TOPIC: Division of fractions

Example: 3/5%1/4 First the numerator of will become the denominator and the denominator will become the numerator. 3/5 x 4/1 Second multiply it 3/5 x 4/1=12/5 Third if the answer is improper change it to mixed form by dividing it. 5%12=2 2/5 The final answer is 2 2/5 REMEMBER: To divide the fractions, multiply the dividend by the reciprocal of the divisor. Change the answer to its simplest form, if possible.

TOPIC: Multiplication of fractions by mixed numbers

Examples: 5/18x4 =5/182x91/2 Think of the common factor between 9 and 18 it is 9. Divide: 9%9=1; 18%9=2 Multiply 5 by 1 and 2 by 2 Reduce your answer to lowest term =5/4 or 1 REMEMBER: To multiply a fraction by a mixed number, change the mixed number to an improper fraction, then multiply the numerators. Have the product over the product of the denominators.

Example: 4/8 and 2/5 First multiply the numerator by the denominator. Use cross multiplication. 4x5=20 Second multiply the denominator by the numerator. Use again the cross multiplication. 8x2=16 Use the cross multiplication to tell whether , greater than less than another fraction. 4/8 20 2/5 16

The highest number is 20 so the point to the 16 because its the lowest. The final answer 20 > 16

TOPIC: Renaming decimal as fraction

Example: .010 is read as 10 thousandths 10/1 000 10%10= 1/ 1000%10=100 1/100=0.010 First divide 10 to 10 then the answer is 1 then 1 is the numerator then the 1 will become the denominator and add three zeros 1000 divided by 10 is 100 the answer is 1/100 or 0.010 REMEMBER: In changing a decimal number to a fraction, read the decimal number, write it in fraction form and then reduce the fraction to its lowest term

TOPIC: Writing fraction

Example: 4/8 % 4= the answer is 4/8 or

5/10 % 5=1/2 the final answer is 5/10 or REMEMBER: We write fractions in this way 2/3 2 is the numerator 3 is the denominator Two different fractions sometimes suggest the same number of objects in a set or the same part of a region. Two such fractions are equivalent to each other.

TOPIC: Least common multiple (LCM)

Example: 12 and 36 6/12 36 2/ 2 6 3/ 1 3 / 1 1 REMEMBER: The least common multiple (LCM) is the least number greater than one that can divide 2 or more given numbers without any remainder. 6x2=12 12x3=36 the LCM is 36

if the number is 1 multiply the factors and if its done the answer in the factors is the answer in the LCM.

TOPIC: Mixed numbers to improper fractions and vice-versa

Example: 1 2/3 first multiply whole by the denominator. 1x3=3 Next is Add the answer to the numerator. 3+2=5 The answer is 5/3 REMEMBER: To change mixed number to an improper fraction, multiply the whole number by the denominator of the fractional part then add the product to the Numerator. The denominator of the result of the step above is the same as the denominator of the fractional part of the mixed number To change an improper fraction to a mixed number, divide the numerator by the denominator. The quotient is the whole number of the mixed number and the remainder becomes the numerator while the denominator remains the same as in the improper fraction.

TOPICS: Multiplication of fraction by other fractions

Example: 4/5 and 10/16 First use cancellation. Cross the numerator and denominator 4/51, 102 /16 Second cross the denominator and numerator
1

4/51, 102/164=2/4

Third express the answer to lowest term if necessary 2/4%2=1/2 The final answer is 2/4 or 1/2 REMEMBER: To multiply two fractions, find the product of the numerators and have this over the product of the denominators. Express the answer in its lowest terms, if necessary.

TOPIC: Multiplication of fractions by whole numbers

Example: 5/8x5 First multiply the whole number by the numerator 5x5=25 Second copy the denominator 25/8 third change the product to its simplest form 25/8=5 The final answer is 5

REMEMBER: To multiply fractions by whole numbers, multiply the numerator by the whole number and have the product over the denominator of the fraction. Change the product to its simplest form, if needed. Cancellation can also be used in multiplying fractions by whole numbers.

TOPIC: Subtraction of dissimilar fractions

Example: 3/4, 1/5, 2/5 First get the LCD of the denominators 5/4 5 5 /4 1 1

Second multiply the factors 5x1x1x4=20 Third divide the both denominators and multiply to the numerator 4%20=5x3=15, 5%20=4x1=4 and 5%20=4x2=8 Fourth subtract all the numerators 15/20 4/20=11/20 8/20=3/20 The final answer is 3/20 REMEMBER: To subtract dissimilar fractions, change them first to similar fractions by finding the LCD, then subtract the numerators and have the difference over the denominator.

TOPIC: Subtraction of similar fractions

Example: 5 8/12 and 2 4/6 First subtract the whole number. 5 2=3 Second subtract the both the numerators. 8 4=4 Third subtract both the denominators. 12 6=6 Solution: 5 8/12 2 4/6=3 4/6 The final answer is: 3 4/6 REMEMBER: To subtract similar fractions, find the difference of the numerators and have this over the common denominator. In cases where the numerator in the minuend is smaller than the numerator and rename the whole number as a mixed number with the same denominator.

TOPIC: Addition of dissimilar fractions

Example: 1/10, 1/20, 3/15 First get the LCD then multiply the factors 5/10 20 15 2/ 2 4 2/ 1 2 2/ 1 1 3 3 3

Then multiply the factors. 5x2x2x2x1x1x3=120 Second divide the denominator by denominator then multiply to the numerator. 1/10, 12/120, 1/20, 6/120, 3/15, 24/120 Third add all the numerators. 12+6+24=42 The final answer is 42/120.

REMEMBER: To add dissimilar fraction, first make the fractions similar by finding the least common denominator, and then follow the steps in adding similar fractions.

TOPIC: Addition of similar fractions

Example: 5/3 and 4/3 First add the numerator by numerator and then copy the denominator. 5/3+4/3=9/6 Second divide the numerator and denominator. 9%6=1 3/2 The final answer is 1 3/2 1 will become whole number. Multiply the denominator by the whole number then numerator minus denominator. Copy the denominator. 12/10 + 15/10=27/10 27%10=2 7/10 The final answer is 2 7/10

REMEMBER: To add similar fractions, add the numerators and have the sum over the common denominator. Do the same with mixed numbers. Add the similar fractions and then find the sum of the whole numbers.

TOPIC: Ordering fractions

Example: Ken have 1/5 of orange, Leonard have 3/8 of mango and Derrick have 5/10 strawberry. First we arrange it to ascending order, ascending order is from least to greatest fraction. 1/5 of orange, 3/8 of mango, and 5/10 of strawberry Second we arrange it to descending order, descending order is from greatest to least fraction. 5/10 of strawberry, 3/8 of mango and /5 of orange REMEMBER: In ordering fraction, always considered that the bigger the numerator the bigger the number of equivalent parts of the whole will be.

TOPIC: Comparing fractions

REMEMBER: We can compare fractions and mixed numbers using different methods as: Cross multiplication Get the product of the first numerator and the second denominator write under the first fraction. Get the product of the first denominator and the second numerator write under the second fraction. Compare the results. Find the LCD of the given fractions and then convert them to similar fractions. To determine whether a given fraction is close to 0, or 1, use the number lines to visualize the fractions. The bigger or greater the fraction, the nearer or closer it is to 0. If the numerator is greater than of the denominator, the fraction is greater than and close to 1. If the numerator is less than of the denominator, the fraction is less than and close to If the numerator is 1, the fraction is small and close to 0.

TOPIC: Fraction in lowest term

Example: 9/15 9 is divisible by 3 9%3=3 15 is divisible by 3 15%3=5 The answer is 3/5 6/12 6 is divisible by 6 6%6=1 12 is divisible by 6 12%6=2 The answer is 1/2 REMEMBER:

To find the lowest terms of a fraction, find the GCF of the two terms of the fraction. Then divide both terms by the GCF.

TOPIC: Equivalent fractions

Example: You can have some equivalent fraction by multiplying the numerator and denominator by the same number . 2/3 2x2=4 3x2=6 The answer is 4/6 You can find other equivalent fractions by dividing the numerator and denominator by the same number. 5/10 5%5=1 10%5=2 The answer is 1/2 REMEMBER: Fractions are equivalent when they name or refer to the same fractional part of a whole.

TOPIC: Renaming fractions as decimals:

Example: 5%1.00=0.20 The fraction of the decimal is 1/5=0.20 0.20 is terminating because the remainder is zero.

4%8.00=2.00 The fraction of the decimal is 4/8 =2.00 2.00 is terminating because the remainder is zero. REMEMBER: In changing a decimal number to a fraction, read the decimal number, write it in fraction form and then reduce the fraction to its lowest term.

TOPIC: Greatest Common factor (GCF)

Example: Get the GCF of 4and 6 4and 6 to get the GCF we will use continues division 2/4 6
/ 2 3 when the two number is prime and composite stop dividing it so the answer is 2 Get the GCF of 3 and 9

3/3 9 / 1 3 the number is now prime and composite so the GCF is 3 REMEMBER: The greatest common factor (GCF) of 2 or more given numbers is the largest number that can divide the numbers.

TOPIC: Prime factor of a given number

Example: Factors of 24 24=4x6 factors of 4 2x2 Factors of 6 3x2

REMEMBER: A whole number greater than 1 is composite if it has more than two different factors. Composite numbers can be expressed as a product of prime factors in different ways ending with the same set of factors.

Example: 636 divisible by 6 636%6=16 6%6=1 6x1=6 6 6=0

6%3= cannot be bring 6 it will become 36 6%36=6 6x6=36 36 36=0

636 is divisible by 6 936 divisible by 3 936%3=312 9%3=3 3%3=1 6%3=2 3x3=9 3x1=3 3x2=6 9 9=0 3 3=0 6 6=0

936 is divisible by 3 484%4=121 4%4=1 8%4=2 4%4=1 4x1=4 4x2=8 4x1=4 4 4=0 8 8=0 4 4=0

484 is divisible by 4

TOPIC: Prime and Composite

Example: What are the factors of 36 36=6x6, 3 x12, 4x9, 2x18 the factors of 36 are 6,3,4,2 thats we call composite What is the factor of 5 5=5x1 Thats we call prime because the factor is 1 and itself REMEMBER BER: The whole Number that Have more than one factor pair aside from 1 and the number itself are called composite numbers. The whole numbers that have only one factor pair, that is, 1 and the number itself, are called prime numbers.

Rafael Palma Elementary School

2nd Grading

Prepared by:

JEREMY ASHLY A. PASION

Mrs. FLODELINA I. ROS

TOPIC: Division of Decimal

REMEMBER:
In dividing a whole number by a decimal, multiply the divisor by 10,100 or 1000 to make it a whole number. Multiply the dividend by the same power of 10 that you used in your divisor and then divide just like dividing whole numbers. When dividing mixed decimals by mixed decimal, move the decimal point in the divisor as many places to the right as necessary to make it a whole number. Move the decimal point in the dividend as many places to the right as in the divisor. When dividing decimals by .1,.01,.001mentaly,just move the decimal point one place to the left, two places to the left and three places to the to the left respectively, in your quotient. Where the dividend is smaller or less than the divisor, put a decimal point in the dividend, annex the necessary zeros and then divide as in dividing a whole numbers. If you notice that the numerals in the quotient are continuously repeating put ellipsis (.) indicating that the numerals repeat unendingly. When the numerals in the quotient are not repeated, just continue dividing as a whole numbers. Place the decimal point in the quotient directly above the decimal point in the dividend.

Examples: Erick has 5 pieces of apples the weight of all apples is 1.4 kilograms. How many kilograms does each apple have?

5%1.4=2 5x2=10 14-10=4 Four add zero became 40 40%5=8 The final answer is 28 kilograms Jenny is buying 4 ballpen each cost is php 8.2.how much the cost of all ballpen? 4%8.2=2 Multiply the answer by the divisor then bring down two and add zero. 4x2=8 20%4=5 8-8=0 5x4=20 20-20=0 the final answer is php 25.00

TOPIC: Divisibility Rules

REMEMBER: A number is divisible by: 2-if the number ends in even numbers (0, 2, 4, 6, 8) 3-if the sum of its digits is divisible by 3 Example: 561=5+6+1=12:12 is divisible by 3 E product from t 4-if the number has 2 last digits divisible by 4 Example: 252; 52 is divisible by 4 so 252 is divisible by 4 5-if the number ends in 0 or 5 6-if the number is even and the sum of its digits is divisible by 3, the number is divisible by 6. Example: 498; 4+9+8=21; 21 is divisible by 3 so 498 is divisible by 6 7-multiply the last digit by 2, subtract the product from the remaining digits, and if the difference is divisible by 7 the number is divisible by 7 repeat the process if the number is big. Example: 24 822 - 2x2=4 - 2 482-4=2 487 2 478 8x2=16 247 16 =231 231 1x2=2 23 2 =21 Since 21 is divisible by 7, therefore 24 822 is divisible by 7. 8 If the number has the last 3 digits divisible by 8 Example: 1 432,432 % 8= 54; 1 432 is divisible by 8 9 If the sum of the digits is divisible by 9 Example: 2 + 8 + 9+