DRUG STUDY Salbutamol Date Ordered 9/26/12 Mechanism of Action It relieves nasal congestion and reversible bronchospasm by relaxing

the smooth muscles of the bronchioles. The relief from nasal congestion and bronchospasm is made possible by the following mechanism that takes place when Salbutamol is administered. 1. First, it binds to the beta2-adrenergic receptors in the airway of the smooth muscle which then leads to the activation of the adenyl cyclase and increased levels of cyclic- 35-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). 2. When cAMP Generic Name Salbutamol Indication 1. To control and prevent reversible airway obstruction caused by asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) 2. Quick relief for bronchospasm 3. For the prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm 4. Long-term control agent for patients with chronic or persistent bronchospasm Brand Name Classification Bronchodilator (therapeutic); adrenergics (pharmacologic) Adverse Reaction Nursing Responsibilities 1. Nervousness 1. Assess lung sounds, PR 2. Restlessness and BP before drug 3. Tremor administration and 4. Headache during peak of 5. Insomnia medication. 6. Chest pain 2. Observe fore 7. Palpitations paradoxical spasm and 8. Angina withhold medication 9. Arrhythmias and notify physician if 10. Hypertension condition occurs. 11. Nausea and 3. Administer PO vomiting medications with meals 12. Hyperglycemia to minimize gastric 13. Hypokalemia irritation. 4. Extended-release tablet should be swallowed-whole. It should not be crushed or chewed. 5. If administering medication through inhalation, allow at least 1 minute between inhalation of aerosol medication. 6. Advise the patient to

Contraindication 1. Hypersensitivity to adrenergic amines 2. Hypersensitivity to fluorocarbons

increases, kinases are activated. 3. Kinases inhibit the phosphorylation of myosin and decrease intracellular calcium. 4. Decreased in intracellular calcium will result to the relaxation of the smooth muscle airways.

rinse mouth with water after each inhalation to minimize dry mouth. 7. Inform the patient that Albuterol may cause an unusual or bad taste.

Date Ordered 9/26/12 Mechanism of Action 1. Decreases fever by a hypothalamic effect leading to sweating and vasodilation 2. Inhibits pyrogen effect on the hypothalamic-heatregulating centers 3. Inhibits CNS prostaglandin synthesi s with minimal effects on peripheral prostaglandin sy nthesis

Generic Name Paracetamol Indication 1. Control of pain due to headache, earache, dysmenorrhea, arthralgia, myalgia, musculoskeletal pain, arthritis, immuniz ations, teething, tonsillectomy 2. Reduce fever in

Brand Name Contraindication 1. Renal Insufficiency 2. Anemia Caution 1. Liver toxicity (hepatocyt e necrosis) may occur with doses not far beyond labelled dosing. 2. If 3 or more alcoholic drinks per day is consumed, consult a physician prior use.

Classification Non-narcotic analgesic, Antipyretic Adverse Reaction Nursing Responsibilities 1. Minimal GI upset. 1. Do not 2. Methemoglobinemi exceed a 4gm/24hr. in 3. Hemolytic Anemia adults and 4. Neutropenia 75mg/kg/da 5. Thrombocytopenia y in children. 6. Pancytopenia 2. Do not take 7. Leukopenia for >5days 8. Urticaria for pain in 9. CNS stimulation children, 10 10. Hypoglycemic coma days for pain 11. Jaundice in adults, or

4. Does not cause ulceration of the GI tract and causes no anticoagulant action.

viral and bacterial infections 3. As a substitute for aspirin in upper GI disease, bleeding disorders clients in anticoagulant therapy and gouty arthritis

12. Glissitis 13. Drowsiness 14. Liver Damage 3.

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more than 3 days for fever in adults. ExtendedRelease tablets are not to be chewed. Monitor CBC, liver and renal functions. Assess for fecal occult blood and nephritis. Avoid using OTC drugs with Acetaminop hen. Take with food or milk to minimize GI upset. Report N&V. cyanosis, shortness of breath and abdominal

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pain as these are signs of toxicity. Report paleness, weakness and heart beat skips Report abdominal pain, jaundic e, dark urine, itchiness or clay-colored stools. Phenmacetin may cause urine to become dark brown or winecolored. Report pain that persists for more than 3-5 days Avoid alcohol. This drug is

not for regular use with any form of liver disease.

Date Ordered 9/26/12 Mechanism of Action Bactericidal: inhibits synthesis of bacterial cell wall, causing cell death

Generic Name Cefuroxime Indication Pharyngitis, tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. Otitis media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Maraxella catarrhalis Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis caused by S. influenzae, H. influenzae Lower respiratory infections caused by S. pneumoniae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae,H. influenzae UTIs caused by Escherichia Coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae Uncomplicated Gonorrhea Skin and skin structure

Brand Name

Contraindication hypersensitivity reactions to cephalosporins and penicillins use cautiously with reanal failure, lactation, pregnancy

Classification antiinfective ; antibiotic; second-generation cephalosporin Adverse Reaction Nursing Responsibilities 1.Headache History: Hepatic and renal 2. dizziness impairment, lactation and 3. lethargy pregnancy 4. paresthesias Physical: Skin Status, LFTs, 5. nausea renal function tests, 6. vomiting culture of affected area, 7. anorexia sensitivity test. 8. diarrhea Interventions: 9. abdominal pain Culture infection, and 10. flatulence arrange for sensitivity 11. tests before and during pseudomembranous therapy if expected colitis response is not seen. 12. hepatotoxicity Give oral drug with food 13. Nephrotoxicity to decrease GI upset and 14. bone marrow enhance absorption depression Give oral tablets to 15. Hypersensitivity: children who can swallow

infections, including impetigo caused by Streptococcus aureus, S. pyogenes Treatment of early Lyme disease Septicemia caused by S. pneumoniae, Streptococcus aureus,E. coli, K. pneumonia, H. influenzae Meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, S. aureus, Preoperative prophylaxis Treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis in patients 3mos-12 yr.

ranging from rash to fever to anaphylaxis; serum sickness reaction 16. pain 17. abscess at injection site 18. phlebitis 19. inflammation at IV site 20. Superinfections

tablets; crushing the drug results in a bitter, unpleasant taste. Use solution for children who cannot swallow tablets Have vitamin K available in case of hypoprothrombinemia occurs. Discontinue if hypersensitivity reaction occurs. Teaching Points: Take full course of therapy even if you are feeling better. This drug is specific for this infection and should not be used to self-treat other problems. Store solutions in refrigerator. Shake well before each use. Report severe diarrhoea with blood, pus, or mucus; rash; difficulty in breathing; unusual tiredness, fatigue; unusual bleeding or bruising; unusual itching or irritation. Avoid alcohol while taking this drug and for 3 days

after because severe reaction often occur.

Date Ordered 9/27/12 Mechanism of Action Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal in susceptible bacteria.

Generic Name Azithromycin Indication Treatment of lower respiratory tract infections: acute bacterial exacerbations of COPD due to H. influenzae, Moraxellacatarrhalis, S. pneumoniae; community-acquired pneumonia due to S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae Treatment of lower respiratory tract infections: streptococcalpharyngitis/tonsillitis due to Streptococcus pyogenes in those who cannot take penicillins Treatment of uncomplicated skin infections due toStaphylococcus aureus, S. pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae Treatment of nongonococcal urethritis and cervicitis due to C.trachomatis; treatment of PID Treatment of otitis media caused by H. influenzae, M.catarrhalis, S. pneumoniae in children > 6 mo

Brand Name

Classification antiinfective; macrolide antibiotic, prototype Erythromycin Contraindication Adverse Reaction Nursing Responsibilities Contraindicated with 1. Dizziness History: hypersensitivity 2. headache Hypersensitivity to to azithromycin, 3. Vertigo azithromycin, or any erythromycin, or 4. somnolence macrolide antibiotic; any macrolide antibiotic. 5. fatigue gonorrhoea or 6. diarrhoea syphilis, Use cautiously with 7. abdominal pain pseudomembranous gonorrhoea or syphilis, 8. nausea colitis, hepatic or pseudomembranous 9. dyspepsia renal impairment, colitis, hepatic or renal 10. flatulence lactation impairment, lactation 11. vomiting Physical: Site of 12. melena infection, GI output, 13. bowel sounds, liver pseudomembranous evaluation; culture colitis and sensitivity tests 14. superinfection of infection, 15. angioedema urinalysis, LFTs, renal 16. rash function tests. 17. photosensitivity 18. rash Interventions 19. vaginitis Culture site of infection before therapy. Administer on an

 Treatment of pharyngitis/tonsillitis in children > 2 yr who cannot use first-line therapy Prevention and treatment of disseminated Mycobacterium aviumcomplex (MAC) in patients with advanced AIDS Unlabeled uses: uncomplicated gonococcal infections caused byN. gonorrhoeae; gonococcal pharyngitis caused by N.gonorrhoeae; chlamydial infections caused by C. trachomatis;prophylaxis after sexual attack

empty stomach 1 hr before or 2-3 hr after meals. Food affects the absorption of this drug. Counsel patients being treated for STDs about appropriate precautions and additional therapy Teaching points Take the full course prescribed. Do not take antacids. Tablets and oral suspension can be taken with or without food. Report severe or watery diarrhea, severe nausea or vomiting, rash or itching, mouth sores, vaginal sores.

Date Ordered 9/27/12 Mechanism of Action Bactericidal: inhibits synthesis of bacterial cell wall, causing cell death.

Generic Name Ceftriaxone sodium Indication LRIs caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Serratia marcescens,Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Streptococcus (excluding enterococci) Acute bacterial otitis media caused by S. pneumonia, H. influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis. UTIs caused by E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus mirabilis, Morganella morganii. Gonorrhea caused by Neisseria gonorrhoea. Intra-abdominal infection caused by E.coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae PID caused by Neisseria gonorrhoea. Skin and skin structure infections caused by S, aureus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter cloacae,

Brand Name Contraindication Contraindicated with allergy to cephalosporins or penicillins. Use cautiously with renal failure, lactation, pregnancy.

Classification Antibiotic, Cephalosporin(third generation) Adverse Reaction Nursing Responsibilities 1. headache Culture infection, and 2. dizziness arrange for sensitivity 3. lethargy tests before and during 4. paresthesias therapy if expected 5. nausea response is not seen 6. vomiting Reconstitute for IM use 7. diarrhea with sterile water for 8. anorexia injection, 0.9% sodium 9. abdominal pain chloride solution, 5% 10. flatulence dextrose solution, 11. bacteriostatic water with pseudomembranous 0.9% benzyl alcohol, or 1% colitis lidocaine solution (without 12. hepatotoxicity epinephrine); inject deeply 13. nephrotoxicity into large muscle group. 14. bone marrow Protect drug from light depression- decreased Monitor ceftriaxone blood WBC count, decreased levels in patients with platelets, decreased Hct severe renal impairment 15. Hypersensitivityand in patients with renal ranging from rash to and hepatic impairment. fever to anaphylaxis Have vitamin K available in 16. serum sickness case reaction hypoprothrombinemia 17. Local: pain, abscess occurs. at injection site; phlebitis, inflammation Teaching points at IV site. Avoid alcohol while taking 18. Superinfections this drug and for 3 days

Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomona aeruginosa, Streptococcus (excluding enterococci) . Perioperative prophylaxis for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery and in contaminated or potentially contaminated surgical procedures(eg, vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy.

19.Disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol

after because severe reactions often occur. You may experience these side effects. Stomach upset or diarrhea. Report severe diarrhea, difficulty breathing, unusual tiredness or fatigue, pain at injection site.

Date Ordered 9/29/12 Mechanism of Action Potent specific histamine (H1) receptor antagonist; inhibits histamine release and eosinophil chemotaxis during inflammation, leading to reduced sweliing and decreased inflammatory response.

Generic Name Cetirizine Indication Management of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis, allergies, hay fever. Treatment of chronic, idiopathic urticaria. Treatment of year-round allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticarial in infants older than 6 months. Unlabelled uses: to decreased wheal response and pruritus of mosquito bites; possible use in allergic asthma.

Brand Name Contraindication Contraindicated with allergy to any antihistamines, hydroxyzine. Use cautiously with narrow-angle glaucoma, stenosing peptic ulcer, symptomatic prostatic hypertrophy, asthmatic attack, bladder neck obstruction, pyloroduodenal obstruction (avoid use or use with caution as condition may be

Classification Antihistamine Adverse Reaction 1. somnolence 2. sedation 3. palpitation 4. dizziness 5. edema 6. nausea 7. diarrhea 8. abdominal pain 9. constipation 10. dry mouth 11. bronchospasm 12. pharyngitis 13. fever 14. photosensitivity 15. rash

Nursing Responsibilities Give without regard to meals. Provide syrup form or chewable tablets for pediatric use if needed. Arrange for use of humidifier if thickening of secretions, nasal dryness become bothersome; encourage adequate intake of fluids. Provide skin care for urticaria. Report difficulty breathing,

exacerbated by drug effects); lactation

16. myalgia 17. arthralgia 18. angioedema 19. fatigue

hallucinations, tremors, loss of coordination, irregular heartbeat.

Date Ordered 9/29/12 Mechanism of Action Sultamicillin inhibits lactamases in penicillinresistant microorganisms and it acts against sensitive organisms during the stage of active multiplication by inhibiting biosynthesis of cell wall mucopeptide.

Generic Name Sultamicillin Indication Otitis media, respiratory tract infection and urinary tract infection Uncomplicated gonorrhoea

Brand Name Contraindication Hypersensitivity to Sultamicillin

Classification Penicillins Adverse Reaction 1. Diarrhoea 2. nausea 3. vomiting 4. rashes 5. pruritus 6. blood dyscrasias 7. superinfections 8. dizziness 9. Dyspnoea. Potentially Fatal: Anaphylaxis

Nursing Responsibilities Assess for hypersensitivity to drug or other penicillin products. Obtain specimen for culture and sensitivity tests before giving first dose. Caution for elderly patient having renal problems Use cautiously in children since their function is not

fully developed. Decreased dosage in patient with renal problems. Dont use IM route in children. Monitor liver function test result during therapy, especially in patients with impaired liver functions. Follow the recommended dosage and route of administration ordered. Monitor for adverse effect. Administer the complete course of drug to use the beneficial effects. Advised patient to report rash, fever, or chills.

Date Ordered 9/29/12 Mechanism of Action It helps add moisture inside the nose to dissolve and soften thick

Generic Name NaCl Indication used to treat dryness inside the nose (nasal passages)

Brand Name Contraindication Allergy to the medication.

Classification Adverse Reaction Side effects usually do not occur. However, if the inside of patients Nursing Responsibilities Tell the patient to follow all directions on the

or crusty mucus. In babies and young children with stuffy noses who cannot blow their noses, by using this, it helps to make the mucus easier to remove with a nasal bulb syringe. This helps relieve stuffiness and makes breathing easier.

nose is very dry and irritated, stinging may occur.

product package. If he/she are uncertain about any of the information, consult his/her doctor or pharmacist.Try not to touch the container tip to the inside of his/her nose. If this happens, rinse the tip with hot water and dry with a clean tissue before recapping the container.If his/her condition persists or worsens, or if he/she think may have a serious medical problem, seek immediate medical attention.

http://rnspeak.com/drug-study/paracetamol-biogesic-drug-study/#.UHEgZ8z9Ha8 http://nursingcrib.com/drug-study/salbutamol-drug-study/ http://www.docstoc.com/docs/99779011/Sultamicillin-(sulbactam-ampicillin)-Drug-Study http://www.medicinenet.com/sodium_chloride-nasal_spray/article.htm NOTE: te ikaw na bahala mag type sa 2010 lippincott nsg. Tnx