ASME B302 INTERPRETATIONS

Replies to Technical Inquiries December 1995 March 1997

FOREWORD

This publication includes all of the written replies issued between the indicated dates by the Secretary, speaking for the ASME B30 Committee,Safety Standards for Cableways, Cranes, Demcks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of B30.2, Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top RunningBridge, Single or Multiple Girder, Top Running Trolley Hoist). These replies are taken verbatim from the original letters except for a few typographical corrections and some minor editorial corrections made for the purpose of improved clarity. In some few instances, a review of the interpretation revealed a need for corrections of a technical nature; in these cases, a corrected interpretation follows immediately after the original reply. These interpretations were prepared in accordance with the accredited ASME procedures. ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of these interpretations when or if additional information is available which the inquirer believes might affect the interpretation. Further, persons aggrieved by this interpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. ASME does not approve, certify, rate, or endorse any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.

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830.2 Interpretations

Interpretation 2-43
Subject: ASME B30.2d-1994 Date Issued: June 14, I996 Section 2-2.2.2 states thefollowing:

2-2.2.2 Rated Load Test

(a) Priorto initial use, allnew, extensively repaired, andaltered cranes should betested and inspected by or under thedirection of a designated or authorized person, and a written report be furnished by suchperson,confirmingtheload rating of the crane. The loadrating should not be more than 80% of the maximum load sustained during the test. Test loads shall not be more than 125% of the rated load, unless otherwise recommended by the manufacturer. The testreportsshallbeplacedonfilewherereadily available to appointed personnel. (6) The ratedloadtest, if made,shall consist of the following operations as a minimum requirement. (1) Hoist the test load a distance to assure thattheload is supported by the crane and held by thehoist brake(s). (2) Transport the testload by means of thetrolley for the full length ofthe bridge. (3) Transport the test load by means of thebridge for thefulllength of therunway in one direction with the trolley as close to the extreme right-hand end of the crane as practical, and in the other direction withthetrolleyas close tothe extreme left-hand end of the crane as practical. ( 4 ) Lower the test load, and stop and holdtheload with the brake(s).

Section 2-0.2 istitled

Definitions, andthewords

shall and should are definedas follows:

shall: thisword indicates that a ruleismandatoryandmustbe followed should: this word indicates that a rule is a recommendation, the advisability of which depends onthe facts in each situation

Question: There is much confusion in the industry onthe interpretation of Section 2-2.2.2. I interpret
it as follows:

EXAMPLE: 2,000 Ib crane (taggeddesigned by manufacturer at 1 ton) Load Test at 125% = 2,500 lb 80% of Test Load = 2,000 Ib, LoadRating of Crane
Is this interpretation correct? Reply: Yes, your interpretation is correct. Two previous interpretations issued by the B30 Committee address the subject of your inquiry. These are Interpretation 2-14, issued March 21, 1988, and Interpretation 2-17, issued September 15, 1989. The requirement to conduct the rated load test and the magnitude of the test load are both governed by theword should. Therefore, theloadtest or themagnitude ofthetestload are notmandatory to comply with the Standard. The requirement is a recommendation, the advisability of which depends on the facts in each situation.

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830.2 Interpretations

Interpretation 2-44

Subject: ASME B30.2- 1983 Date Issued: December 23, 1996 Question: Paragraph 2-1.12.2(c) states: Holding brakes on hoists shall be applied automatically when power to the brake is removed. This requirement has remained unchanged dating back to ANSI B30.2.0- 1967 which was the source standard for 29CFR19 IO. 179, Overhead and Gantry Cranes. Power to the holding brakes is removed when the operator centers the controller, that is, places the controls in theneutral or stop position. Does theword removed include loss of power not onlyto the load (hoist motor) circuit but also tothe control circuit? Reply: In the1983 edition of ASME 830.2, the subject paragraph was numbered 2-1.9.2(c). The subject paragraphwasrenumbered 2-1.12.2(c) in the1990 edition of ASME B30.2. The latest edition of ASME B30.2 was published in 1996, in which the subject paragraph is numbered 2-1.12. I(d). While the wording in the 1996 edition has been changed, the technical intent of the paragraph has not changed. The wording of2-1 .l2.l(d) in the1996 edition is as follows:
(d) Hoist holding brakes shall be applied automatically when power to the brake is removed.

The answer toyour question is yes. When power isremovedfromthe hoist control circuit, this will result in powerbeingremoved from thehoistpower circuit and the hoist holdingbrake shall be applied automatically.

Interpretation 2-44R

Subject: ASME B30.2- I983 Date Issued: March 7. 1997 Question: Paragraph 2- I . 12.2(c) states: Holding brakes on hoists shall be applied automatically when power to the brake is removed. This requirement has remained unchanged dating back to ANSI B30.2.0-1967 which was the source standard for 29CFR19 IO. 179, Overhead and Gantry Cranes. Power to the holding brakes is removed when the operator centers the controller, that is, places the controls in theneutral or stop position. Doestheword removed include loss of power not only to theload (hoist motor) circuit but also tothe control circuit? B30.2, the subject paragraphwasnumbered 2-1.9.2(c). The Reply: In the 1983 edition of ASME subject paragraphwasrenumbered 2-1.12.2(c) in the1990edition of ASMEB30.2. The latest edition of ASME B30.2 was published in 1996, in which the subject paragraph is numbered 2-1.12.1(d). While the wording in the 1996 edition has been changed, the technical intent of the paragraph has not changed. The wording of 2-1.12.1 (d) in the 1996editionis as follows:
(d) Hoist holding brakes shall be applied automatically when power to the brake is removed.

hoist control circuit, this The answer to your question is yes. Whenpowerisremovedfromthe will result in power being removed from the hoist power circuit andthehoistholding brake shall1be applied automatically. The word removed is applicable to either action by the operator or loss of power.

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2-43

Interpretation 2-45

Subject: ASME B30.2-1996 DateIssued:March

7. 1997

Paragraph 2-1.13.S(d) states the following:

(d) Power-driven hoist shall be designed and constructed so that the load block, either loadedor empty, shallnot exceed theupper limit of travel. On wire-rope hoists, if a geared an additional or other limit switch or device that operates in relationtodrumturnsisused, limit switch or device that operates independent of drumrotationsshallbe provided.

Question: Can a rope guide which prevents the overlapping of rope on thedrum
hoist be considered as an acceptable device to meetpara.2-1.13.S(d)?

of a wire rope

Reply: No. The secondsentence of the paragraph states: ..., an additional limit switch or device that operates independent of drum rotations shallbeprovided. A rope guide intended to prevent the of a wirerope hoist is dependent ondrumrotation to perform overlapping of theropeonthedrum its function. Therefore, therope guide is not considered an acceptable device tomeetthe requirements of para. 2-1.13.5(d).

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STD.ASME 8 3 0 - 2 INT-ENGL W 0757b70 0579720 2T7 W

ASME B30.2 INTERPRETATIONS

Replies to Technical Inquiries December 1993 - December 1995

FOREWORD

This publication includes all of the written replies issued between the indicated dates by the Secretary, speaking for the ASME B30 Committee, Safety Standards for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of B30.2, Overhead and GantryCranes (Top RunningBridge, Single or Multiple Girder, Top Running Trolley Hoist). These repliesaretakenverbatimfromtheoriginalletters except for a few typographical corrections and some minor editorial corrections made for the purpose of improved clarity. In some few instances, a review ofthe interpretation revealed a need for corrections of a technicalnature; in these cases, a corrected interpretation follows immediately after theoriginalreply. These interpretations were prepared i n accordance with the accredited ASME procedures. ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of these interpretations when or if additional information is available whichthe inquirer believesmightaffect the interpretation. Further, persons aggrieved by this interpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. ASME does not approve, certify, rate, or endorse anyitem, construction, proprietary device, or activity.

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630.2 lnterrxetations

2-39,2-40

Interpretation 2-39

Subject: ASME B30.2-

1990

Date Issued: June 20, 1995 Question:Paragraph 2-3.2.3(e) addresses themovement of loads over people by acranecontrolled by an operator. Would you please address the conditions, requirements, and other particulars that relate to the movement of loads over people by afullyautomatic crane? Reply: Section 2-3.2 of ASME B30.2-1990 is titled Handling the Load. Subsection 2-3.2.3 is titled Moving the Load,and para. (e) states the following:Theoperatorshouldavoidcarrying loads Over people. Section 2-0.2 is titled Definitions, and the termsautomaticcrane and shouldare defined as follows:
crane, uutomutic - a crane which, when activated, operatesthrougha preset cycle or cycles should - this word indicates that a rule is a recommendation, the advisability of which depends on the facts i n eachsituation

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Since an automatic crane operatesthrougha preset cycle orcycles when activated, the person who controls suchactivation is the operatorof the crane. Therefore, para. (e)applies to all crane types, includingautomaticcranes. Paragraph (e) uses the word should. Therefore, para. (e) is arecommendation, the advisability of which depends on the facts i n each situation. In any crane operation, the movement of loads over people may be necessary and each situation must be evaluated to determine if any additional precautions or warningdevices may be required. The concern is not only the load in total that is being moved over people, but also how well the load in total, and any parts of the load that may fall, are made secure to their means of support.

Interpretation 2-40

Subject: ASME B30.2- I990 Date Issued: June 20, 1995 Question: In para. 2-1.12.2(f), it is my understanding that the two-brake requirement is only for hoists that handle hot metal anddoes not apply to hoists that do not handle hot metal ( c g . , secondary auxiliaryhoist). Please clarify. Reply:Paragraph
2-1.12.2(f) states the following:

J ( Each independent hoist unit that hoists molten materialsshall have one of the following arrangements. ( I ) Two holdingbrakes (one of which is mounted on a gear reducer shaft) plus control brakingmeansshall be provided. Each brake shall have atorque rating at leastequal to the rated load hoistingtorqueat the pointwhere the brake is applied. (2) If the hoist has amechanical load brake or a control braking means that provides emergency braking in the lowering direction on loss o f power, only one holding brake is required. The holding brake shall have a torque rating at least equal to 150% of the rated load hoistingtorque at the pointwhere the brake is applied.

Paragraph (f) addresses only the hoisting unit or units that hoist molten materials by use of the wording,Eachindependent hoist unit that. , . . Therefore, on cranes havingmultiplehoistingunits, onlythe hoist or hoists that transport molten materialsaresubject to the brake requirements of para. 2-1.12.2(f). Auxiliary hoisting units that do not handle molten material on cranes that do handle molten material are not subject to the brakerequirements of para. 2- I . 12.2(t].
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830.2 Interpretations

Interpretation 2-41
Subject: ASME B30.2- 1990 Date Issued: June 20. 1995

Question ( I ) : Does para. 2-3.1. I(a) indicate that (crane) inspectors are not considered qualified personnel tooperate a cab- or pulpit-operated crane? and Pulpit-Operated Reply ( I ) : Section 2-3.1.1 is titled Operators of Cab-Operated para. (a) lists operators asfollows: by the following qualified personnel: ( I ) designatedpersons; (2) traineesunder the directsupervision of a designatedperson; ( 3 ) maintenance and test personnel, when it is necessary in the performance duties. Section 2-3. I .2 is titled Qualifications and para. (a) statesthefollowing: Cranes, and

( a ) Cranes shall be operatedonly

of their

for Operators of Cab-Operated and Pulpit-Operated Cranes,

( a ) Operatorsshall be required by the employer to pass a written or oral examinationand a practical operating examination unless able to furnishsatisfactory evidence of qualifications and experience. Qualifications shall be limited to the specific type equipment for which examined. No. A craneinspector may be qualified to operate a cab-operated or pulpit-operated crane provided the inspectormeetstherequirements of Section2-3.1.2. Therefore, unless the inspectorreceives the trainingandpassesthe examination i n accordance with para. 2-3.1.2(a), theinspector is not qualified tooperate a crane.
Question (2):Does para. 2-3.1.l(a) indicate that qualified personnel are required, in addition to a (crane) inspector, to perform the inspection of a cab- or pulpit-operated crane? Reply (2): Many inspectionprocedures do not requireoperation of the crane. However, if the crane must be operated during the inspection procedure being performed, and the crane inspector is not qualified to operate the crane, then yes, a qualified crane operator, in addition to the crane inspector, is required.

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Interpretation 2-42

Subject: ASME B30.2b- 1992 Date Issued: December 12, 1995

Section 2-2.2 of ASME B30.2b-1992 states the following:

2-2.2.1 Operational Tests. Prior to initial use, all new, reinstalled, altered, repaired, or modified cranes shall be tested by adesignated person to insure compliance with thisvolume, includingthe following functions: ( a ) liftingandlowering; (b) trolley travel; ( c ) bridgetravel; ( d ) limit .,,,vitches. The tripsetting of hoistlimitdevicesshall be determined by tests with an empty Ittluk traveling in increasing speeds up to the maximum speed. The actuating mechanism of theupper limit deviceshall be located so that it will trip the deviceunder all

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conditions, in sufficienttimeto prevent contact o f the hook orloadblock the trolley or crane. ( e ) locking, limiting, and indicating devices, if provided.

with any part o f

2-2.2.2 Rated Load

Test

altered cranes should be tested and inspected by or under the direction of a designated or authorized person,and a written report be furnished by suchperson, confirming the loadrating o f thecrane. The loadrating should not be more than 80% o f the maximum load sustained during thetest. Test loads shall not be more than 125% o f the rated load, unless otherwise recommended by the manufacturer. The test reports shall be placed on tile where readily available to appointed personnel. ( h ) The rated load test, i f made, shall consist of the following operations as a minimum requirement. ( I ) Hoist the test load a distance to assure that the load i s supported by thecraneand held by the hoist brake(s). (2) Transport the test load by means of the trolley for the full length of the bridge. (3) Transport the test load by means of the bridge for the full length of the runway in one direction with the trolley as close to the extreme right-hand end of thecrane as practical, and in the other direction with the trolley as close to the extreme left-hand end o f thecrane as practical. (4) Lower the test load, andstopand hold the load with the brake(s). Section 2-0.2 i s titled Definitions, andthe words shall and should are defined as follows:

( a ) Prior to initial use, all new, extensively repaired, and

shnll - this word indicates that a rule i s mandatory and must be followed should - this word indicates that a rule i s a recommendation, the advisability of which
dependsonthefacts in each situation

Question ( I ): Paragraph 2-2.2.2(a) statesthat, Prior to initial use, all new, extensively repaired, and altered cranes should betested and inspected by or under the direction o f a designated or authorized person,and a written report be furnished by suchperson, confirming the loadrating of thecrane. Is i t the understanding that the recommendation to test a crane will be determined by a designated or authorized person? Reply ( 1 ): The determination toload test may bemade by anyone who has responsibility over the use o f the crane. Such determination i s not limited to a designated or authorized person as defined in theStandard. Question (2): Is i t the only intent o f this requirement to confirm therated load o f thecrane?

Reply (2): No. Theintent o f the recommendation toload test a cranemay include confirming the proper function and operation of the craneand i s determined by thefacts in each situation. Question (3): Paragraph 2-2.2.2(a) continues with The loadrating should not be more than 80% of the maximum load sustained during the test. Is i t a recommendation that the loadrating should not be more than 80% o f the load sustained during the test? Reply (3): Yes. Question (4): Can the loadrating be 100% of the maximum load sustained during the test?

Reply (4): Yes, but not more than 100% of the rated load o f the crane.

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830.2 Interpretations

Question ( 5 ) : Willthisstill Reply ( 5 ) : Yes.

be considered confirmation of the rated load?

Question (6): Does the B30.2 volumerecommend utilizing the ratedloadtest on an annualbasis to assure proper function and operation of the structural, electrical, and mechanical components of the crane? Reply (6): No. The frequency of load situation. testing a crane may be determined by the facts in each

Question (7): I s the B30.2 volumebeingsatisfied or exceeded if a designated or authorized person decides to perform an annual load test at 100% of the rated capacity, not to confirm the rated capacity, but as part of the periodic inspectionto guarantee proper operation of thehoistholdingbrakeand associated mechanical and/or electrical equipment? Reply (7): Since there is no recommendation to perform a load test as part of the periodic inspection, performing a loadtest will exceed the requirements of a periodic inspection. Question (8): Is the B30.2 volumebeingsatisfied if a designated or authorized person decides to testthe crane at 1 0 0 % of therated capacity after the hoist holdingbrakehasbeen adjusted or the wire rope has been replaced? Again, this is not considered a confirmation of the rated load. It is viewed as a post maintenance testto assure function and operation of theparts maintained. Reply (8): The B30.2 volume does not require or recommend 100% load testing of a crane after brake adjustment or wirerope replacement. Anyload testing ofthe crane is a recommendation to be determined by the facts in each situation. Therefore, such testing exceeds the requirements. Question (9): Does the 830.2 volume require a confirmation of the rated capacity of the entire crane if the wire rope is changed, the hoist motor brake is replaced, the motors are replaced, the eddy current brake is replaced, or thelowerblockis replaced? rope is changed, you mean Reply (9): No, assumingthat by thewords, the wire rope is replaced by a ropeoflikekind. See the answer to Question (8). Question (IO): Does confirmation that the replaced Standard? Reply (IO): Yes. component can handle the load thatthewire

satisfy the

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ASME B302 INTERPRETATIONS

Replies to Technical Inquiries December 1993 - December 1994

FOREWORD This publication includes all of the written replies issued between the indicated dates by the Secretary, speaking for theASME B30 Committee,Safety Standards for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of B30.2, Overhead andGantry Cranes (Top RunningBridge, Single orMultiple Girder, Top Running Trolley Hoist). These replies are taken verbatim from the original letters except for a few typographical corrections and some minor editorial corrections made for the purpose of improved clarity. In some few instances, a review of the interpretation revealed a need for corrections of a technical nature; in these cases, a corrected interpretation follows immediately after the original reply. These interpretations were prepared in accordance with the accredited ASME procedures. ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of these interpretations when or if additional information is available which the inquirer believes might affect the interpretation. Further, persons aggrieved by this interpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. ASME does not approve, certify, rate, or endorseany item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.

33
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830.2 Interpretations

2-38

Interpretation 2-38

Subject: ASME B30.2-1990 Date Issued: December 20.1994 Question (I): Withregard gantry cranes? to para. 2-1.3.1(d), is a wind-indicating device requiredonall outdoor

(d) Outdoor storage gantry cranes shallbeprovidedwithremotely operated rail clamps or other equivalent devices. Parkingbrakes maybeconsideredminimum compliance with this rule. A wind-indicating device shallbeprovided. The device shall give a visibleand audible alarm tothe crane operator at a predeterminedwindvelocity.

Reply (1): Paragraph2- I .3.1(d) of ASME B30.2-1990 states: A wind-indicating device shall be provided. The interpretation by theB30Committeeisthatthismeansthat a wind-indicating device shallbeprovided for allgantry cranes thatoperate on outdoor runways. It shouldbenotedthat the wind-indicating device isnotrequiredtobemountedonthe crane. The performance of the device has improved accuracy when it is mounted in a fixed location where the motion of the crane willnot affect thewindspeed indicated. Therefore, a single device may serve several cranes that operate on the same runway. Question (2): If the reply to Question (1) is No, what length of span separates an outdoor storage gantry crane from an outdoor gantry crane?
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Reply (2): See Reply (1). There are no limits set for length of span or length of runway to determine when a wind-indicating device is required. The device is required for allgantry cranes that operate outdoors.

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