Chem 1B Chapter 13 Exercises Exercises #1 1.

Name:________________________

Consider the following reaction: CO(g ! "#O(g CO#(g ! "#(g (a $n one experiment 1.% mole of "#O and 1.% mole of CO are placed in a sealed flas& and heated to 3'%oC. $n the second experiment 1.% mole of "# and CO# are placed in another sealed flas& of the same (ol)me and heated to 3'%oC. *fter e+)ili,ri)m is reached in ,oth cases- is there an. difference in the composition of the mixt)res in the two flas&s/ Explain. (*nswer: no different 0 a gi(en reaction has one (al)e of K at the gi(en temperat)re. 1or this reaction- which has e+)al n)m,er of moles of prod)cts and reactants- if the starting concentrations are the same- there sho)ld ,e same concentrations of the components in the e+)ili,ri)m mixt)reregardless of the direction of the initial reaction to reach e+)ili,ri)m. (, $f some 12C3la,eled CO molec)les are introd)ced into the e+)ili,ri)m mixt)re in the a,o(e reaction (witho)t dist)r,ing the e+)ili,ri)m- will the 12C ,e fo)nd onl. in the CO or will some ,e fo)nd in the CO#/ Explain. (*nswer: 12C will ,e fo)nd in ,oth CO and CO# ,eca)se e+)ili,ri)m is a d.namic process 0 ,oth forward and re(erse reactions contin)e to occ)r at e+)ili,ri)m.

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(a 4rite the expressions for the e+)ili,ri)m constant Kc for the following e+)ili,ri)m s.stems. (i C"2(g ! "#O(g CO(g ! 3 "#(g (ii N#(g ! 3 "#(g # N"3(g (iii (N"2 #CO3(s CO#(g ! # N"3(g ! "#O(g (iv N"3(g ! "Cl(g N"2Cl(s (v "NO#(aq ! "#O(l "3O!(aq ! NO#3(aq (, 1or e+)ations (i 0 (iv - write the expressions for the e+)ili,ri)m constant Kp.

3.

*n e+)ili,ri)m mixt)re of "#- N#- and N"3 gases at '%% 5 is fo)nd to contain6 the following concentrations: 7"#8 9 1.1:; M- 7N#8 9 %.3:: M- and 7N"38 9 %.#%3 M. (a <etermine the e+)ili,ri)m constant Kc and Kp for the following reaction at '%% 5. (= 9 %.%>#%? @.atmAmol.5 N#(g ! 3"#(g #N"3(g (, 4hat are the (al)es of Kc and Kp for the gi(en re(ersed reaction at '%% 5/ N"3(a+ B N#(g ! 3A# "#(g
(c $f the concentration of N# is increased ,. 1.%%% molA@- in which direction will the net reaction occ)r to reach new e+)ili,ri)m position/ "ow wo)ld the concentrations of "# and N"3 change in the new e+)ili,ri)m mixt)re/ 4ill each of them increase or decrease or not change in the new e+)ili,ri)m/

(*nswer: (a Kc 9 %.%?%#C Kp 9 3.'> x 1%0'C (, KcD 9 %.#2'C KpD 9 '.:> x 1%03C (c 1or reaction in (a - net reaction to the rightC 7" #8 decreases and 7N"38 increases in the new e+)ili,ri)m
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Chem 1B Chapter 13 Exercises 2.

Name:________________________

Explain the following statement: Efor a gi(en reaction at a fix temperat)re- there is onl. one (al)e for the e+)ili,ri)m constant (Kc or Kp - ,)t there will ,e an infinite n)m,er of e+)ili,ri)m positions.F (*nswer: a gi(en reaction has one (al)e of Kc or Kp at a gi(en temperat)re- ,)t the compositions at e+)ili,ri)m can ,e different.

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4hat is the difference ,etween equilibrium constant (Kc or Kp and reaction quotient (Qc or Qp / (*nswer: equilibrium constant is a (al)e deri(ed e+)ili,ri)m constant expression )sing concentration (al)es at e+)ili,ri)mC whereas reaction +)otients are (al)es deri(ed from the same expression )sing concentrations that are not necessaril. the e+)ili,ri)m concentrations. Gal)es of reaction +)otients are often )sed to determined whether or not a gi(en reaction mixt)re is at e+)ili,ri)m.

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Consider the following data o,tained for the reaction: N#(g ! 3"#(g #N"3(g at '%% 5. $nitial Concentration- M Concentrations at E+)ili,ri)m- M Expt. # 7N#8 7"#8 7N"38 7N#8 7"#8 7N"38 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 1 1.%%% 1.%%% % %.:#1 %.;?3 %.1'; # 1.%%% 3.%%% 1.%%% %.:3> #.>1? 1.1#3 3 % % 1.%%% %.3:: 1.1:; %.#%3 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH Ihow that- at constant temperat)re the e+)ili,ri)m constant Kc is the same regardless of the composition of the e+)ili,ri)m mixt)re. (*nswer: Each of the a,o(e experiments .ield Kc 9 %.%?%3C a gi(en reaction has one (al)e of e+)ili,ri)m constant regardless of how the reaction is carried o)t.

;.

Consider the reaction: N#(g ! 3"#(g #N"3(g . * mixt)re containing 1.%%% mole of N# and 3.%%% moles of "# are placed in a 1%.%3@ reaction (essel and allowed to react at '#3 5. 4hen e+)ili,ri)m is esta,lished- the concentration of N" 3 was fo)nd to ,e %.%11# molA@. 4hat are the concentrations (in molA@ of N # and "# at e+)ili,ri)m/ Calc)late the equilibrium constants Kc and Kp for the a,o(e reaction at '#3 5. (= 9 %.%>#1 @.atmA(5.mol (*nswer: Kc 9 %.%'>'C Kp 9 3.1> x 1%0'

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Jhe reaction: N#(g ! 3"#(g #N"3(g has Kp 9 3.? x 1%3' at '%% 5. * mixt)re contains "#- N#- and N"3 s)ch that their partial press)res are #.;? atm- %.:# atm- and %.1? atm- respecti(el.. <etermine if the mixt)re is at e+)ili,ri)m/ $f not- predict in which direction will the net reaction occ)r to reach e+)ili,ri)m/ (*nswer: Qp 9 1.3 x 1%03 K KpC the mixt)re is not at e+)ili,ri)mC net reaction is to the left

Chem 1B Chapter 13 Exercises Exercises ## 1. Li(en the following e+)ili,ri)m: N#(g ! B O#(g N#O(g C N#(g ! O#(g # NO(g C (a N#O(g ! B O#(g # NO(g C (, 2 NO(g # N#O(g ! O#(g .

Name:________________________

Kc 9 #.2 x 1%31> Kc 9 2.1 x 1%33%

Calc)late the e+)ili,ri)m constant for the following reactions: (*nswer: Kc 9 1.; x 1%01# (*nswer: Kc 9 3.2 x 1%#3

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Li(en the e+)ili,ri)m constants for the following reactions at a certain temperat)re(a CO(g ! "#O(g CO#(g ! "#(g C (, CO(g ! # "#(g C"3O"(g C CO#(g ! 3 "#(g C"3O"(g ! "#O(g Kc 9 1.% x 1%' Kc 9 1.2 x 1%;

Calc)late the e+)ili,ri)m constant for the following reaction at the same temperat)re. (*nswer: Kc 9 1.2 x 1%#

3.

Jhe reaction: "#(g ! $#(g #"$(g has Kc 9 '' at 3'%oC. * mixt)re containing 1.%%% mole each of "# and $# is introd)ced into an e(ac)ated 1.%%3@ reaction (essel and sealed. 4hen the reaction reaches e+)ili,ri)m at 3'% oC- what are the molar concentrations of "#- $#- and "$- respecti(el.- in the e+)ili,ri)m mixt)re. (*nswer: 7"#8 9 7$#8 9 %.;: M and 7"$8 9 1.? M

2.

Jhe reaction: COCl#(g CO(g ! Cl#(g has Kc 9 1.3 x 1%32 at a certain temperat)re. $f the initial concentration of COCl # was %.'%% M and there were no CO or Cl#- what are the concentrations of COCl#- CO- and Cl# when the reaction reaches e+)ili,ri)m/ (*nswer: 7COCl#8e 9 %.2:# M- and 7CO8 9 7Cl#8 9 >.1 x 1%03 M

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Nitric oxide- a significant air poll)tant- is formed from the reaction of nitrogen and ox.gen at high temperat)re- s)ch as in an a)tomo,ile engine. Jhe reaction is endothermic: N#(g ! O#(g #NO(g C Ho 9 1>% &N

(a *t constant temperat)re- does the e+)ili,ri)m amo)nt of nitric oxide formed increase- decrease- or sta.s the same if press)re is increased as a res)lt of compressing the mixt)re/ Explain. (, 4o)ld more nitric oxide ,e formed if the engine ,loc& ,ecomes o(erheated/ Explain. (*nswer: (a 7NO8 remains the same if press)re is increasedC e+)ili,ri)m does not shift in either direction ,eca)se of e+)al n)m,er of reactant and prod)ct molec)les in gaseo)s state. (, Oes. More No will ,e formed (e+)ili,ri)m shifts to the right if temperat)re increases in an endothermic reaction.
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Chem 1B Chapter 13 Exercises Exercise #3 1.

Name:________________________

Nitros.l ,romide- NOBr- decomposes according to the following e+)ation: # NOBr(g # NO(g ! Br#(g * %.?2 mole sample of nitros.l ,romide is placed in an e(ac)ated- sealed 1.%%3@ reaction (essel. 4hen the reaction reaches e+)ili,ri)m at a certain temperat)re- the concentration of NOBr in the e+)ili,ri)m mixt)re is %.2? M. Calc)late the concentration of NO and Br# at e+)ili,ri)m- and the e+)ili,ri)m constant Kc. (*nswer: 7NO8 9 %.1> MC 7Br#8 9 %.%:% M- and Kc 9 %.%12

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4hen 1.%%% mole of PCl' is introd)ced into a '.%%% @ container at '%% 5- ;>.'%Q of the PCl ' dissociates to gi(e an e+)ili,ri)m mixt)re of PCl'- PCl3- and Cl#. Calc)late the (al)es of Kc and Kp at '%% 5 for the following e+)ili,ri)m. PCl'(g PCl3(g ! Cl#(g (*nswer: Kc 9 %.';3C Kp 9 #3.'

3.

1or the e+)ili,ri)m: PCl'(g PCl3(g ! Cl#(g -

Kp 9 1.2# at a certain temperat)re.

$f the initial partial press)res are PPCl' 9 3.%% atm- PPCl3 9 #.%% atm- and PCl# 9 1.'% atm- what are the e+)ili,ri)m partial press)res of PCl'- PCl3- and Cl#/ (*nswer: at e+)ili,ri)m- PPCl' 9 #.;? atm- PPCl3 9 #.#2 atm- and PCl# 9 1.;2 atm

2.

Jhe decomposition of solid ammoni)m car,amate- N" 2(CO#N"# - to gaseo)s ammonia and car,on dioxide is an endothermic reaction. N"2(CO#N"# (s # N"3(g ! CO#(g

(a 4hen a solid sample of N"2(CO#N"# (s is introd)ced into an e(ac)ated flas& at #'oC- the total press)re of the gas at e+)ili,ri)m is %.11? atm. 4hat is the (al)e of Kp at #'oC/ (*nswer: at e+)ili,ri)m- PN"3 9 %.%;;3 atm and PCO# 9 %.%3>; atm- and Kp 9 #.31 x 1%02 (, Li(en that the decomposition reaction is at e+)ili,ri)m- how wo)ld the following changes affect the total +)antit. of N"3 in the flas& once e+)ili,ri)m is re3esta,lished/ Briefl. explain .o)r answer. (i *dding CO# (iv *dding nitrogen gas (ii *dding solid N"2(CO#N"# (v $ncreasing the total (ol)me (iii =emo(ing CO# (vi $ncreasing the temperat)re

(*nswer: (i e+)ili,ri)m shifts left 0 N"3 decreasesC (ii adding solid has no effect on e+)ili,ri)mC (iii e+)ili,ri)m will shift right and 7N"38 increasesC (iv No effect 0 N# is not part of the s.stemC (v $ncreasing total (ol)me will shift e+)ili,ri)m to the right 0 +)antit. of N" 3 increases- ,)t its partial press)re and concentration will not change.

Chem 1B Chapter 13 Exercises '.

Name:________________________

Jhe e+)ili,ri)m constant Kc for the following reaction is ;.#% x 1%3# at #'oC N"2"I(s N"3(g ! "#I(g * sample of N"2"I is placed in an e(ac)ated 1.%% @ container and the a,o(e reaction is allowed to reach e+)ili,ri)m at #'oC. 4hat are the partial press)res of N" 3 and "#I at e+)ili,ri)m/ (*nswer: PN"3 9 P"#I 9 ?.? atm

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Jhe commercial prod)ction of h.drogen gas ,. steam3reformation of methane gas in(ol(es an endothermic reaction represented ,. the following e+)ation. C"2(g ! "#O(g CO(g ! 3"#(g C Ho 9 #%? &N Rse @e ChatelierDs principle to explain what wo)ld happen to the amo)nt of h.drogen gas at e+)ili,ri)m when: (a car,on monoxide is remo(ed (, water (apor is remo(ed (c methane gas is remo(ed (d car,on monoxide is added (e the press)re is increased ,. p)mping argon gas into the e+)ili,ri)m mixt)re. (f * (al(e that leads the gaseo)s mixt)re into a second reaction cham,er is opened- ca)sing the press)re to drop. (g a catal.st is added to the e+)ili,ri)m mixt)re. (h the temperat)re of the e+)ili,ri)m mixt)re is increased

(*nswer: (a E+)ili,ri)m shifts right and 7"#8 increasesC (, E+)ili,ri)m shifts left and 7"#8 decreasesC (c E+)ili,ri)m shifts left and 7"#8 decreasesC (d E+)ili,ri)m shifts left and 7"#8 decreasesC (e No effect 0 *rgon gas is not part of e+)ili,ri)m s.stemC (f E+)ili,ri)m shifts right and 7"#8 increasesC (g No effect 0 catal.st increases ,oth forward and re(erse reactionC (h Jhis is an endothermic reaction 0 the forward reaction a,sor,s heat. E+)ili,ri)m shifts right if temperat)re increases and 7"#8 increase.

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