Write your answers in the D1 answer book for this paper.

1.
A

25

19

30

21

C
11

E
15

33
16

13

39
37

40

G
H

57
Figure 1

Figure 1 represents the distances, in km, between eight vertices, A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H in a

network.
(a) Use Kruskals algorithm to find the minimum spanning tree for the network. You should list
the arcs in the order in which you consider them. In each case, state whether you are adding
the arc to your minimum spanning tree.
(3)
(b) Starting at A, use Prims algorithm to find the minimum spanning tree. You must clearly state
the order in which you selected the arcs of your tree.
(3)
(c) Draw the minimum spanning tree using the vertices given in Diagram 1 in the answer book.
(1)
(d) State the weight of the tree.
(1)
(Total 8 marks)

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2.
F

B
10

11

12

10
8

7
6

10

13
18

G
9

8
E
Figure 2

[The weight of the network is 129 miles]

Figure 2 models a network of canals. The number on each arc gives the length, in miles, of that
canal.
Brett needs to travel along each canal to check that it is in good repair. He wishes to minimise the
length of his route.
(a) Use the route inspection algorithm to find the length of his route. State the arcs that should be
repeated. You should make your method and working clear.
(6)
A canal between B and F, of length 12 miles, is to be opened and needs to be included in Bretts
inspection route.
(b) Determine if the addition of this canal will increase or decrease the length of Bretts minimum
route. You must make your reasoning clear.
(2)
(Total 8 marks)

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3.
C

Figure 3

Figure 4

Define the terms

(a) bipartite graph,
(2)
(b) matching.
(2)
Figure 3 shows the possible allocations of six people, Charles (C), Emily (E), George (G),
Harriet (H), Jack (J) and Shen (S), to six tasks, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
Figure 4 shows an initial matching.
(c) Starting from this initial matching, use the maximum matching algorithm to find an improved
matching. You should list the alternating path you use and state your improved matching.
(3)
Emily has task 5 added to her possible allocations and Harriet has task 3 added to her possible
allocations.
(d) Starting from the improved matching found in part (c), use the maximum matching algorithm
to find a complete matching. You should list the alternating path you use and state your
improved matching.
(3)
(Total 10 marks)

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4.
20

48

37

27

71

20

J
15

68
20

18

12
40

20

D
45

22

20

15

G
Figure 5

Figure 5 models a network of roads. The number on each edge gives the time, in minutes, taken to
travel along that road. Olivia wishes to travel from A to J as quickly as possible.
(a) Use Dijkstras algorithm to find the shortest time needed to travel from A to J. State the shortest
route.
(7)
On a particular day Olivia must include G in her route.
(b) Find a route of minimal time from A to J that includes G, and state its length
(2)
(Total 9 marks)

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5.
5

13

16

15

12

10

(a) Use the first-fit bin packing algorithm to determine how the numbers listed above can be
packed into bins of size 20.
(3)
(b) The list of numbers is to be sorted into descending order. Use a bubble sort to obtain the sorted
list, giving the state of the list after each complete pass.
(5)
(c) Apply the first-fit decreasing bin packing algorithm to your ordered list to pack the numbers
into bins of size 20.
(3)
(d) Determine whether your answer to (c) uses the minimum number of bins. You must justify your
answer.
(2)
(Total 13 marks)

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Edgar has recently bought a field in which he intends to plant apple trees and plum trees.
He can use linear programming to determine the number of each type of tree he should plant.
Let x be the number of apple trees he plants and y be the number of plum trees he plants.
Two of the constraints are
x  40
y  50
These are shown on the graph in Figure 6, where the rejected region is shaded out.
(a) Use these two constraints to write down two statements that describe the number of apple trees
and plum trees Edgar can plant.
(1)
Two further constraints are
3 x + 4 y  360
x  2y
(b) Add two lines and shading to Diagram 1 in your answer book to represent these inequalities.
Hence determine the feasible region and label it R.
(4)
Edgar will make a profit of 60 from each apple tree and 20 from each plum tree. He wishes to
maximise his profit, P.
(c) Write down the objective function.
(1)
(d) Use an objective line to determine the optimal point of the feasible region, R. You must make
your method clear.
(4)
(e) Find Edgars maximum profit.
(1)
(Total 11 marks)

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7.
D (5)

A (6)

E (6)

B (5)

K (3)

I (6)

J (4)

F (8)
C (7)

G (4)

H (5)
5
Figure 7
A project is modelled by the activity network shown in Figure 7. The activities are represented
by the arcs. The number in brackets on each arc gives the time required, in hours, to complete the
activity. The numbers in circles are the event numbers. Each activity requires one worker.
(a) Explain the significance of the dummy activity
(i) from event 4 to event 6,
(ii) from event 5 to event 7
(3)
(b) Calculate the early time and the late time for each event. Write these in the boxes in the answer
book.
(4)
(c) Calculate the total float on each of activities D and G. You must make the numbers you use in
your calculations clear.
(3)
(d) Calculate a lower bound for the minimum number of workers required to complete the project
in the minimum time.
(2)
(e) On the grid in your answer book, draw a cascade (Gantt) chart for this project.
(4)
(Total 16 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS
END
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1.
A

25

19

30

21

C
11

E
15

33
16

13

39
37

40

G
H

57
Figure 1

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(c)
A

C
E
D
F

G
H
Diagram 1

(d) Weight of tree =

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2.
F

B
10

11

12

10
8

7
6

10

13
18

G
9

8
E
Figure 2

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3.
C

Figure 3

Figure 4

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Q3

(Total 10 marks)

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40

45

37

68

12

27

15

20

48

20

20

20

18

15

Order
of
labelling

Final
value
Working values

Vertex

Key

22

71

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4.

*P38245A0920*

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5.
5

13

16

15

12

10

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6.
y

x = 40

100

90

80

70

60

y = 50

50

40

30

20

10

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100 110 120 130

Diagram 1

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*P38245A01520*

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7.

(a) (i)

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(ii) ________________________________________________________________
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(b)

D(5)
A(6)

K(3)

E(6)

B(5)

C(7)

I(6)

F(8)

J(4)
G(4)

H(5)

Key
Early
event
time
Late
event
time

(c)

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(d)

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*P38245A01920*

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(Total 16 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS
END
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*P38245A02020*

Q7