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Basic Engineering Calculations

This document provides information and equations for basic engineering calculations related to flexure design, slenderness parameters, beam bending and deflection, weld strength, bolt strength, and wedge anchor design according to Allowable Stress Design (ASD) methods. Key concepts covered include: - Flexure design requires that the available flexural strength divided by the safety factor exceeds the required strength - Beam bending moment and deflection equations for simple beams under uniform and point loads - Equations for calculating plastic and elastic moment capacity based on section properties - Weld and bolt strength calculations using nominal strength divided by the safety factor - Safety factors and equations provided for calculating allowable strength of welds, bolts in simple and

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774 views12 pages

Basic Engineering Calculations

This document provides information and equations for basic engineering calculations related to flexure design, slenderness parameters, beam bending and deflection, weld strength, bolt strength, and wedge anchor design according to Allowable Stress Design (ASD) methods. Key concepts covered include: - Flexure design requires that the available flexural strength divided by the safety factor exceeds the required strength - Beam bending moment and deflection equations for simple beams under uniform and point loads - Equations for calculating plastic and elastic moment capacity based on section properties - Weld and bolt strength calculations using nominal strength divided by the safety factor - Safety factors and equations provided for calculating allowable strength of welds, bolts in simple and

Uploaded by

rheins2000
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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BASIC ENGINEERING CALCULATIONS (ASD)

FLEXURE DESIGN
FLEXUREthe available flexural strength, Mn/ must be greater than Required Strength, Ma Ma Mn/ = Safety Factor for given loading type (or limit state) --- b = 1.67 for Bending ELASTIC FLEXURE f = Mc/I = Mmax/S Sreqd = Mmax/f Mn = MCR = SXfy PLASTIC FLEXURE f = M/A Mn = Mp = ZXfy
SLENDERNESS PARAMETERS FLB, = bf/2tf (FLANGE LOCAL BUCKLING) WLB, = h/tw (WEB LOCAL BUCKLING) LTB, = Lb/ry (LATERAL-TORSIONAL BUCKLING) Ma = Beam Bending Moment (Maximum Service Load Moment) MCR = Elastic Moment (the second-highest nominal Flexural Strength when = R) = FCRS = 0.7FySx Mn = Nominal Moment Capacity (Nominal Flexural Strength Must be divided by for ASD Capacity) MP = Plastic Moment (the highest possible nominal Flexural Strength for braced & compact members) = FYZ My = Yield Moment = Width-Thickness Ratio (dividing line is P --- if < P, the section is compact and MP can be used) = Deflection L, l = Span I = Moment of Inertia Lb = Unbraced Length (LbLp for a properly braced member) SX = Elastic Section Modulus about the x-axis = I/c Rectangle: S = bd2/6 Solid Round: S = d3/32 Tube: S = [bodo3-bIdI3]/6d ZX = Plastic Section Modulus about the x-axis Rectangle: Z = bd2/4 Solid Round: Z = d3/6 Tube: Z = [do3-dI3]/6 E = Modulus of Elasticity =29,000 ksi for common steels Fy = Yield Stress of Steel (36ksi for A36 Steels) FCR =- Elastic Critical Buckling Stress (determined by equations) IX = Moment of Inertia about x-axis Cb = Lateral-Torsional Buckling Modification Factor

Lb = Unbraced Length J = Torsional Constant

COMMON ENGINEERING EQUATIONS

Plastic Moment Capacity, MP = FyZx, Elastic Moment Capacity, Mr = FySx, Shear Strength, Vn = 0.6FyAw

so Mp/ = FyZx/1.67 = 0.6FyZx so Mr/ = FySx/1.67 = 0.6FySx so Vn/ = 0.6FyAw/1.50 = 0.4FyAw

SIMPLE BEAM, UNIFORM LOAD (FROM 13TH EDITION TABLE 3-23) VMAX = wl/2 MMAX = wl2/2 = 5wl4/384EI SIMPLE BEAM, CONCENTRATED LOAD AT CENTER (FROM 13TH EDITION TABLE 323)

VMAX = P/2 MMAX = Pl/4 = Pl3/48EI SIMPLE BEAM, CONCENTRATED LOAD (FROM 13TH EDITION TABLE 3-23)

WELD STRENGTH
ALLOWABLE STRENGTH for ASD, the allowable strength, R n/ must be greater than the Required Strength, Ra Ra Rn/ = Safety Factor for given loading type (or limit state) WELDS The allowable strength of welds shall be the lower value of: 1) Base Material Strength (Rn = FBMABM) 2) Weld Metal Strength (Rn = FWAW) FW = Nominal Strength of the Weld Metal per Unit Area (ksi) = 0.60F EXX FBM = Nominal Strength of the Base Metal per Unit Area (ksi) = 0.60F u AW = Effective Area of the Weld (in2) ABM = Effective Area of the Base Metal (in2) FEXX = ultimate strength of welding electrode,(ksi) = Fu (weld metal) (cos 45)(1/16) Fu = ultimate strength of base metal Using ASD Table J2.5 (16.1-99), for allowable strength of welds in shear (the most conservative case of all weld loading), F BM or FW = 0.60 FEXX Rn/ = 0.60FEXX/2.00 = 0.30FEXX = 0.30 (FyEXX)(sin 45)(1/16) = (0.30)(70ksi) (0.707)(1/16) Note: (sin 45)(1/16) = effective throat for 1/16 leg of weld = WORST CASE

Rn/ =0.928k/in of weld leg for longitudinally loaded fillet (worst case) Rn/ =1.392k/in of weld leg for transversely loaded fillet
(increased loading angle strength = 1+0.5sin1.5) = 1.5 for = 90

BOLT STRENGTH
ALLOWABLE STRENGTH(ASD) - allowable strength, rn/ must be greater than the
Required Strength, Ra

ra rn/ BOLTS IN SIMPLE BEARING CONNECTIONS


The allowable sheara strength, rn of BOLTS in simple bearing connections is as follows:

rn = FnvAb* (# of shear planes) with = 2.00


Fnv = Nominal Shear strength of fastener (ASD Table J3.2) = 0.50Fu (threads excluded) = 0.40Fu (threads included) Ab = Area of bolt (unthreaded body area only) Fnv values for common bolts: Using ASD Table J3.2 (16.1-104), A325X bolts (threads excluded) = 60 ksi A325N bolts (threads included) = 48 ksi A307 bolts = 24 ksi A36 Threaded Rod = 14.4 ksi So, for a A325 bolt in simple bearing, threads included, rn = FnvAb = (48 ksi) ( (.375)2) = (48)(0.44178) = 21.21k rn/ = 21.21/2 = 10.6k

rn/ =10.6k/BOLT (A325N)(SINGLE SHEAR) rn/ =13.3k/BOLT (A325X)(SINGLE SHEAR) rn/ =5.30k/BOLT (A307)(SINGLE SHEAR)
(SEE ASD TABLE 7-1)
for a A36 Threaded Rod in double shear, threads included, rn = FnvAb = 0.40FuAb = (0.4)(36 ksi) ( (.375)2) = (14.4)(0.44178) = 6.36k rn/ = 6.36/2 = 3.18k

rn/ =3.18k/A36 THREADED ROD (SINGLE SHEAR, THREADS INCLUDED)


BOLTS IN SLIP-CRITICAL CONNECTIONS rn = DnhscTbNs with = 1.5 (designed at serviceability limit state) = 1.76 (designed at required strength level)

rn/ =6.28k/BOLT (A325SC, CLASS A)(SINGLE SHEAR SSH, SERVICIABILITY)

rn/ =5.38/BOLT (A325SC, CLASS A)(SINGLE SHEAR SSH, STRENGTH LIMIT)


(SEE ASD TABLE 7-3)

WEDGE ANCHOR DESIGN


AVAILABLE STRENGTH for ASD, the available strength, Rn/ must be greater than the Required Strength, Ra Ra Rn/ = Safety Factor for given loading type (or limit state) = 4

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