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Axioms of Hilbert

This document outlines the axioms of Euclidean geometry. It includes axioms of incidence, order, congruence, and continuity. The axioms of incidence state rules about points and lines, such as every two points defining a unique line and at least three points not all lying on the same line. The axioms of order define relationships between points on a line like betweenness. The axioms of congruence establish properties of segments and angles like congruent segments having the same length and SAS postulate. The axioms of continuity include Archimedes' axiom about multiple copies of a segment and Dedekind's axiom about partitioning a line.

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1K views2 pages

Axioms of Hilbert

This document outlines the axioms of Euclidean geometry. It includes axioms of incidence, order, congruence, and continuity. The axioms of incidence state rules about points and lines, such as every two points defining a unique line and at least three points not all lying on the same line. The axioms of order define relationships between points on a line like betweenness. The axioms of congruence establish properties of segments and angles like congruent segments having the same length and SAS postulate. The axioms of continuity include Archimedes' axiom about multiple copies of a segment and Dedekind's axiom about partitioning a line.

Uploaded by

Ardis Dimp
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Axioms for Euclidean Geometry

Axioms of Incidence
1. For every two points A and B, there exists
a unique line that contains both of them.
X
2. There are at least two points on any line.
3. There exist at least three points that do not
all lie on a line.
Axioms of Order
1. If A B C, then the points A, B, C are
three distinct points of a line, and C B A.
A
B
C
2. For two points B and D, there are points
A, C, and E, such that
A B D B C D B D E
A
B
C
D
E
3. Of any three points on a line, there exists
no more than one that lies between the other
two.
A
B
C
X
4. (Plane Separation Postulate) For every line
and points A, B, and C not on :
(i) If A and B are on the same side of and B
and C are on the same side of , then A and
C are on the same side of .
A
B
C
(ii) If A and B are on opposite sides of and
B and C are on opposite sides of , then A and
C are on the same side of .
A
B
C
Axioms of Congruence
1. (Segment construction) If A and B are dis-
tinct poionts and if A

is any point, then for


each ray r emanating fromA

, there is a unique
point B

on r such that AB A

.
A'
A
B
r
B'
2. If AB CD and AB EF, then CD
EF. Every segment is congruent to itself.
A B
C
D
E
F

3. (Segment addition) If A B C and A

, and if AB A

and BC B

,
then AC A

.
A
B
C
A'
B'
C'
4. (Angle construction) Given BAC and any
ray

A

, there is a unique ray



A

on a given
side of A

such that BAC B

.
A
B
C
A'
B'
C'
C'
5. If A B and A C, then B
C. Every angle is congruent to itself.
C

A
B
6. (SAS) If two sides and the included angle
of one triangle are congruent respectively to
two sides and the included angle of another
triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.

Axioms of Continuity
1. (Archimedes axiom) If AB and CD are any
two segments, there is some number n such
that n copies of CD constructed contiguously
from A along the ray

AB will pass beyond B.
A
B
C
D
2. (Dedekinds axiom) Suppose that all points
on line are the union of two nonempty set

1

2
such that no point of
1
is between
two points of
2
and vice versa. Then there is
a unique point O on such that P
1
OP
2
for
any point P
1

1
and P
2

2
.
) )
O

1
2
The Axiom on Parallels
1. (Playfairs postulate) For any line and
point P not on , there is exactly one line
through P parallel to .

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