>10 000 Notebooks >2,000 PCs & Workstations >4,500 PCs & Workstations

3,000 Points 230 Points

6x Halls of Libraries
Residence 2,800 Points
Notebook Acad. Staff Student PC
Dept LANs Lab PCs
Users PCs Clusters Faculties, LTs,
Seminar Rooms,
NUS Secure Common Areas
Student Plug-n-Play Virtual
Wireless Acad.
Virtual LAN 500 Points
Virtual LAN Virtual LAN Lan (Supports Video
Streaming to every port)
Origin Canteens
CRA Authentication
2000 & YIH
Y NUSNET Backbone Firewalls
J90 Gigabit Ethernet
Supercomputers
(24 Gbps) 155 Mbps
Admin Staff PCs
Internet
500 PCs (Supports Video Streaming to
Admin. Firewalls Seattle
every port)
Admin. Firewalls (Internet/ Internet 2
Virtual LAN GE Connections)
Web Server Thru: Starhub
Farm

Admin database
Servers
Digital
Library Net TV Internet
Intranet
Servers

NUSNET Topology
Core
(1st Tier)
24 Gbps
(Aggregate GE Bandwidth)

2 Gbps (GE) Distribution

(2nd Tier)
Edge
(3rd Tier)
15 GE Switches
1 Gbps (GE)

646 (48-port 10/100Mbps)

Ethernet Switches
10/100 Mbps
for every user

CS3103 Computer Networks & Protocols Know Your Networks - 1

 Residential access: cable modems

Diagram: http://www.cabledatacomnews.com/cmic/diagram.html
Source: Computer Networking – Jim Kurose, 3rd Edition

CS3103 Computer Networks & Protocols Know Your Networks - 2

 Cable Network Architecture: Overview

Typically 500 to 5,000 homes

cable headend

home
cable distribution
network (simplified)

Source: Computer Networking – Jim Kurose, 3rd Edition

Cable Network Architecture: Overview

cable headend

home
cable distribution
network (simplified)

Source: Computer Networking – Jim Kurose, 3rd Edition

CS3103 Computer Networks & Protocols Know Your Networks - 3

 Cable Network Architecture: Overview

server(s)

cable headend

home
cable distribution
network

Source: Computer Networking – Jim Kurose, 3rd Edition

Cable Network Architecture: Overview

FDM:
C
O
V V V V V V N
I I I I I I D D T
D D D D D D A A R
E E E E E E T T O
O O O O O O A A L

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Channels

cable headend

home
cable distribution
network

Source: Computer Networking – Jim Kurose, 3rd Edition

CS3103 Computer Networks & Protocols Know Your Networks - 4

 Company access: local area networks
• company/univ local area
network (LAN) connects
end system to edge router
• Ethernet:
– shared or dedicated link
connects end system
and router
– 10 Mbs, 100Mbps,
Gigabit Ethernet
• LANs: chapter 5

Source: Computer Networking – Jim Kurose, 3rd Edition

Wireless access networks

• shared wireless access
network connects end system
to router router
– via base station aka “access
base
point”
station
• wireless LANs:
– 802.11b (WiFi): 11 Mbps
• wider-area wireless access
– provided by telco operator mobile
hosts
– 3G ~ 384 kbps
• Will it happen??
– WAP/GPRS in Europe
Source: Computer Networking – Jim Kurose, 3rd Edition

CS3103 Computer Networks & Protocols Know Your Networks - 5

 Home networks
Typical home network components:
• ADSL or cable modem
• router/firewall/NAT
• Ethernet
• wireless access
point wireless
to/from laptops
cable router/
cable
modem firewall
headend
wireless
access
Ethernet point

Source: Computer Networking – Jim Kurose, 3rd Edition

• Internet has proliferated rapidly

Date Hosts
12/69 4
12/79 188
01/89 80,000
07/95 6,642,000
07/95 8,200,000
07/96 16,729,000
07/97 26,053,000
07/98 36,739,000
07/99 56,218,000
(projection)
07/00 80,000,000

CS3103 Computer Networks & Protocols Know Your Networks - 6

 WWW Growth:
Date Sites | Date Sites | Date Sites
----- ---------- + ----- ---------- + ----- ----------
06/93 130 | 04/97 1,002,512 | 10/98 3,358,969
09/93 204 | 05/97 1,044,163 | 11/98 3,518,158
10/93 228 | 06/97 1,117,255 | 12/98 3,689,227
12/93 623 | 07/97 1,203,096 | 01/99 4,062,280
06/94 2,738 | 08/97 1,269,800 | 02/99 4,301,512
12/94 10,022 | 09/97 1,364,714 | 03/99 4,389,131
06/95 23,500 | 10/97 1,466,906 | 04/99 5,040,663
01/96 100,000 | 11/97 1,553,998 | 05/99 5,414,325
06/96 252,000 | 12/97 1,681,868 | 06/99 6,177,453
07/96 299,403 | 01/98 1,834,710 | 07/99 6,598,697
08/96 342,081 | 02/98 1,920,933 | 08/99 7,078,194
09/96 397,281 | 03/98 2,084,473 | 09/99 7,370,929
10/96 462,047 | 04/98 2,215,195 | 10/99 8,115,828
11/96 525,906 | 05/98 2,308,502 | 11/99 8,844,573
12/96 603,367 | 06/98 2,410,067 | 12/99 9,560,866
01/97 646,162 | 07/98 2,594,622 | 01/00 9,950,491
02/97 739,688 | 08/98 2,807,588 | 02/00 11,161,811
03/97 883,149 | 09/98 3,156,324 | 03/00 13,106,190
| 04/00 14,322,950
| 05/00 15,049,382
| 06/00 17,119,262
Sites = # of web servers (one host may have multiple sites by
using different domains or port numbers)

Please refer to the website in the slide (Hobbes’ Internet Timeline for
Latest stastics

CS3103 Computer Networks & Protocols Know Your Networks - 7

 Network Evolution : Spiral

Commodity Privatization
(Commercialization) (+ Partners)

Commercial
ISP’s Academic
[ANSnet] Networks

[ARPAnet]
Gigabit [NSFnet]
Testbeds Testbeds
, CANET II
Internet3
[vBNS, Abilene] I2, SingAREN, APAN]
R&D/Experimental
R&D/Production
Source: Prof Goto, www.apan.net (+ Partners)

Traffic Characteristics:
Research networks vs. Commodity Internet

Other
Multicast
SMTP
DNS
shell/cmd
ssh
NNTP
Games
FTP
Web

CS3103 Computer Networks & Protocols Know Your Networks - 8

 Internet2 Mission
Facilitate and coordinate the development,
deployment, operation and technology
transfer of advanced, network-based
applications and network services to further
research and higher education and accelerate
the availability of new services and
applications on the Internet.

Internet2 Member Universities

132 Members as of October 1998

Hawaii http://www.internet2.edu

CS3103 Computer Networks & Protocols Know Your Networks - 9

 Abilene Network
1999
Seattle

Eugene Westfield
Minneapolis

New York New Haven

Cleveland Newar
Detroit
Trent
k
Salt Lake City on
Philadelp
Pittsburgh Wilmington
hia
Lincoln Columbus
Sacramento Indianapolis Washington
Oakland Denver

Kansas City
Raleigh
Albuquerque
Oklahoma City Nashville
Los Angeles
Atlanta
Anaheim Phoenix

Dallas

Abilene
Router Node Access Node Planned 1999 New Orleans
Houston
Peering Point - NGIX
Miami

33 Total Access Points

Optical Internet Architecture

Both sides of 4/BLSR 1:1 span
ring used for IP traffic
Traditional SONET
Gear

OADM SONET
SONET OADM

3 0C-48 Tx
1 OC-48 Rx

High Priority
Traffic
Asymmetric Traditional SONET Restoral Cannot exceed
Tx/Rx lambdas 50% of bandwidth
Low priority traffic
that can be in case of fiber cut
that can be buffered
dynamically
or have packet loss
altered
in case of fiber cut

CS3103 Computer Networks & Protocols Know Your Networks - 10

 ..
Future look

Courtesy: Dr. Vint Cerf

Space: the final frontier

Our 25 year mission: to go where

no network has gone before!

Courtesy: Dr. Vint Cerf

CS3103 Computer Networks & Protocols Know Your Networks - 11

 Courtesy: Dr. Vint Cerf

Courtesy: Dr. Vint Cerf

CS3103 Computer Networks & Protocols Know Your Networks - 12

 •End-to-end information flow across the solar system
•Layered architecture for evolvability and
interoperability
•IP-like protocol suite tailored to operate over long
round trip light times
•Integrated communications and navigation services

Courtesy: Dr. Vint Cerf

Interplanetary Internet Status

• Part of the Mars Mission Plan
• Possible Earth/Moon mission 2001
• Low Mars Orbit and Areosynchronous
satellites by 2008
• Mars Outposts by 2010
• Possible Orbiting manned mission 2018
• Possible Manned Mars station 2030??
• Stable Interplanetary backbone 2040?
Courtesy: Dr. Vint Cerf

CS3103 Computer Networks & Protocols Know Your Networks - 13

 KEY MESSAGE

As with many new developments, the most

significant results and applications of
the Next Generation Internet have not even been
thought of yet," said George Strawn, division
director for NSF's Division of Advanced
Networking Infrastructure and Research.
"The best is yet to come."

CS3103 Computer Networks & Protocols Know Your Networks - 14