundant) moment equation:

S M
B
= (38.75kN) (4m) (65kN)(12/13) (3m) +(65kN)(5/13) (1m) =0




1m
3m
3m
5
12
3
4
T
H
V
65 kN
Free-body diagram
C
B
x
y
page 2 of 4
a) Stress conditions in single shear:

i. Pins at A and B:
mm 9 . 41 d
5 . 3
Pa 10 270
d
4

N 10 25 . 106
B , A
6
2
B , A
3


ii. Pin at C:

kN 09 . 150 ) kN 00 . 145 ( ) kN 75 . 38 ( V H R
2 2 2 2
= + = + =


mm 8 . 49 d
5 . 3
Pa 10 270
d
4

N 10 09 . 150
C
6
2
C
3



b) Double shear at A and C

iii. Condition at pin B remains unchanged, namely:

mm 9 . 41 d
B

iv. Pin at A
mm 6 . 29 mm 9 . 41
2
2
d
A
=
v. Pin at C
mm 2 . 35 mm 8 . 49
2
2
d
C
=






Question 2 [10 marks]
A rigid bar AB of length 900 mm is hinged at A and supported by
two vertical cables attached at points C and D, respectively. Both
cables have a diameter of 2 mm and are made of the same elastic
material (Youngs modulus E =200 GPa and Poissons ratio =
0.30). The lengths of each of the cables have been adjusted so
that, with no load applied, a gap of length 2.0 mm exists between
the end B and the contact point E. Neglecting the mass of bar AB
and knowing that both cables are taut, determine the location
where the 2.0 kN point load should be applied on the beam so
that points B and E just touch.

page 3 of 4
page 4 of 4
Question 3 [10 marks]
The square-prismatic block in the figure is made of a material
with Youngs modulus E =100 GPa, and Poissons ratio =0.2,
and is subjected to the compressive stress
x
=100 MPa, and the
compressive stress
y
=50 MPa. The contact between the block
and the walls is frictionless.
a) Calculate the change in length in the x direction.
b) Calculate the stress
z
that is necessary to apply on the faces
parallel to the xy plane (i.e., on faces CDGF and ABEH) so
that the block experiences no strain in the x direction.
c) Calculate the change in length in the x direction if the stresses

x
and
z
are removed, i.e., when only
y
is applied as
indicated.
d) What stress would you need to apply to cause the originally straight angles of the faces parallel to the
plane yz (i.e., of faces ADGH and BCFE) to change?
e) In point (d), would it matter whether the stresses
x
,
y
, and
z
are removed or not? Explain.

Solution
The only equation needed for points (a), (b), (c) is the first of the six isotropic linearly elastic equations (often
referred to as Hookes laws):
1
x x y z
E E E
v v
c o o o = .
Therefore:
a)
1
0 0.09
z x x y
mm
E E
v
o c o o = = = .
b) No strain in the x direction means
1 1
0 0 450
x x x y z z x y
MPa
E E E v
v v
c c o o o o o o = = = = = ,
and not, as some wrote, 0
x
o =
c) , 0 0.01
x z x y
mm
E
v
o o c o = = = .
d) For the angles in the faces ADGH and BCFE to change from being / 2 t , it is necessary to have shearing
strains
yz zy
= : these strains always coexist (i.e., you cannot have
yz
without
zy
, and viceversa) and
are always equal. From the sixth isotropic linearly elastic equation, we have

yz yz
G t = and
zy yz
G t = ,
therefore, the stress needed is
yz zy
t t = ; as for the case of the associated strains, also
yz
t and
zy
t always
coexist and are always equal. This is why answering
yz
t or
zy
t or
yz
t and/or
zy
t is incorrect. Note
that any other shear stress (
xy yx
t t = or
xz zx
t t = ) has no effect on
yz zy
= for an isotropic material.
e) From equation
yz yz
G t = employed in point (d) (yes, point (d) means question (d), otherwise we
would have referred to point D in the Figure), it is evident that it is totally irrelevant whether the
normal stresses
x
o ,
x
o ,
x
o are removed or not: indeed, they do not feature in
yz yz
G t = . This, again,
comes from the isotropy of the material.
Note: The isotropy of the material must be clear from the fact that only one elastic modulus E and one
Poissons ratio were given.

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