Cargo Securing Information System

Practice Module
Edition: March 2012

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) Practice Module BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing

Page: 1 Edition: March 2012

Table of contents
Partners ........................................................................................................ 3 Disclaimer. ..................................................................................................... 3 Masthead....................................................................................................... 3 Examples from practice:. ............................................................................... 4 Concrete cases of cargo securing. .....................................................................14
20 and 40 containers. ........................................................................................ 15 20 container with 16 IBCs.................................................................................... 17 Slidewall wagon................................................................................................... 19 Canvas-truck or swap body . ................................................................................ 21 Swap body.......................................................................................................... 23 Wide span swap body.......................................................................................... 25 Trailer................................................................................................................. 27 Big Bag palletized................................................................................................ 31 Trailer with Bags on Pallets................................................................................... 34 Securement of EPS-Octabins on a truck ................................................................ 39

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) Practice Module BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing

Page:  Edition: March 2012

Partners
The following partners actively contributed to the development of the LadungssicherungsInformations-System / Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) Practice Module BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin VCI, German Chemical Industry Association Mainzer Landstrasse 55 60329 Frankfurt am Main VCH, Chemical Traders Association Groe Neugasse 6 50667 Kln BGL, Association Road Haulage, Logistics and Disposal Breitenbachstrasse 1 60487 Frankfurt am Main DSLV, Freight Forwarding and Logistics Association Weberstrasse 77 53113 Bonn

Disclaimer
The contents of this practice module were developed with the utmost care, taking into account recognized guidelines, the latest scientific findings and a wealth of practical experiences. However, this practice module is not meant to be exhaustive, and no guarantee is given for its correctness. This applies in particular with regard to legal aspects and specific dangerous goods aspects. The publisher does not accept any liability whatsoever in connection with this practice module. Other cargo securing methods, which are equivalent or better but not mentioned in this publication, are also admissible.

Masthead
Publisher: BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin Postal address: 12200 Berlin, Germany Web: http://www.bam.de Dr.-Ing. Thomas Goedecke Telephone: +49 30 8104 1310 Fax: +49 30 8104 3967 Email: Thomas.Goedecke@bam.de Wolfgang Price, Stefan Jacobasch

Contact:

Layout & Design:

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) Practice Module BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing

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Examples from practice:

Examples
The suggestions in the following pages are applicable to the transportation of package freight. They deal with single packages as well as situations with various cargo with or without palettes. Find out the recommended way of load security based on the different decision rules.

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) Practice Module BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing

Page:  Edition: March 2012

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) Practice Module BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing

Page:  Edition: March 2012

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) Practice Module BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing

Page:  Edition: March 2012

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) Practice Module BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing

Page:  Edition: March 2012

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) Practice Module BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing

Page:  Edition: March 2012

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) Practice Module BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing

Page:  Edition: March 2012

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) Practice Module BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing

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Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) Practice Module BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing

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Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) Practice Module BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing

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Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) Practice Module BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing

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Examples from practice:

Concrete cases of cargo securing
Several concrete cases of cargo securing are described in the following pages: 20 and 40 containers 20 container with 16 IBCs Sliding wall freight wagons Awning truck or swap body Wide span swap body Trailer Big Bag palletized Palettensicherung von Fssern mit 25 kg Palettensicherung Kisten aus Karton Securement of EPS-Octabins on a truck

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) Practice Module BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing

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20 and 40 containers Form closure and force closure cargo securing. The center of gravity of loaded cargo should be in the middle of the cargo unit, with the goods to be arranged accordingly.

This cargo consists of homogeneous and assorted loading units (cardboard boxes and plastic jerry cans).

Transport unit: 20 container respectively 40 container.

Appropriateness check is the first step of preparation (checklist in the annex).

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) Practice Module BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing

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Securing equipment: Pallets, wooden constructions, flake boards, lashing straps, steel buckles and one hand tackle device.

Preparing the transport unit. First, form closure stowage of pallets. Second, fixing the securing lashings alongside the walls.

Fill the free loading space with wooden constructions. Secure the cargo with diagonal lashings.

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) Practice Module BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing

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20 container with 16 IBCs The cargo consists of 16 IBCs.

Appropriateness check of the 20 container before loading (based on a checklist).

The first four IBCs are stowed in the middle of the container to the front end (because of upper corner fittings). The free spaces on both sides are filled with air bags.

The next four IBCs are loaded directly to the first four, but these IBCs are stowed to the side walls. The free space in the middle is filled with air bags. Next, a wooden construction consisting of four horizontal and two vertical boards is fixed between the profiles of the side walls.

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The last 8 IBCs are stowed into the container, followed by backwards securing with a wooden construction (consisting of four horizontal and two vertical boards). The small free space near the door does not impact the center of gravity of the loaded cargo, as it keeps within the tolerance limit.

Load securing material: 35 mm thick wooden boards, ready sawn to fit the width of the container

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) Practice Module BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing

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Slidewall wagon This picture shows a form closure for cargo securing.

This cargo consists of homogeneous and asorted assorted units with cardboard boxes.

Transport unit: Slidewall wagon

Appropriateness check of the transport unit is the first step of preparation.

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) Practice Module BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing

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Securing equipment: Sliding walls and wooden constructions.

Form closure stowage of the pallets and fixing of separation sliding walls into to form equally-sized compartments.

The loading space is now divided into equally-sized compartments. Free spaces inside these compartments are filled with wooden constructions.

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) Practice Module BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing

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Canvas-truck or swap body This picture shows a form closure as well as a force closure method for cargo securing. The center of gravity of the cargo should be in the middle of the loading space , with the goods to be arranged accordingly.

This cargo consists of homogeneous and asorted loading units, cardboard boxes, lattice boxes, IBCs and drums.

Transport unit: Swap body

Appropriateness check is the first step of preparation.

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) Practice Module BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing

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Securing equipment: Pallets, wooden constructions, flake boards, lashing straps, steel buckles and one hand tackle device.

Preparing the transport unit and fixing the straps alongside the walls. Form closure stowage of pallets and filling the free spaces between the drums with pallets or wooden constructions.

Fill the free loading space with pallets. Secure the cargo with horizontal lashings.

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) Practice Module BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing

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Swap body Stowage into a swap body. This picture shows a securing method with blocking bars and pallets.

Securing equipment: Pallets and blocking bars.

Cargo: In each case two drums, in oblique position on a CP5 pallet (This is to prevent the drums from projecting over the edge of the pallet).

Stowage/securing steps: Fill free space e.g. with pallets or constructions so that the cargo can move only slightly, as compared with its original position and the walls of the transport unit.

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) Practice Module BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing

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Transport unit: Swap body

Appropriateness check is the first step of preparation.

Fill free space with pallets, so that the cargo can move only slightly, as compared with its original position and the walls of the transport unit.

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) Practice Module BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing

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Wide span swap body This picture shows a form closure as well as a force closure method for cargo securing. The center of gravity of the cargo should be in the middle of the loading space , with the goods to be arranged accordingly.

Securing equipment: Pallets, wooden constructions and blocking bars.

The cargo consists of cardboard boxes and drums.

Stowage / securing steps: Form closure stowage and filling free spaces with pallets or wooden constructions; blocking bars.

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) Practice Module BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing

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Transport unit: Swap body

Appropriateness check is the first step of preparation.

Fill free space with pallets. Secure the cargo by adjusting the blocking bars.

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) Practice Module BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing

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Trailer Cargo securing with lashing straps

Cargo 1: steel drums Cargo 2: plastic drums (pails)

Transport unit: Trailer

On-bord securing equipment

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) Practice Module BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing

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Pallets as securing equipment

Securing equipment provided by the loader: Ratchets, lashing strap (2500 daN) and steel buckles.

Preparing the trailer with lashing straps. This is the restraint system for the first block of the cargo. The front wall can absorb 5000 daN.

Loading and securing of the first block

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) Practice Module BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing

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The lashing strap should be well-protected by absorption material (e.g. cardboard).

The pallets are intended to separate the first from the second block and to prevent the strap from falling down.

The second block is being prepared. The yellow strap is needed for securing the cargo against backwards acceleration. The white strap is used for securing the cargo against forwards acceleration. These oneway straps (2500 daN) are bound twice from the left to the right anchor point. In this case, the pallets prevent the white strap from falling down.

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) Practice Module BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing

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Positioning the straps

and fixing them on both sides. In this phase the pallets are not yet secured. If necessary, one person should hold them until the first parts of the cargo are loaded.

After loading the first pallets of the second block the white strap is tightened. Forward securing is now completed.

Backward securing is made by the yellow strap. One end of the strap has an eye, the other end has a clamp. Eye and clamp may only be hooked together if they fit into each other.

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) Practice Module BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing

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Big Bag palletized Semitrailer with lateral sliding awning walls and insertion boards. The vehicle body should be in accordance with the Guideline Bodies with lateral sliding roof, as a minimum requirement (see Overview of Handbooks and Guidelines).

Securing equipment: Lashing straps Ratchets Anti friction mats Cardboard

The palletized Big Bags are loaded flush to the front end. The friction coefficient of Big Bag, pallet and vehicle body must be equal. The free spaces on both sides are filled with pallets.

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Block formation for securing the cargo longitudinal direction forward.

Running the strap on top of the pallets middle back.

All other pallets are placed in alignment to the pallets of the first block. Running the lashing on the left side.

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This picture shows the lashing which is running on the left side, directly in front of the Big Bag. Cardboard is placed between the lashing and the Big Bag to protect the canvas.

Block formation to secure the cargo to the back Running the lashing on top of the pallets middle back

Joining the tie-down / lashing straps with hooks

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Trailer (EN 12642-1 Code L or Code XL) with Bags on Pallets General rules for loading palletized bags This load securing method may only be used if the load units retain their shape during transport. This can be proved by, for example, vibration or horizontal impact tests. An additional requirement is that the tension belts maintain the right position throughout the transport. First step is to instruct the driver on - Site Safety Requirements - PPE and Loading Safety Rules

Next step is explaining and agreeing with the driver the Load Plan and the Load Securing Instruction in line with the total Pay Load.

Immobilizing the truck is a process step which can have different forms and combinations: Wheel chocks, fixation of the trailer to the loading ramp...

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Condition and cleanliness of the load floor is an important element not only to enable safe transport on the road, but also in case of back loading with Fork Lift Truck.

Pallet with 55 bags in 11 layers Dimensions: L=1300 mm B=1100 mm H= 1900 mm m= 1375 kg net weight 1408 kg gross weight Pallet and packaging must be undamaged.

Sufficient EN12195-2 lashing belts in good condition are required. Lengths: 9 m / LC 2500 daN The number of lashing belt depends on the load plan and can be derived from the load securing instruction.

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) Practice Module BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing

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Condition and type of lashings should be checked.

During loading it is also critical that the driver resides at a designated place to avoid possible collision with the forklift. This instruction is initially given as part of the site instructions after which it should be repeated and maintained during the total loading process.

In case adjustments at the trailer are needed. The driver is allowed to do so only if the forklift is not in his direct working area.

Example of cross lashing over two single pallets.

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) Practice Module BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing

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Example of cross lashing over four single pallets.

Example of spring lashing over four pallets.

After the loading is completed the Load Securing can be started. In this case the trailer is loaded with 18 pallets and 10 lashing belts are needed. A cross lashing is placed over the first two pallets against the headboard. A spring lashing is placed over the next four pallets. Three cross lashing are placed over the rest of the pallets. The lashing will prevent the pallets from sliding and tilting and acts similar to a safety belt. The more force generated e.g. in curves the more the tension in the lashing belt will increase, keeping the pallets in their position. Also at the rear a cross lashing is sufficient to prevent pallets of tilting backwards in case of strong acceleration.

Full truck load with 18 pallets and the needed lashing belts.

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) Practice Module BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing

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Fix the lashing belts always as close as possible at the opposite of the end from the pallet to create the right angel.

Lashing must prevent the pallet of tilting. Lashing tension in not important. Some tension is needed to keep the lashing in his position.

From ground level or stairs the lashing belts can be thrown over the pallets. Also an aid can be used to get the belt in the right position. Climbing on the pallets is not needed and prohibited.

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) Practice Module BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing

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Securement of EPS-Octabins on a truck 2 wooden frames length width height, 1140 x 550 x 40 mm 3 belts (2000 daN) 5 x 9 m cordstrap width 35 mm 5 clamps 33mm

5 wooden frames length width height, 2200 x 1400 x 40 mm;

36 friction mats length width height, 300 x 250 x 5 mm; Friction coefficient > 0,6

Symmetrical wooden frame prevents slipping of cordstrap and belts. Position above tilting point of Octabins

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) Practice Module BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing

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Width of boards 100 mm Height of feet 100 mm

Distance of upright boards to the outside 450 mm Distance of vertical boards to each other 1300 mm

Team work between loader and driver. A mule for positioning the Octabins.

Driver places load securement material and 4 friction mats for the first Octabin into position.

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) Practice Module BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing

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Driver put belts into first Octabin row. Using the mule, the Driver positions an Octabin at the head board. Friction mats are positioned that way so they are good for 2 or 4 pallets. Adhesive is put between Octabin and pallet to avoid slipping.

For tilting purposes lashing straps are used for securement of Octabin.

Driver positions wooden frame, puts cordstrap around the wood and places the friction mats.

4 Octabins are put together in a group and are secured with cordstrap to prevent tilting.

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) Practice Module BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing

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Driver positions wooden frame and puts cordstrap around the wood and places the friction mats.

4 Octabins are arranged together in a group and are secured with cordstrap to prevent tilting. The third and fifth group of the Octabins is secured in the driving direction with a C-lashing additionally.

Completion with wooden frame.

Total view

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Total view

Total view

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