Scribd
Upload
827 views5 pages

Power System Analysis - Stevenson - Grainger - Annex

The document provides tables of typical electrical characteristics for power transformers and synchronous machines. Table A.1 lists the typical range of reactances for power transformers of different sizes based on nominal system voltage. Table A.2 shows typical reactance values per unit for different types of turbine generators and salient-pole generators. Table A.3 provides the electrical characteristics, including resistance and reactance, of bare aluminum conductors with steel reinforcement for various standard conductor sizes. Table A.4 gives the inductive reactance spacing factor at 60 Hz for different conductor separations measured in inches and feet.

Uploaded by

Saghir Ahmad
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
827 views5 pages

Power System Analysis - Stevenson - Grainger - Annex

The document provides tables of typical electrical characteristics for power transformers and synchronous machines. Table A.1 lists the typical range of reactances for power transformers of different sizes based on nominal system voltage. Table A.2 shows typical reactance values per unit for different types of turbine generators and salient-pole generators. Table A.3 provides the electrical characteristics, including resistance and reactance, of bare aluminum conductors with steel reinforcement for various standard conductor sizes. Table A.4 gives the inductive reactance spacing factor at 60 Hz for different conductor separations measured in inches and feet.

Uploaded by

Saghir Ahmad
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

APPENDIX

TABLE A.l

Typical range of transformer reactancest


Power transformers 25,000 kVA and l a rger

Nominal system voltage, kV


34 . 5
69
1 15
1 38
161
230
345
500
700

Forced-air-cooled, %
5-8

Forced-oll-cooled, %
9-14

6- 1 0

1 0- 1 6

6- 1 1

1 0-20

6-13

1 0-22

6- 1 4

1 1-25

7- 1 6

1 2-27

8-1 7

1 3-28

1 0-20

1 6-34

1 1-2 1

1 9-35

P erce nt on rated kilovoltampere base. Typical transformers Ilre now designed for the minimum

1 %.

reactance value shown. Dis tribution transformers have considerably lower reac tance. Resistances of
transformers are usually lower than

748

APPENDIX A

749

TABLE A.2

Typical reactances of three-phase synchronous machinest


Values are per unit. For each reactance a range of values is l isted below the typical value*

Turbine-genera tors
2-pole
Conventional
cooled
1 .76

Xd

1 .7- 1 .82

Xq

1 .66 .
1 .63- 1 .69

0.2 1

X"
d

Xl

0. 1 8-0.23

Salient-pole generators

4-pole

Con ductor
cooled

1.95

Conven tiona I
cooled

Conductor
cooled

1 . 38

1 . 87

l .7 2-2. 1 7

1 . 2 1 - 1 . 55

1 .6-2. 1 3

1 . 93

1 .3 5

\ .7 1 -2. 1 4

1 . l 7 - 1 . 52

0.33
0.264 0 . 3 8 7

0.26
0.25-0.27

With
dampers

Wi t h o u t

da mpers

0.6- 1 .5

0.6- 1 . 5

1.82

0.6

0.6

1 . 56-2.07

0.4-0.8

0.4-0.8

0.4 1

0.32

0.32

0.3 5-0.467

0.25-0.5

0. 25-0. 5

0. 1 3

0.28

0. 1 9

0.29

0.2

0.30

0. 1 1 -0. 1 4

0.23-0. 3 2 3

0. 1 84-0. 1 97

0.269-0.32

0. 1 3-0.32

0.2-0. 5

= X

0.2

0.40

0. 1 3-0.3 2

0.30-0.45

= X

= X

= X

Xo
t

O a t a furnished by ABB Power T & 0 Company, Inc.

Xo

Reactances of older machines will generally be close to minimum values.


varies

X:;.

so critically with

from 0 . 1 to 0.7 of

armature winding pitch that a n average value can hardly be given .

Variation

is

TABLE A.3

Electrical characteristics of bare aluminum conductors steel-reinforced

(ACS R)t

Resistance
Reactance per conductor
I -it spacing, 60 H z
A c , 60 H z

Code word

Aluminum

Stranding

Layers of

area, cmil

AI/St

a l um i nu m

Capacitive

GMR
D., (t

I n ductive

X ,

Xa , n/mi

M n mi

Qutsid.e

Dc, 20C,

20C,

50 C

diamer, in

n/ 1 ,OOO ft

fl/mi

n/mi

0 . 609

0 . 0646

0 . 34 8 8

0 . 38 3 1

0 . 0 1 98

0 . 476

0 . 1 09 0

0 . 64 2

0 . 0640

0 . 34 5 2

0 . 3792

0 . 02 1 7

0 . 4 65

0 . 1 07 4

Waxwi ng

266 , 800

1 8 /1

Partridge

266 , 800

26/7

Os t ric h

3 00 , 000

26/7

0 . 68 0

0 . 0569

0 . 3070

0 . 33 7 2

0 . 02 2 9

0 . 4 58

0 . 1 05 7

336 , 400

18/1

0 . 684

0 . 05 1 2

0 . 2767

0 . 3037

0 . 02 2 2

0 . 462

0 . 1055

336 , 400

26/7

0 . 72 1

0 . 0507

0 . 27 3 7

0 . 3006

0 . 0243

0 . 451

0 . 1 04 0

Oriole

336 , 400

30/7

0 . 74 1

0 . 0504

0 . 27 1 9

0 . 2987

0 . 02 5 5

0 . 44 5

0 . 1 03 2

Merlin

Li nnet

Chickadee

397 , 500

18/1

0 . 743

0 . 04 3 3

0 . 2342

0 . 2572

0 . 024 1

0 . 45 2

0 . 1031

Ibi

397 , 500

26/7

0 . 783

0 . 04 3 0

0 . 2323

0 . 2551

0 . 0264

0 . 44 1

0 . 1015

Pelican

4 77 , 000

1 8/ 1

0. 814

0 . 03 6 1

0 . 1 957

0 . 2148

0 . 0264

0 . 441

0 . 1 004

Flicker

477 , 000

24/7

0 . 84 6

0 . 0359

0 . 1943

0 . 2 1 34

0 . 0284

0 . 432

0 . 0992

Hawk

477 , 000

26/7

0 . 858

0 . 03 5 7

0. 193 !

0 . 2 1 20

0 . 0289

0 . 4 30

0 . 0988

Hen

477 , 000

30/7

0 . 883

0 . 0355

0 . 1919

0 . 2 1 07

0 . 0304

0 . 424

0 . 0980

Osprey

556 , 500

1 8/ 1

Parakeet

556 , 500

24/7

0 . 879

0 . 0309

0 . 1 679

0 . 1 84 3

0 . 0284

0 . 432

0 . 09 8 1

0 . 9 14

0 . 0308

0 . 1 669

0 . 1 83 2

0 . 03 0 6

0 . 4 23

0 . 09 6 9
0 . 09 6 5

Dove

556 , 500

26/7

0 . 927

0 . 0307

0 . 1 663

0 . 1 826

0 . 03 1 4

0 . 420

Rook

636 , 000

24/7

0 . 97 7

0 . 0269

0 . 146!

0 . 1 603

0 . 03 2 7

0. 415

0 . 09 5 0

G ros benk

636 , 000

26/7

0 . 990

0 . 0268

0 . 1 4 5-1

0 . 1 596

0 . 0335

0. 412

0 . 09 4 6

Drake

795 , 000

26/7

1 . 108

0 . 02 1 5

0 . 1 1 72

0 . 1 284

0 . 0373

0 . 39 9

0 . 09 1 2

Tern

795 . 000

45/7

1 . 063

0 .0217

0 . 1 1 88

0 . 1 302

0 . 03 5 2

0 . 406

0 . 09 2 5

Rail

954 , 000

45/7

Card i n a l

9 5 4 , 000

54/7

1 , 033 , 500

:.I

Ortolan
Bl uej a y

1 , 1 1 3 , 000

Finch

1 , 1 1 3 , 000

Bobolink

1 , 4 3 1 , 000

Pl o v er

1 , 4 3 1 . 000

Falcon

1 , 590 , 000

Bluebird

2 , 1 56 , 000

Bittern

1 , 27 2 , 000

PbeB.Ba n t

1 . 27 2 . 000

Lap","ing

1 , 590 , 000

Data,

t Most used multilayer sizes.


by perm i ss io n

I
,

from Aluminum

1 . 1 65

0.0181

0 . 09 9 7

0 . 1 092

0 . 0386

0 . 39 5

0 . 0897

1 . 1 96

0 . 0 1 80

0 . 0988

0 . 1 082

0 . 0402

0 . 39 0

0 . 08 9 0

45/7

1 . 213

0 . 0 1 67

0 . 0921

0. 1011

0 . 0 0 2

0 . 390

0 . 0885

45/7

1 . 259

0 . 0 1 55

0 . 086 1

0 . 094 1

0 . 04 1 5

0 . 386

0 . 0874

54/ 1 9

1 . 29 3

0 . 01 5 5

0 . 0856

0 . 0937

0 . 0436

0 . 380

0 . 0866

45/ 7

1 . 345

0 . 0136

0 . 0762

0 . 0832

0 . 04 4 4

0 . 378

0 . 08 5 5

54/ 1 9

1 . 382

0 . 0135

0 . 07 5 1

0 . 0821

0 . 0466

0 . 372

0 . 08 4 7

45/7

1 . 427

0. 0121

0 . 068-1

0 . 0746

0 . 04 7 0

0 . 37 1

0 . 08 3 7

0 . 0673

0 . 0735

0 . 04 9 4

0 . 365

0 . 08 2 9

O . 062:l

0 . 0678

0 . 04 9 8

0 . 364

0 . 08 2 2

54/ 1 9

1 . 465

0 . 0 1 20

45/7

1 . 502

0 . 0109

54/ 1 9

1 . 54 5

0 . 0 1 08

84/ 1 9

1 . 762

0 . 0080

A ssociation,

0 . 06 1 2

0 . 0667

0 . 0523

0 . 358

0 . 08 1 4

0 . 0476

0 . 05 1 5

0 . 0586

0 . 344

0 . 0776

A luminum Electrical ConductQr Handbook, 2nd ed., Washington, D . C . , 1 98 2 .

TABLE A.4

Inductive reactance spacing factor

Xd

a t 60 Hzt (oh m s per mile per conductor)


Sepnrution

Inches
Feet

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

14

15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
'25
26

27

28
29

30
31

32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

41
42
43

44
45

46
47
48
49

. . . . . .
0
0 . 01',4 1
0 . 1 333
0 . 1682
0 . 1 953
0 . 2 1 74
0 . 2361
0 . 2523
0 . 2666
0 . 2794
0 . 29 1 0
0 . 30 1 5
0 . 3112
0 . 3202
0 . 3286
0 . 3364
0 . 3438
0 . 3 507
0 . 3573
0 . 3635
0 . 3694
0 . 37 5 1
0 . 3805
0 . 3856
0 . 3906
0 . 3953
0 . 3999
0 . 4043
0 . 4086
0 . 4 1 27
0 . 4 1 67
0 . 4205
0 . 4243
0 . 4279
0 . 43 1 4
0 . 4 34 8
0 . 4382
0 . 44 14
0 . 4445
0 . 4476
0 . 4 506
0 . 4535
0 . 4&64
0 . 4592
0 . 4619
0 . 4646
0 . 4672

- 0 . 30 1 .';
0 . 0097
0 . 08 9 1
0 . 1366
0 . 1707
0 . 1 973
0 . 2191
0 . 2376

- 0 . 2 1 74
0 . 0 1 87
0 . 0938
0 . 1 399
0 . 1732
0 . 1993
0 . 2207
0 . 2390

- 0 . 1 682
0 . 027 1
0 . 0984
0 . 1 4 30
0 . 1 756
0 . 20 1 2
0 . 2224
0 . 2404

1)

10

11

- 0 . 1 333
0 . 03 4 9
0 . 1 028
0 . 1461
0 . 1 77 9
0 . 20 3 1
0 :2240
0 . 24 1 8

- 0 . 1 062
0 . 04 2 3
O . 107 1
0. 1491
0 . 1 802
0 . 2050
0 . 2256
0 . 24 3 1

- 0 . 084 1
0 . 04 9 2
0. 1 1 12
0 . 1 520
0 . 1 825
0 . 2069
0 . 2 27 1
0 . 24 4 5

- 0 . 0654
0 . 0558
0 . 1 1 52
0 . 1 54 9
0 . 1847
0 . 2087
0 . 2287
0 . 2458

- 0 . 0492
0 . 0620
0 . 1 1 90
0 . 1 577
0 . 1869
0 . 2 1 05
0 . 2302
0 . 24 7 2

- 0 . 03 4 9
0 . 0679
0 . 1 22 7
0 . 1 604
0 . 1891
0 . 2 1 23
0 . 23 1 7
0 . 24 85

- 0 . 0221
0 . 07 3 5
0 . 1 26 4
0 . 1 63 1
0. 1912
0 . 2 14 0
0 . 23 3 2
0 . 24gS

- 0 . 0 1 06
0 . 0789
0 . 1 29 9
0 . 1 65 7
0 . 1 93 3
0 . 2 1 57
0 . 2347
0 . 25 1 1

At 60 Hz, in !l/mi per cond uctor


X d = 0 . 2794 log d
d = separati on, ft
For three-phase li nes
d = D.q

0 . 4697
0 . 4722

tFrom Electrical TraltSmission and Distribution Reference Book, by permission

of the ABB Power T & D Comp any, I nc .

TABLE A.S

Shunt capacitance-reactance spacing factor Xd at 10 Hz

(megaohm-miles per conductor)

Sepsration
Feet

Inches

10

11

- 0 . 0 1 20
0 . 0 1 52
0 . 0291
0 . 0385
0 . 04 57
0 . 05 1 5
0 . 0563
0 . 0604

- 0 . 0085
0 . 0 1 66
0 . 0300
0 . 0392
0 . 0462
0 . 05 1 9
0 . 0567
0 . 0608

- 0 . 0054
0 . 0180
0 . 0309
0 . 0399
0 . 0467
0 . 0523
0 . 0570
0 . 06 1 1

- 0 . 0026
0 . 01 9 3
0 . 0318
0 . 0405
0 . 0473
0 . 0527
0 . 0574
0 . 06 1 4

1
2
3
4

5
6
7
8

9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

20
21
22

23
24

25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34

35

36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49

. . . . . .
0
0 . 0206
0 . 0326
0 . 04 1 1
0 . 0478
0 . 0532
0 . 0577
0 . 06 1 7
0 . 0652
0 . 0683
0 . 07 1 1
0 . 0737
0 . 0761
0 . 0783
0 . 0803
0 . 0823
0 . 084 1
0 . 0858
0 . 0874
0 . 0889
0 . 0903
0 . 09 1 7
0 . 0930
0 . 0943
0 . 0955
0 . 0967
0 . 0978
0 . 0989
0 . 0999
0 . 1009
0 . 1019
0 . 1028
0 . 1037
0 . 1046
0 . 1055
0 . 1063
0. 1071
0 . 1 079
0 . 1087
0 . 1094
0 . 1 102
0 . 1 109
0 . 1 1 16
0 . 1 123
0 . 1 129
0 . 1 1 36
0 . 1 142
0 . 1 149
0 . 1 155

From Electrical

- 0 . 0737
0 . 0024
0 . 02 1 8
0 . 0334
0 . 04 1 7
0 . 0482
0 . 0536
0 . 0581

Transmission

- 0 . 0.S32
0 . 00!6
0 . 0229
0 . 0342
0 . 04 23
0 . 0487
0 . 0540
0 :0584

- 0 . 04 1 1
0 . 0066
0 . 0241
0 . 0350
0 . 0429
0 . 0492
0 . 0544
0 . 0588

- 0 . 0326
0 . 008 5
0 . 02 5 1
0 . 0357
0 . 0435
0 . 0497
0 . 0548
0 . 05 9 1

- 0 . 02 60
0 . 0 1 03
0 . 0262
0 . 0365
0 . 04 4 1
0 . 050 1
0 . 0552
0 . 0594

- 0 . 0206
0 . 0 1 20
0 . 0272
0 . 0372
0 . 0446
0 . 0506
0 . 0555
0 . 0598

- 0 . 0 1 60
0 . 0 1 36
0 . 0282
0 . 0379
0 . 0452
0 . 05 1 0
0 . 0559
0 . 060 1

At 60 Hz:. in M O ' mi per conductor


X d' = 0.06831 log d
d = separati on, ft
For three-phlUle l i nes
d .. D e q

and

Distribution Reference Book. by

permission of the ABB Power T & 0 Company. Inc.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy