UMTS Handover Performance

Optimization Guide
R1.0
UMTS Handover Performance Optimization Guide Internal Use Only
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A*out T+i% (ocument
Summar&
$+apter (e%cription
1 Handover Performance *nalysis
and Optimization
Handover performance analysis
' %ases of Handover Performance
Optimization
%ase analysis
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T*89$ O/ %O+T$+TS
1 Handover Performance Ana)&%i% and Optimization......................................1
1,1 :T Optimization *nalysis,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
1,1,1 %auses for Intra1/re;uency Handover /ailures,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
1,1,' %orner $ffect,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
1,1,6 %auses for Inter1/re;uency Handover /ailures,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
1,1,( %auses for Inter1)*T Handover /ailures,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
1,' Optimization of t.e Traffic Statistics,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
1,',1 %auses for Soft Handover /ailure,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
1,',' %auses for Inter1/re;uency Handover /ailure,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
1,',6 *nalysis of t.e )eason for t.e Out-oin- %S Inter1)*T Handover /ailure,,,,,,,,
1,',( *nalysis of t.e )eason for t.e Out-oin- PS Inter1)*T Handover /ailure,,,,,,,,
5 $a%e% of Handover Performance Optimization...........................................65
',1 %ases of Intra1)*T Handover Optimization,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
',1,1 Handover /ailure and %all :rop %aused 0y %orner $ffect,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
',1,' Handover /ailure and %all :rop %aused 0y Pinpoint $ffect,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
',1,6 Handover /ailure and %all :rop %aused 0y Insufficient PS% )euse
:istance,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
',1,( Handover /ailure and %all :rop %aused 0y 9imited System )esources,,,,,,,,,,
',' Inter1)*T Handover %ases,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
',',1 Handover /ailure %aused 0y Improper Intra1)*T Handover Parameter
%onfi-uration,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
',',' Handover /ailure %aused 0y 2ron- %onfi-uration of Intra1)*T +ei-.0orin-
cells,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
',',6 Inter1)*T PS :omain Handover /ailure %aused 0y +o )outin- 8et4een
SGS+s,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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/IGU)$S
/i-ure 111 *nalysis flo4 for intra1fre;uency .andover failures,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1
/i-ure 11' 3ud-in- missin- nei-.0orin- cells 0y 8est S% of t.e U$ and t.e Scanner <1=,,,,,,6
/i-ure 116 3ud-in- missin- nei-.0orin- cells 0y 8est S% of t.e U$ and t.e Scanner <'=,,,,,,(
/i-ure 11( Pilot set of t.e U$ 0efore t.e call drop,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,5
/i-ure 115 Pilot set of t.e U$ after t.e call drop,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,5
/i-ure 11> Usin- pilot pollution analysis al-orit.m ' to c.ec5 for missin- nei-.0orin- cells,, ,>
/i-ure 11" Parameter settin- for pilot pollution analysis al-orit.ms,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"
/i-ure 11 $?ample of pilot pollution analysis al-orit.m one,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
/i-ure 11@ $?ample of pilot pollution analysis al-orit.m t4o,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
/i-ure 111! $?ample of pilot pollution analysis al-orit.m t.ree,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,@
/i-ure 1111 *nalysis c.art of pilot pollution al-orit.m t.ree,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1!
/i-ure 111' %orner effect and si-nal c.an-es,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,16
/i-ure 1116 Pinpoint effect and si-nal c.an-es,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,15
/i-ure 111( Handover traffic statistic analysis flo4,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1@
/i-ure 1115 Soft .andover failure analysis flo4,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,'!
/i-ure 111> Inter1fre;uency .andover failure analysis flo4,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,''
/i-ure '11 Si-nalin- out of t.e elevator 0efore optimization,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,66
/i-ure '1' Si-nalin- in t.e elevator 0efore optimization,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,66
/i-ure '16 *nalysis of t.e call drop caused 0y corner effect,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,6(
/i-ure '1( Si-nalin- out of t.e elevator after t.e optimization,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,65
/i-ure '15 Si-nalin- at t.e moment of t.e elevator 0ein- closed after optimization,,,,,,,,,,,,,65
/i-ure '1> Handover and call drop caused 0y Pinpoint effect <T.e main service cell is PS%56
in moment 1=,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6"
/i-ure '1" Handover and call drop caused 0y Pinpoint effect <PS%56 cell leaves t.e active
set in moment '=,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6"
/i-ure '1 Handover and call drop caused 0y Pinpoint effect <%all drop .appens 0ecause t.e
PS%56 cell cannot Aoin in t.e active set in moment 6=,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,6
/i-ure '1@ Handover and call drop caused 0y tip effect,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,6
/i-ure '11! Main service cell PS%56,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,6@
/i-ure '111 Main service cell c.an-ed to 0e PS%(,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(!
/i-ure '11' Main service cell c.an-ed to 0e PS%56,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(!
/i-ure '116 %all drop near Bi Buan )estaurant,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(1
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UMTS Handover Performance Optimization Guide Internal Use Only
/i-ure '11( :istri0ution dia-ram of t.e +ode8 and scram0lin- near Bi Buan )estaurant, , , ,('
/i-ure '115 Si-nalin- of PS%"@ enterin- t.e active set in U$ lo-,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(6
/i-ure '11> %orrespondin- )+% si-nalin-,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(6
/i-ure '11" *ctive set list,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ((
/i-ure '11 )eported $vent 18,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ((
/i-ure '11@ %all drop caused 0y out of sync of t.e )adio 9in5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(5
/i-ure '1'! Screens.ot of Si-nalin- near BiBuan )estaurant after adAustment,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(>
/i-ure '1'1 Site dia-ram of Tai 9am Tunnel,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(@
/i-ure '1'' Indicator c.an-e after t.e ':C'/ parameter modification,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(@
/i-ure '1'6 %all drop caused 0y t.e inter1)*T .andover failure,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,5'
/i-ure '1'( GSM cell information delivered 0y t.e system,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,56
/i-ure '1'5 *ctual GSM cell information <8%%HD1'(=,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,5(
/i-ure '1'> +ormal Inter1)*T .andover after t.e GSM nei-.0orin- cell update,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,5(
/i-ure '1'" 8ac5-round si-nalin- 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 55
/i-ure '1' 8ac5-round si-nalin- ',,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 5>
T*89$S
Ta0le 111 Handover /ailure Scenarios,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1>
Ta0le 11' %auses for )9 *dditionCSetup /ailure on t.e Iu0 Interface,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,'1
Ta0le 116 General %auses for *ctive Set Update /ailure,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,'1
Ta0le 11( )easons for Uu Interface Handover /ailure,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,'(
Ta0le 115 )elevant %ounters in t.e Out-oin- %S Inter1)*T Handover Preparation Process'>
Ta0le 11> )elevant %ounters :urin- t.e Out-oin- %S Inter1)*T Handover on t.e Uu
Interface,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, '
Ta0le 11" )easons for t.e Out-oin- PS Inter1)*T Handover /ailure,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,6!
Ta0le '11 Indicator %.an-e *fter t.e ':C'/ Parameter Modification,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,5!
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1 Handover Performance Ana)&%i% and
Optimization
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1.1 (T Optimization Ana)&%i%
1.1.1 $au%e% for ntra4"re7uenc& Handover "ai)ure%
/i-ure 111 *nalysis flo4 for intra1fre;uency .andover failures
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1.1.1.1 Mi%%in/ !ei/+*orin/ ce))%
3ud-ment of missin- nei-.0orin- cells
+ei-.0orin- cells refer to cells t.at may enter t.e active setE and cells t.at t.e U$ may
reselect as t.e servin- cell or may 0e .anded over to, 2.en t.e U$ is at idle or /*%H
stateE it can read t.e nei-.0orin- cell information from t.e system informationE and it 4ill
measure t.ese cells 4.en t.e conditions are fulfilled, T.ereforeE missin- nei-.0orin-
cells may cause t.at t.e cell reselection cannot 0e finis.ed in timeE 4.ic. furt.er leads
to call setup failure, 2.en t.e U$ is at :%H stateE t.e )+% 4ill deliver t.e nei-.0orin-
cell information to t.e U$ t.rou-. t.e measurement control commandE and instruct t.e
U$ to measure all t.e nei-.0orin- cells t.at it may 0e .anded over to, In t.is conditionE
missin- nei-.0orin- cells may lead to call drops, GenerallyE t.e follo4in- t.ree met.ods
can 0e used to Aud-e missin- nei-.0orin- cellsF
1, 8est S% of t.e U$ and 8est S% of t.e Scanner
Missin- nei-.0orin- cells may lead to call drops, If 0ot. t.e U$ and t.e Scanner
are used in t.e testE 4e can c.ec5 4.et.er t.ere are any missin- nei-.0orin- cells
0y comparin- t.e $cCIo of t.e optimal servin- cell in t.e active set of t.e U$ and
t.e $cCIo of t.e optimal servin- cells measured 0y t.e Scanner, If t.e $cCIo of t.e
optimal servin- cell 4it.in t.e active set of t.e U$ is poorE 4.ile t.at measured 0y
t.e Scanner is -oodE and t.e PS%s of t.e optimal servin- cell recorded 0y t.e
Scanner is not included in t.e Mea%urement $ontro) si-nalin- delivered 0y t.e
)+%E it is certain t.at t.e some nei-.0orin- cells are missin-,
*s s.o4n in t.e fi-ure 0elo4E on one roadE t.e .e%t S$ *& Ec8o measured 0y t.e
U$ is poorE lo4er t.an 111d8E 4.ile t.at recorded 0y t.e Scanner is -oodE .i-.er
t.an 1 d8, T.e optimal servin- cell recorded 0y t.e Scanner is 1@( and (!@E 4.ile
t.at of t.e U$ is 1>!, T.rou-. t.e Mea%urement $ontro) si-nalin- received 0y t.e
U$E 4e find out t.at %ell 1@( and cell (!@ are not included in t.e nei-.0orin- cell
list, /rom t.isE it is safe to ascertain t.at some nei-.0orin- cells are missin-,
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/i-ure 11' 3ud-in- missin- nei-.0orin- cells 0y 8est S% of t.e U$ and t.e Scanner <1=
/i-ure 116 3ud-in- missin- nei-.0orin- cells 0y 8est S% of t.e U$ and t.e Scanner <'=
', Pilot set of t.e U$
If only t.e U$ is used in t.e testE 4e can Aud-e 4.et.er t.ere are missin-
nei-.0orin- cells 0y c.ec5in- t.e pilot set c.an-es 0efore and after t.e call drops,
It is safe to ascertain t.at some nei-.0orin- cells are missin- 4.en t.e follo4in-
t.ree conditions are all metF 1, One cell 4it. stron- si-nals e?ists in t.e detective
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set around t.e call drop pointG ', T.e PS% of t.e cell t.at t.e U$ accesses after t.e
call drop is different from t.e one t.at t.e U$ accessed 0efore t.e call dropG 6,
T.ere is no record a0out t.is cell in t.e last Mea%urement $ontro) messa-e t.at
t.e U$ received 0efore t.e call drop,
*s s.o4n in t.e fi-ure 0elo4E %ell''" 4it. stron- pilot stren-t. is included in t.e
detective set, *fter t.e call dropE t.e U$ accesses %ell''", Ho4everE %ell''" is
e?cluded in t.e nei-.0orin- cell list delivered 0y t.e last Mea%urement $ontro)
messa-e, T.enE 4e can ascertain t.at %ell''" is t.e missin- nei-.0orin- cell,
/i-ure 11( Pilot set of t.e U$ 0efore t.e call drop
/i-ure 115 Pilot set of t.e U$ after t.e call drop
6, %+* pilot pollution analysis al-orit.m '
%+* pilot pollution analysis al-orit.m ' is used to c.ec5 t.e test data of t.e U$,
Pilot pollution refers to t.e condition t.at t.e pilots t.at e?ceed t.e pilot pollution
t.res.old are not included in t.e active set after certain la- time, 2.en t.e U$ is
used in t.e testE t.e condition t.at t.e missin- nei-.0orin- cells t.at cannot Aoin t.e
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active set in a s.ort period of time deteriorates t.e $cCIo of t.e servin- cell and
-enerates e?tra interference, T.e pilot pollution analysis al-orit.m ' can speedily
locate t.e potential area 4it. missin- nei-.0orin- cells, T.enE t.e pilot set of t.e
U$ can 0e used to c.ec5 4.et.er t.e pro0lem e?ists,
*s s.o4n in t.e fi-ure 0elo4E you can locate t.e pilot pollution area 0y pilot
pollution analysis al-orit.m 'E and t.en use t.e U$ to Aud-e 4.et.er t.e pilot
pollution is caused 0y missin- nei-.0orin- cells, /rom t.e pilot set of t.e U$E 4e
can Aud-e t.at %ell1@( is t.e missin- nei-.0orin- cell,
/i-ure 11> Usin- pilot pollution analysis al-orit.m ' to c.ec5 for missin- nei-.0orin-
cells
Solution for missin- nei-.0orin- cells
Once t.e missin- nei-.0orin- cells are detectedE you s.ould add t.e cells to t.e
nei-.0orin- cell list in t.e OM%1), +ote t.at more confi-ured nei-.0orin- cells does not
necessarily represent t.e net4or5 performance is 0etter, It is t.e ;uality of t.e
nei-.0orin- cells t.at impacts t.e net4or5 performance, If too many nei-.0orin- cells
are confi-uredE t.e nei-.0orin- cell searc.in- period 4ill 0e prolon-edE and t.en t.e
e;uipment performance 4ill 0e impactedG on t.e contraryE if some nei-.0orin- cells are
missin-E unnecessary interference 4ill e?istE and call drop may occur, *t t.e initial sta-e
of net4or5 constructionE t.e net4or5 en-ineers set t.e nei-.0orin- cell relation 0ased on
field inspection and distri0ution of t.e 0ase stations, *fter t.e net4or5 is put into
commercial operationE t.e net4or5 load is added 4it. t.e increase of su0scri0ers, In t.is
conditionE t.e en-ineer can optimize t.e nei-.0orin- cell confi-uration 0y tracin- t.e
detected set and M),
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1.1.1.5 Pi)ot Po))ution
3ud-ment of pilot pollution
Pilot pollution is t.e most common pro0lem in UMTS, In plain termsE it refers to t.e
condition t.at t.e pilot si-nals received from different cells are similar <eit.er stron- or
4ea5= at one testin- pointE and t.ere is no primary pilot si-nal, *t presentE most UMTS
terminals support a ma?imum of t.ree active sets, In ot.er 4ordsE if more t.an t.ree
cells .ave similar $cCIosE t.e t.ree )9s in t.e active set 4ill 0e interfered,
Pilot pollution is -enerally caused 0y improper desi-n of t.e net4or5 covera-e, T.e
follo4in- causes may lead to poor covera-eF overs.ootin- of .i-. sitesE rin-1s.aped
+ode8 distri0utionE 4ave1-uide effectE and lar-e reflector, *ll t.ese factors lead to t.e
deformation of si-nals, *reas 4it. severe pilot pollution 4ill .ave lo4 call setup success
rateE lo4 call setup success rate for .i-.1speed data servicesE .i-. .andover failure rateE
and compromised capacity,
%+* .as defined t.ree al-orit.ms to calculate t.e pilot pollution, %lic5 Too)% H Ana)&%i%
Parameter Setup to set t.e parameters related to t.e al-orit.ms, T.ese al-orit.ms can
speedily and accurately analyze t.e pilot pollution pro0lemE and timely locate t.e pilot
pollution area,
/i-ure 11" Parameter settin- for pilot pollution analysis al-orit.ms
T.e a0ove fi-ure s.o4s t.e settin- of parameters related to pilot pollution and t.eir
default value,
*l-orit.m one considers t.e num0er of pilots in t.e active setE and is applica0le to t.e
test data of t.e Scanner and t.e U$, *l-orit.m one is defined as t.e num0er of pilots
t.at .as e?ceeded t.e pilot pollution t.res.old and t.e active set t.res.old, In al-orit.m
oneE pilot pollution is defined as follo4sF )S%P H 1@5 d8m <)S%P T.res.old=E and $cCIo
H 16 d8 <$cCIo T.res.old=, 2e can -et t.e num0er of pilot pollutions 0y su0tractin- 6
<active set= from t.e total num0er of pilots t.at .ave e?ceeded t.e pilot pollution t.res.old,
*s s.o4n in t.e fi-ure 0elo4E 4.en t.e parameters related to pilot pollution is set as
s.o4n in t.e fi-ure a0oveE t.ree pilots .ave e?ceeded t.e pilot pollution t.res.oldE and
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t.e num0er of t.e active set is set to 6E so t.e num0er of pilot pollution is !, If t.e )S%P
T.res.old is set to 0e lar-er t.an 11!5 d8mE and t.e $cCIo T.res.old is set to 0e lar-er
t.an 11 d8E t.en four pilots .ave e?ceeded t.e pilot pollution t.res.old, 8ecause t.e
active set is set to 6E t.e num0er of pilot pollution is 1,
/i-ure 11 $?ample of pilot pollution analysis al-orit.m one

*l-orit.m t4o does not consider t.e num0er of pilots in t.e active setE and it is
applica0le to t.e test data of t.e U$, Pilot pollution refers to t.e condition t.at t.e pilots
t.at e?ceed t.e pilot pollution t.res.old are not included in t.e active set after certain la-
time, In al-orit.m t4oE pilot pollution is defined as follo4sF )S%P H 1@5 d8m <)S%P
T.res.old=E and $cCIo H 16 d8 <$cCIo T.res.old=, +um0er of t.e pilot pollutions refers to
t.e pilots t.at .ave e?ceeded t.e pilot pollution t.res.oldE and are not included in t.e active
set after certain la- time,
2.en t.e parameters related to pilot pollution is set as s.o4n in t.e fi-ure 0elo4E t.ree
pilots .ave e?ceeded t.e pilot pollution t.res.old, *fter 1 sE pilot ''' and pilot 1'6 still
are not included in t.e active setE so t.e num0er of pilot pollution is ',
/i-ure 11@ $?ample of pilot pollution analysis al-orit.m t4o
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*l-orit.m t.reeE defined 0y %.ina UnicomE is applica0le to t.e test data of t.e Scanner
and t.e U$, HereE pilot pollution refers to t.e num0er of pilots t.at .as e?ceeded t.e
pilot pollution t.res.old and t.e active set t.res.old, In al-orit.m t.reeE pilot pollution is
defined as follo4sF )S%P H 11!! d8m <)S%P T.res.old=E and $cCIo H 18estServin-%ell
1 5d8 <$cCIo T.res.old=, 2e can -et t.e num0er of pilot pollutions 0y su0tractin- 6
<active set= from t.e total num0er of pilots t.at .as e?ceeded t.e pilot pollution
t.res.old,
*s s.o4n in t.e fi-ure 0elo4E 4.en t.e parameters related to pilot pollution is set as
s.o4n in /i-ure 1 1"E si? pilots .ave e?ceeded t.e pilot pollution t.res.old, 8ecause t.e
active set is set to 6E t.e num0er of pilot pollution is 6,
/i-ure 111! $?ample of pilot pollution analysis al-orit.m t.ree
!ote-
T.e parameter settin-s of t.e t.ree al-orit.ms are differentE so t.eir conclusions also
may differ, Pilot pollution analysis can .elp to locate t.e area 4it. possi0le pilot pollution
pro0lems, T.erefore t.ese t.ree al-orit.ms 4it. different parameter settin-s can 0e
used to analyze t.e condition of t.e net4or5 from different aspects, T.enE 4e can put
for4ard a more customized net4or5 optimization solution, /or %.ina Unicom proAectsE it
is recommended to use al-orit.m t.ree to evaluate t.e pilot pollution level,
T.e follo4in- fi-ure s.o4s t.e analysis c.art of pilot pollution al-orit.m t.ree, !E 1E 'E
and 6 represent t.e num0er of pilot pollution,
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/i-ure 1111 *nalysis c.art of pilot pollution al-orit.m t.ree

Solution for pilot pollution
To solve t.e pilot pollution pro0lemE 4e .ave to find one main covera-e pilot 4it.in t.e
pilot pollution areaE 4.ic. can 0e performed 0y t.e follo4in- stepsF
1, *dd 0ase stations,
If pilot pollution .appens in areas 4it. stron- covera-e si-nalsE reconstruct t.e
am0ient 0ase stations to omni cells or '1sector 0ase stations to reduce t.e num0er
of pilotsG if pilot pollution .appens in areas 4it. poor covera-e si-nalsE add a ne4
0ase station in t.e polluted area, It is common to add 0ase stations in t.e pilot
polluted areas, T.e 4or5in- principle is as follo4sF t.e pat. loss of a ne4ly
constructed site 4ill 0e far less t.an t.at of t.e cells in t.e pilot polluted areas
o4nin- to t.e distance causes, So t.e pilot po4er of t.is site 4ill o0viously lar-er
t.an t.at of t.e ot.er sitesE and t.e ne4 site 4ill 4or5 as t.e main servin- cell of t.e
U$, /or t.e sectors of t.e ori-inal sitesE t.e introduction of t.e ne4 site .elps to
increase t.e Io value of t.is areaE so t.e $cCIo reducesE and t.e pilot pollution
pro0lem is solved, T.is met.od .as its o4n s.ortcomin-sE for e?ampleE it may
4aste some resourcesE PS% resourcesE or even capacity, 2.atIs moreE it ma5es
t.e PS% plannin- 0ecome more complicatedE and increase t.e investment,
', *dAust TJ po4er of t.e cell,
Increase or decrease t.e TJ po4er of one or multiple cells 4it.in t.e pilot polluted
areaE t.en a main pilot 4ill appear, If t.e TJ po4er of t.e cell is reducedE t.e Io
value 4it.in t.e area also 4ill reduce, T.enE t.e $%CIo 4ill 0e increased under t.e
precondition t.at t.e po4er of t.e rest pilots remains unc.an-ed, In t.is 4ayE you
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can enlar-e t.e difference 0et4een t.e main pilot and t.e rest PS%s in $cCIoE
t.ere0y removin- t.e pilot pollution, #T$ .as proved t.at t.ere 4ill not 0e
si-nificant c.an-es in t.e cell capa0ility 4.en t.e TJ po4er of t.e pilot is reduced,
SimilarlyE increase of t.e TJ po4er of one or t4o sectors can .elp to increase t.e
$cCIo of t.e sector<s=E and t.en $cCIo of t.e ot.er sectors is reduced for t.e Io value
is increased, T.ere0yE t.e pilot pollution pro0lem is solved, :ifferent from reducin-
t.e TJ po4erE 4.en you increase t.e TJ po4er of t.e sectorsE you must ensure
t.at t.is operation 4ill not -enerate e?tra interference to ot.er cells or even ne4
pilot pollutions in ot.er areas, *ll t.ese pro0lems may appear,
SurelyE t.is adAustment met.od also .as its o4n s.ortcomin-sF
If t.e po4er of t.e pilot increasesE t.e sync c.annel po4er and pa-in- c.annel
po4er also increaseE and t.en t.e traffic c.annel po4er 4ill reduce,
If t.e pilot po4er is reducedE t.e penetration of t.e si-nals 4ill 0e -reatly reducedE
and t.en t.e communication ;uality 4ill 0e affected, T.erefore increasin- rat.er
t.an decreasin- of t.e po4er is recommended,
8ecause t.e TJ po4er of t.e sector is adAustedE t.e covera-e of t.e cell and
am0ient cells may 0e affected, 2.en optimizin- t.e pilot pollution issueE you must
fully consider t.e impact of t.is operation on system covera-e,
6, *dAust t.e antenna parameters,
T.is mainly refers to t.e azimut. and do4ntilt, T.e solution is to -enerate a main
pilot si-nal stron- enou-. for t.e pilot pollution areaE and to reduce t.e pilot ;uality
of t.e ot.er si-nals, T.e adAusta0le ran-e of t.e antenna do4ntilt is small,
T.erefore you can adAust t.e do4ntilts of multiple cells to e?pand t.e adAustment
ran-e, T.is may also influence t.e covera-e of t.e adAusted cell and its am0ient
cells, %ompared 4it. adAustin- t.e TJ po4er of t.e sectorsE adAustin- t.e antenna
do4ntilt 4ill .ave limited influences on covera-e, Only t.e covera-e of t.e am0ient
cells 4ill 0e sli-.tly impacted for t.e cell 0reat.in- effect,
SimilarlyE if you adAust t.e azimut. ade;uatelyE t.e si-nal po4er of t.is sector in t.e
polluted area 4ill decrease or increaseE t.en t.e difference amon- t.e si-nal po4er
of different sectors 4ill 0e enlar-edE and t.e pilot pollution pro0lem can 0e solved,
Ho4everE it is not easy to control t.e TJ po4er of t.e sector 4it.in t.e ran-e 0y
adAustin- t.e sector azimut., 2.atIs moreE t.e covera-e of t.is sector may 0e
affected, *ctuallyE azimut. is mainly used to adAust t.e covera-e,
/rom t.e reasons a0oveE 4e can see t.at adAustin- antenna azimut. and do4ntilt
are -ood optimization met.ods to solve t.e pilot pollution pro0lem, It re;uires fe4
proAect loadsE and .as little impact on system covera-e, It is recommended to use
t.e plannin- soft4are 4it. advanced al-orit.ms and .i-. accuracy to do t.e
simulation, :urin- t.e :TE several en-ineers can 4or5 to-et.er to modify t.e
parameters,
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(, )eplace t.e ori-inal antenna 4it. )emote $lectrical Tilt <)$T=,
2.en t.e do4ntilt of mec.anical antennas is increasedE t.e antenna 0eam 4ill 0e
flattenedE and more si-nals cover t.e side lo0e, T.en covera-e of t.e side lo0e to
ot.er cells 4ill increaseE and t.e ne4 pilot pollution may occur, /or t.e )$TE t.is
5ind of pro0lem never appears, T.ereforeE you can replace t.e mec.anical antenna
4it. )$T 4.en t.e ot.er met.ods do not 4or5,
5, *dAust .andover parameters,
/rom t.e .andover aspectE you can increase t.e .andover t.res.old properly so
si-nals 4it. poor $cCIo cannot enter t.e active set, Ho4everE t.is may cause t.e
pro0lem t.at t.e .andover cannot 0e completed timelyE and t.e .andover failure
rate may arise,
1.1.5 $orner Effect
:escription
%orner effectF *fter t.e U$ reports t.at t.e tar-et cell satisfies t.e re;uirement for $vent
1* or $vent 1%E t.e $cCIo of t.e source cell decreases a0ruptlyE 4.ile t.at of t.e tar-et
cell increases a0ruptly, /rom t.e 0ac5-round si-nal tracin- 4e can see t.at t.e )+%
delivers t.e active set up-rade command after receivin- t.e measurement report,
Ho4everE t.e U$ fails to receive t.is commandE and call drop .appens,
T.e fi-ure 0elo4 is t.e scenario t.at t.e .andover .appens at t.e crossroads, T.e U$
moves from cell' to cell1 at a .i-. speed, T.e U$ reports t.at cell1 satisfies $vent 1*
t.rou-. t.e lin5 of %ell', 2.en it crosses t.e roadE si-nals of %ell' decreases 4.ile t.at
of %ell1 increasesE and $cCIo of %ell' deteriorates, T.rou-. t.e )+% delivers t.e
command to up-rade t.e active setE t.e U$ cannot receive t.e command for t.e poor
)9s of %ell', T.enE t.e U$ cannot perform t.e .andover in timeE and call drop .appens,
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/i-ure 111' %orner effect and si-nal c.an-es
SolutionF
/rom t.e a0ove analysisE 4e can see t.at corner effect is mainly caused 0y a0rupt drop
of t.e $cCIo in t.e source cell and increase of $cCIo in t.e tar-et cell, To counter t.e
corner effectE you s.ould include t.e tar-et cell into t.e active set 0efore t.e si-nal of t.e
source cell drops a0ruptly, T.e follo4in- met.ods can 0e used to counter t.e corner
effect,
1, *dAust cell %IO,
Set t.e %IO of t.e tar-et cell to a positive valueE so t.e tar-et cell can report $vent
1* as soon as possi0leE and t.en it can enter t.e active set 0efore t.e si-nal of t.e
source cell drops a0ruptly, T.is settin- also ma5es it difficult for t.e tar-et cell to
report $vent 18E and t.en t.e cell .andover proportion is increased,
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', *dAust cell )1a <)pt)an-e=E H1a <Hysteresis=E and Time to Tri--er,
8y increasin- )1aE decreasin- H1a and Time to Tri--er of t.e source cellE its
nei-.0orin- cells can report $vent 1* earlyE and t.e tar-et cell also can enter t.e
active set early,
%ompared 4it. adAustin- t.e cell %IOE adAustin- )1aE H1aE and Time to Tri--er may
influence t.e .andover 0et4een t.e source cell and t.e nei-.0orin- cells,
6, *dAust t.e )/ parameters,
8y adAustin- t.e )/ parametersE t.e antenna of t.e tar-et cell can cover across t.e
cornerE so t.e .andover .appens 0efore t.e U$ reac.es t.e corner, OrE you can
ma5e t.e antenna of t.e source cell cover across t.e corner to avoid t.e a0rupt
drop of t.e si-nals, T.enE t.e call drop rate reduces, In actual applicationE t.e
adAustment of t.e )/ parameters and 4.et.er t.e antenna can cover across t.e
corner depend on t.e e?perience of t.e en-ineersE 4.ic. ma5es t.is met.od .ard
to apply,
1.1.5.1 Pinpoint Effect
:escriptionF
Pinpoint effect mainly .appens in t.e s.ado4 area of t.e 0uildin-s or areas 4.ere
indoor si-nals are lea5ed outdoors, *s to t.e si-nal c.an-esE t.e $cCIo of t.e source cell
increases after a certain periods of decreasin-E and t.e $cCIo of t.e tar-et cell sur-es in
a s.ort period of time, *s to t.e si-nalin- c.an-esE t.e U$ reports t.at t.e tar-et cell
satisfies $vent 1* or 1%E and t.en reports t.at t.e source cell satisfies $vent 18 or 1%,
T.enE t.e U$ removes t.e source cell from t.e active set, Ho4everE t.e source cell
reports $vent 1* Aust after t.e removalE and at t.is momentE t.e si-nal ;uality of t.e
tar-et cell plun-es, T.e U$ cannot receive t.e active set up-rade command delivered
0y t.e )+%E and t.en .andover fails,
T.e fi-ure 0elo4 s.o4s t.e typical pinpoint effect and t.e typical si-nal c.an-es,
T.ere is one 0uildin- in %ell1E and t.e area 0e.ind t.e 0uildin- is t.e s.ado4 area of
%ell1E and t.e si-nals from %ell' are very stron- in t.is area, InitiallyE t.e U$ is
connected to %ell1E and t.en it moves to t.e s.ado4 area of %ell1, *t moment oneE t.e
U$ -ets t.rou-. t.e s.ado4 area of %ell1E %ell' reports $vent 1*E and t.e U$ adds
%ell' to t.e active set, *t moment 'E t.e si-nal of %ell1 plun-es for t.e 0loc5in- of t.e
0uildin- and reports $vent 18E and t.e U$ removes %ell1 from t.e active setE and t.en
only %ell' remains in t.e active set, *t moment 6E t.e U$ moves out of t.e s.ado4 area
of %ell1E t.e si-nal of %ell1 upsur-esE ad reports $vent 1*, Ho4ever t.e U$ cannot
receive t.e active set up-rade command delivered 0y t.e )+% for t.e si-nal of %ell'
plun-esE and t.e .andover fails,
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/i-ure 1116 Pinpoint effect and si-nal c.an-es
SolutionF
/rom t.e a0ove analysisE 4e can see t.e pinpoint effect is mainly caused 0y a0rupt drop
and t.e su0se;uent arise of $cCIo in t.e source cell in a s.ort period of time,
8ecause t.e si-nal ;uality in t.e source cell only drops in a s.ort period of timeE to
counter t.e corner effectE you s.ould ensure t.at t.e source cell remains in t.e active
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set 4.en its si-nals drop a0ruptly, T.e follo4in- met.ods can 0e used to counter t.e
pinpoint effect,
1, *dAust cell %IO,
Set t.e %IO of t.e tar-et cell to a positive valueE 4.ic. ma5es it .ard for t.e source
cell to report $vent 18E and t.en it can remain in t.e active set 4.en its si-nals
drop a0ruptly,
', *dAust cell )1a <)pt)an-e=E H1a <Hysteresis=E and Time to Tri--er,
8y increasin- )1a and Time to Tri--er and decreasin- H1a of t.e tar-et cellE you
can ma5e it .ard for t.e nei-.0orin- cells of t.e tar-et cell to report $vent 18E and
t.en t.e source cell can remain in t.e active set 4.en its si-nals drop a0ruptly,
%ompared 4it. adAustin- t.e cell %IOE adAustin- )1aE H1aE and Time to Tri--er may
influence t.e .andover 0et4een t.e tar-et cell and its nei-.0orin- cells,
6, *dAust t.e )/ parameters,
*dAust t.e )/ parametersE and t.en t.e si-nals 0ot. of t.e source and tar-et cell
can 0ecome smoot.er,
1.1.5.5 $on9oint Ana)&%i% of (T (ata and .ac1/round Si/na)in/
8ased on t.e si-nalin- flo4E t.e .andover mainly .appens in t.e follo4in- scenariosF
Ta0le 111 Handover /ailure Scenarios
Scenario% $au%e%
2.en t.e U$ enters a ne4 cellE t.e
)+% does not receive t.e
Mea%urement Report messa-e,
%.ec5 t.e ))% messa-es, If t.e U$
sends t.e Measurement )eport
messa-eE 4.ile t.e )+% fails to
receive it, T.e U9 is faulty,
Some nei-.0orin- cells are missin-,
T.e pilot pollution pro0lem e?ists,
T.ere are too many cells in t.e
monitorin- set of t.e U$E so t.e cell
searc.in- period is too lon-,
T.e movin- speed of t.e U$ is fastE
4.ic. ma5es t.e .andover detection
fails,
T.e .andover area is too small,
T.e .andover parameters are
improperly set,
T.e )+% receives t.e Mea%urement
Report messa-eE 0ut does not send
t.e *ctive Set Update messa-e,
If t.e )+% does not send t.e radio
Lin1 Set Up8Addition Re7ue%t
messa-eE t.e net4or5 may 0e
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Scenario% $au%e%
con-ested or t.e .ard4are is faulty,
T.e :9 is faulty,
T.e )+% sends t.e Active Set
Update messa-eE 0ut t.e U$ fails to
receive it,
T.e :9 is faulty,
T.e U$ receives t.e Active Set
Update messa-eE 0ut does not
respond,
T.e U$ is faulty,
T.e U$ sends t.e Active Set Update
$omp)ete8"ai)ure messa-eE 0ut t.e
)+% fails to receive it,
T.e U9 is faultyE or t.e timer for active set
update e?piresE and t.e connection is
released,
T.e .andover1tar-et +ode8 does not
send t.e Radio Lin1 Re%tore
ndication messa-e to t.e )+%,
T.e U9 of t.e tar-et +ode8 is not
sync.ronized 4it. t.e U$,
1.1.6 $au%e% for nter4"re7uenc& Handover "ai)ure%
Inter1fre;uency .andover mainly .appens amon- t.e inter1fre;uency nei-.0orin- cells,
T.e place and condition of inter1fre;uency .andovers must 0e properly set, GenerallyE if
t.e t.res.old for ena0lin- t.e compressed mode of t.e inter1fre;uency .andover is too
.i-.E t.e U$s fre;uently ena0les t.e compressed modes 4.en t.ey are near t.e cell
ed-eE and t.en muc. si-nalin- over.ead are 4astedE and system interference is
-enerated, If t.e t.res.old is too lo4E t.e compressed mode measurement is tri--ered
too late and t.e .andover cannot 0e performed timely, T.enE call drops 4ill occur,
T.e main cause for t.e inter1fre;uency .andover failure is t.at t.e .andover area is too
narro4E so t.e U$ reac.es t.e cell ed-e Aust after it started t.e inter1fre;uency
measurement, T.e .andover measurement cannot 0e finis.ed,
:urin- t.e indoorCoutdoor .andoverE if t.e indoor and outdoor cells are at different
fre;uenciesE t.e .andover success rate 4ill 0e lo4er t.an t.e soft .andover success
rate, To solve t.is pro0lemE you can use t.e follo4in- met.odsF
1, *dAust t.e .andover parameters to control t.e indoor and outdoor .andover area,
', Set t.e .andover areas at places 4it. little traffic,
6, %onstruct a transitional cell in indoor areaE so t.e inter1fre;uency .andover can
.appen indoors,
(, Install t.e antenna in a proper location and control t.e po4er at t.e antenna port to
adAust t.e area of .ard .andover,
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1.1.: $au%e% for nter4RAT Handover "ai)ure%
T.e -eneral causes for inter1)*T .andover failures are as follo4sF
1, T.e ;uality of U9 is poor,
', T.e t.res.old for $vent ': is set improperly,
6, T.e parameter for $vent 6* is set improperly,
(, Some GSM nei-.0orin- cells of t.e current UMTS cell are missin-,
5, Too many GSM nei-.0orin- cells are confi-ured for t.e UMTS cell,
>, +o radio resources are availa0le for t.e tar-et GSM cell,
T.e optimization of t.e .andover 0et4een UMTS and GSM is to optimize t.e 0oundaries
of t.e UMTS and GSM net4or5s, /or e?ampleE if t.e GSM cell can provide favora0le
si-nals at t.e UMTS 0oundaryE t.e .andover to GSM is favored, If t.e GSM si-nals are
4ea5E t.e failure possi0ility of inter1)*T measurement or si-nalin- interaction 4ill
increase, T.enE call drops 4ill occur, T.erefore t.e si-nal covera-e 4it.in t.e UTMS
net4or5 s.ould 0e continuousE and t.e num0er of 4ea5 covera-e areas or 0lind areas
s.ould 0e minimum, *nd t.e inter1)*T .andovers s.ould .appen at t.e 0oundary of t.e
UMTS net4or5E and t.e times s.ould 0e minimum, In additionE t.e inter1)*T .andovers
s.ould .appen in areas 4it. small population densityE and t.e .andover times s.ould 0e
minimum, T.is can avoid t.e si-nalin- interaction delay or failure caused 0y insufficient
processin- capa0ilityE 4.ic. may furt.er lead to call drops,
1.5 Optimization of t+e Traffic Stati%tic%
*fter t.e net4or5 is put into commercial operation and enters t.e OKM sta-eE t.e
en-ineers can analyze t.e net4or5 performance 0y monitorin- t.e traffic statisticsE 4it.
:T data as t.e assistance,
T.e follo4in- fi-ure displays t.e .andover traffic statistic analysis flo4,
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/i-ure 111( Handover traffic statistic analysis flo4
1.5.1 $au%e% for Soft Handover "ai)ure
T.e soft .andover failure can 0e analyzed from t.e follo4in- aspectsF association dataE
fore-round and 0ac5-round si-nalin- tracin-E and association LPI analysis, T.e
follo4in- fi-ure displays t.e flo4 to analyze t.e soft .andover failure,
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/i-ure 1115 Soft .andover failure analysis flo4
T.e
.andover procedure contains t.ree sta-esF .andover decision sta-eE .andover
preparation sta-eE and .andover on t.e Uu interface,
Handover decision sta-e
T.e U$ reports $vent 1*E 18E and 1%E and t.en t.e )+% admission control module
determines 4.et.er to let t.e U$ to 0e .anded over to t.e tar-et cell 0ased on t.e
current system resources of t.e tar-et cell, If t.e tar-et cell can provide sufficient
resourcesE t.e )+% tri--ers t.e .andover preparation, T.e )+% sends t.e Radio Lin1
Setup Re7ue%t messa-e to re;uest t.e +ode8 to 0uild t.e correspondin- )9G if t.e
tar-et cell cannot provide sufficient resourcesE t.e )+% tri--ers t.e con-estion control
flo4E and postpones t.e .andlin- of t.e events, Bou can c.ec5 4.et.er t.e .andover
failure is caused 0y t.e con-ested tar-et cell 0y t.e .andover con-estion rate,
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Handover preparation sta-e
T.e )+% receives t.e measurement report sent 0y t.e U$E and t.en instructs t.e tar-et
+ode8 to 0uild t.e correspondin- )9s t.rou-. t.e Radio Lin1 Setup Re7ue%t
messa-e, *fter t.e )9s are successfully 0uiltE t.e .andover on t.e Uu interface 0e-ins,
If t.e +ode8 returns t.e Radio Lin1 Setup "ai)ed messa-eE t.e .andover preparation
fails, T.e causes t.at may lead to .andover preparation failure are included in t.e
follo4in- ta0le,
Ta0le 11' %auses for )9 *dditionCSetup /ailure on t.e Iu0 Interface
$au%e% for RL Addition8Setup "ai)ure on t+e u* nterface
T+8*PMulMsfMnotMsupported
T+8*PMdlMs/MnotMsupported
T+8*PMcmMnotMsupported
T+8*PMtransportMresourceMunavaila0le
T+8*PMre;uestedMconfi-urationMnotMsupported
T+8*PMunspecifiedM'
+o response
Handover on t.e Uu interface sta-e
*fter t.e tar-et +ode8 finis.es 0uildin- t.e )9sE t.e )+% instructs t.e U$ to perform
t.e .andover t.rou-. t.e Active Set Update si-nalin-, *fter t.e .andover is completedE
t.e U$ reports t.e Active Set Update $omp)ete messa-e, If t.e U$ returns Active Set
Update "ai)ed or t.e )+% receives no response from t.e U$E t.en t.e .andover on t.e
Uu interface also fails, T.e causes t.at may lead to .andover failure on t.e Uu interface
are included in t.e follo4in- ta0le,
Ta0le 116 General %auses for *ctive Set Update /ailure
Genera) $au%e% for Active Set Update "ai)ure
%onfi-uration unsupported
P.ysical c.annel failure
Incompati0le simultaneous reconfi-uration
%ompressed mode runtime error
Protocol error
%ell update occurred
+o response
%urrent t.e soft .andover success rate only refers to t.e .andover success rate on t.e
Uu interface,
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1.5.5 $au%e% for nter4"re7uenc& Handover "ai)ure
/i-ure 111> Inter1fre;uency .andover failure analysis flo4
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T.e inter1fre;uency .andover procedure contains t.ree sta-esF .andover decision
sta-eE .andover preparation sta-eE and .andover on t.e Uu interface,
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T.e .andover decision sta-e is mainly to Aud-e 4.et.er t.e inter1fre;uency cells can
provide sufficient resources to 0uild t.e ne4 services,
T.e inter1fre;uency .andover preparation sta-e is similar to t.at of t.e soft .andover,
/or t.e .andover on t.e Uu interfaceE t.e )+% adopts t.e Radio .earer
Reconfi/urationNTran%port $+anne) Reconfi/urationNP+&%ica) $+anne)
Reconfi/uration messa-es to instruct t.e U$ to perform t.e .ard .andoverE and t.en
t.e U$ reports t.e Radio .earer Reconfi/uration comp)eteNTran%port $+anne)
Reconfi/uration comp)eteN P+&%ica) $+anne) Reconfi/uration $omp)ete messa-e
after t.e .ard .andover is completed, If t.e U$ returns Radio .earer Reconfi/uration
"ai)edNTran%port $+anne) Reconfi/uration "ai)edNP+&%ica) $+anne)
Reconfi/uration "ai)ed or t.e )+% receives no response from t.e U$E t.en t.e
.andover on t.e Uu interface also fails, T.e causes t.at may lead to .andover failure on
t.e Uu interface are included in t.e follo4in- ta0le,
Ta0le 11( )easons for Uu Interface Handover /ailure
"ai)ure $our%e Rea%on for Active Set Update "ai)ure
%onfi-uration
unsupported
If t.e .ard .andover of t.e U$ to t.e tar-et cell is decided to
0e madeE t.e )+% 4ill send t.e reconfi-uration messa-e to
t.e U$, T.e reconfi-uration messa-e includes multiple 5inds
of parameter confi-urationE suc. as )8E transmission c.annelE
and p.ysical c.annel, If t.e parameter confi-uration is 0eyond
t.e U$Is capa0ilityE t.e U$ 4ill return t.e reconfi-uration failure
messa-e to t.e )+%E and t.e reason for t.e failure is t.at t.e
confi-uration is not supported, If t.e parameter value is not in
t.e allo4ed ran-eE or t.e mute? parameters appear in t.e
messa-e at t.e same timeE or t.e parameters in t.e messa-e
are not consistent 4it. eac. ot.erE t.e U$ 4ill send t.e
reconfi-uration failure messa-e to t.e )+%E and t.e reason is
$onfi/uration un%upported.
P.ysical c.annel
failure
If t.e .ard .andover of t.e U$ to t.e tar-et cell is decided to
0e madeE t.e )+% 4ill send t.e reconfi-uration messa-e to
t.e U$, If t.e U$ is in t.e dedicated status 0efore t.e .ard
.andoverE it tries to esta0lis. t.e dedicated p.ysical c.annel
accordin- to t.e parameter confi-uration in t.e messa-eE and
start to sync.ronize t.e p.ysical layer 4it. t.at at t.e net4or5
side, If t.e sync.ronization failsE t.e U$ 4ill send t.e )+% t.e
reconfi-uration failure messa-eE and t.e reason is p+&%ica)
c+anne) fai)ure, *t t.e same timeE t.e U$ returns to t.e status
0efore receivin- t.e messa-e,
Incompati0le
simultaneous
reconfi-uration
If t.e .ard .andover of t.e U$ to t.e tar-et cell is decided to
0e madeE t.e )+% 4ill send t.e reconfi-uration messa-e to
t.e U$, If t.e U$ is 0usy 4it. dealin- t.e ot.er messa-es
4.en receivin- t.is messa-eE t.e U$ 4ill send t.e
reconfi-uration failure messa-e to t.e )+%E and t.e reason is
incompati*)e %imu)taneou% reconfi/uration,
%ompressed mode
runtime error
If t.e .ard .andover of t.e U$ to t.e tar-et cell is decided to
0e madeE t.e )+% 4ill send t.e reconfi-uration messa-e to
t.e U$, If t.e reconfi-uration messa-e carries t.e compressed
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"ai)ure $our%e Rea%on for Active Set Update "ai)ure
mode parameterE and t.e multi activated transmission -ap
pattern se;uences create t.e transmission -aps in t.e same
radio frameE t.e U$ 4ill send t.e reconfi-uration failure
messa-e to t.e )+%E and t.e reason is t.e compre%%ion
mode runtime error, One radio frame can only include t.e
transmission -ap of one function, T.e transmission -ap is t.e
time slot used for t.e inter1fre;uencyCinter1)*T measurement
in one radio frame,
Protocol error
If t.e .ard .andover of t.e U$ to t.e tar-et cell is decided to
0e madeE t.e )+% 4ill send t.e reconfi-uration messa-e to
t.e U$, If some parameters in t.e reconfi-uration messa-e do
not conform to t.e protocol <suc. as -rammar mista5es=E t.e
U$ 4ill send t.e reconfi-uration failure messa-e to t.e )+%E
and t.e reason is protoco) error,
%ell update
occurred
If t.e .ard .andover of t.e U$ to t.e tar-et cell is decided to
0e madeE t.e )+% 4ill send t.e reconfi-uration messa-e to
t.e U$, If t.e radio lin5 failure ma5es t.e U$ activate t.e cell
update in t.e reconfi-uration processE t.e U$ 4ill send t.e
messa-e a0out reconfi-uration failure to t.e )+% after t.e cell
updateE and t.e reason is ce)) update occurred,
+o reply
If t.e .ard .andover of t.e U$ to t.e tar-et cell is decided to
0e madeE t.e )+% 4ill send t.e reconfi-uration messa-e to
t.e U$E start t.e timerE and 4ait for t.e response from t.e U$,
If t.e reconfi-uration messa-e or t.e reconfi-uration response
messa-e is lost in t.e transmission processE t.e timer at t.e
)+% side 4ill e?pireE t.at is to sayE t.e U$ does not response
in t.e 4aitin- timeE 4.ic. is mainly caused 0y t.e poor radio
environment,
1.5.6 Ana)&%i% of t+e Rea%on for t+e Out/oin/ $S nter4RAT Handover
"ai)ure
Out-oin- %S inter1)*T .andover includes t.e follo4in- t4o p.asesF t.e out-oin- %S
inter1)*T .andover preparation at t.e lu interface and t.e out-oin- inter1)*T .andover
re;uest on t.e Uu interface, T.e out-oin- %S inter1)*T .andover preparation at t.e lu
interface corresponds to t.e messa-e of relocation preparationE and t.e out-oin- inter1
)*T .andover re;uirement on t.e Uu interface corresponds to t.e H*+:O7$) "ROM
UTRA! $OMMA!( messa-e,
T.e out-oin- %S inter1)*T .andover preparation is t.e relocation process 0et4een t.e
)+% and t.e 8S%, *fter t.e )+% receives $vent 6*C6% reported 0y t.e U$E t.e )+%
Aud-es 4.et.er t.e .andover from 6G to 'G is possi0le, If it isE t.e )+% 4ill send t.e
Re)ocation Re7uired messa-e to t.e %+, T.enE t.e %+ 4ill send t.e .andover re;uest
to t.e 8S%, If t.e .andover is allo4edE t.e 8S% 4ill allocate t.e necessary resources
and returns t.e confirmin- messa-e to t.e %+, T.e %+ sends t.e )*+*P messa-e
Re)ocation $ommand to t.e S)+%E and t.e .andover preparation is finis.ed, T.e
relevant counters in t.e out-oin- %S inter1)*T .andover preparation process are
descri0ed in t.e follo4in- ta0le,
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Ta0le 115 )elevant %ounters in t.e Out-oin- %S Inter1)*T Handover Preparation
Process
$ounter (e%cription
+um0er of
attempted relocation
preparation for
out-oin- %S inter1
)*T
.andoversE time
critical relocation
T.e measurement o0Aect of t.e counter is t.e cell, T.e counter
is used to count t.e num0er of t.e inter1)*T %S domain
.andover out-oin- preparation re;uests and t.e re;uest
cause is Time $ritica) Re)ocation, Time critical indicates all
emer-ent cases <suc. asE transmission resources are 0loc5ed
at Iu0 interface=, If t.e relocation is not performed immediatelyE
t.e call may drop,
+um0er of
attempted relocation
preparation for
out-oin- %S inter1
)*T
.andoversE
resource
optimization
relocation
T.e measurement o0Aect of t.e counter is t.e cell, T.e counter
is used to count t.e num0er of t.e inter1)*T %S domain
.andover out-oin- preparation re;uests and t.e re;uest
cause is Re%ource Optimization Re)ocation, )esource
optimization indicates t.at t.e S)+% re1confi-ures all types of
t.e radio transmission resources accordin- to t.e ma?imum
utilization rateE suc. asE code resources, T.usE t.e U$ is
.anded over into different system,
+um0er of
attempted relocation
preparation for
out-oin- %S inter1
)*T
.andoversE
relocation desira0le
for radio reasons
T.e measurement o0Aect of t.e counter is t.e cell, T.e counter
is used to count t.e num0er of t.e inter1)*T %S domain
.andover out-oin- preparation re;uests and t.e re;uest
cause is Re)ocation (e%ira*)e for Radio Rea%on%, T.e U$
is .anded over into different system 0ecause t.e ;uality of t.e
radio lin5 is not -ood at t.e )+% side 0ut -ood in anot.er
system,
*t t.is time t.e reason of t.e accompanied relocation is t.e
radio ;uality,
+um0er of
attempted relocation
preparation for
out-oin- %S inter1
)*T
.andoversE directed
retry
T.e measurement o0Aect of t.e counter is t.e cell, T.e counter
is used to count t.e num0er of t.e inter1)*T %S domain
.andover out-oin- preparation re;uests and t.e re;uest
cause is (irected Retr&,
T.e inter1)*T .andover occurs 0ecause t.e voice service
esta0lis.ment fails due to t.e resource con-estion at t.e
S)+% side,
+um0er of
attempted relocation
preparation for
out-oin- %S inter1
)*T
.andoversE reduce
load in servin- cell
T.e measurement o0Aect of t.e counter is t.e cell, T.e counter
is used to count t.e num0er of t.e inter1)*T %S domain
.andover out-oin- preparation re;uests and t.e re;uest
cause is Reduce Load in Servin/ $e)). T.e inter1)*T
.andover occurs 0ecause t.e load at t.e S)+% side is too
.i-.,
+um0er of
attempted relocation
preparation for
out-oin- %S inter1
)*T
.andoversE access
restricted due to
s.ared
net4or5s
T.e measurement o0Aect of t.e counter is t.e cell, T.e counter
is used to count t.e num0er of t.e inter1)*T %S domain
.andover out-oin- preparation re;uests and t.e re;uest
cause is Acce%% Re%tricted (ue to S+ared !et,or1%,
T.e inter1)*T .andover occurs 0ecause t.e cell in t.e s.arin-
net4or5 does not aut.orize t.e U$,
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$ounter (e%cription
+um0er of
attempted relocation
preparation for
out-oin- %S inter1
)*T
.andoversE ot.er
causes
T.e measurement o0Aect of t.e counter is t.e cell, T.e counter
is used to count t.e num0er of t.e inter1)*T %S domain
.andover out-oin- preparation re;uests and t.e re;uest
cause is not listed a0ove,
T.is counter 4ill count t.e num0er of preparation re;uests
4.en t.e inter1)*T .andover occurs due to t.e cause not
listed a0ove,
+um0er of failed
relocation
preparation for
out-oin- %S inter1
)*T
.andoversE
T)$9O%alloc e?piry
T.e measurement o0Aect of t.e counter is t.e cell, T.e counter
is used to count t.e num0er of t.e inter1)*T %S domain
.andover out-oin- preparation failures and t.e failure cause is
Tre)ocprep E;pir&,
2.en t.e S)+% sends t.e RELO$ATO! RE2URE(
messa-e to t.e %+E t.e )+% 0e-ins to set t.e relocation
preparation timer after receivin- t.e RELO$ATO!
$OMMA!( messa-e from t.e %+E t.e )+% stops t.e
relocation preparation timer, If t.e )+% fails to receive t.e
response from t.e %+ after t.e relocation preparation timer
timeoutE t.e S)+% cancels t.e relocation flo4,
+um0er of failed
relocation
preparation for
out-oin- %S inter1
)*T
.andoversE
relocation failure in
tar-et %+C)+%
or tar-et system
T.e measurement o0Aect of t.e counter is t.e cell, T.e counter
is used to count t.e num0er of t.e inter1)*T %S domain
.andover out-oin- preparation failures and t.e failure cause is
Re)ocation "ai)ure n Tar/et $!8R!$ Or Tar/et S&%tem,
*fter t.e S)+% sends t.e RELO$ATO! RE2URE(
messa-e to t.e %+ and if t.e relocation fails due to t.e
operation error at t.e %+ or 'G sideE t.e %+ sends t.e
RELO$ATO! PREPARATO! "ALURE messa-e 4it. t.is
cause value,
+um0er of failed
relocation
preparation for
out-oin- %S inter1
)*T
.andoversE
relocation not
supported in tar-et
)+% or tar-et
system
T.e measurement o0Aect of t.e counter is t.e cell, T.e counter
is used to count t.e num0er of t.e inter1)*T %S domain
.andover out-oin- preparation failures and t.e failure cause is
Re)ocation !ot Supported n Tar/et R!$ Or Tar/et
S&%tem,
*fter t.e S)+% sends t.e RELO$ATO! RE2URE(
messa-e to t.e %+ and if t.e incomin- relocation is not
supported at t.e 'G sideE t.e %+ sends t.e RELO$ATO!
PREPARATO! "ALURE messa-e 4it. t.is cause value,
+um0er of failed
relocation
preparation for
out-oin- %S inter1
)*T
.andoversE
relocation tar-et not
allo4ed
T.e measurement o0Aect of t.e counter is t.e cell, T.e counter
is used to count t.e num0er of t.e inter1)*T %S domain
.andover out-oin- preparation failures and t.e failure cause is
Re)ocation Tar/et not a))o,ed.
*fter t.e S)+% sends t.e RELO$ATO! RE2URE(
messa-e to t.e %+ and if t.e :)+% does not aut.orize t.e
U$ to access t.e tar-et cell at t.e 'G side E t.e %+ sends t.e
RELO$ATO! PREPARATO! "ALURE messa-e to t.e
S)+% 4it. t.is cause value,
+um0er of failed
relocation
preparation for
out-oin- %S inter1
)*T
T.e measurement o0Aect of t.e counter is t.e cell, T.e counter
is used to count t.e num0er of t.e inter1)*T %S domain
.andover out-oin- preparation failures and t.e failure cause is
!o Radio Re%ource% Avai)a*)e in Tar/et $e)),
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$ounter (e%cription
.andoversE no radio
resources availa0le
in
tar-et cell
*fter t.e S)+% sends t.e RELO$ATO! RE2URE(
messa-e to t.e %+ and if t.e :)+% cannot allocate t.e radio
resources due to .i-. loadE t.e %+ sends t.e RELO$ATO!
PREPARATO! "ALURE messa-e to t.e S)+% 4it. t.is
cause value,
+um0er of failed
relocation
preparation for
out-oin- %S inter1
)*T
.andoversE traffic
load in t.e tar-et
cell .i-.er
t.an in t.e source
cell
T.e measurement o0Aect of t.e counter is t.e cell, T.e counter
is used to count t.e num0er of t.e inter1)*T %S domain
.andover out-oin- preparation failures and t.e failure cause is
Traffic Load n T+e Tar/et $e)) Hi/+er T+an n T+e Source
$e)),
*fter t.e S)+% sends t.e RELO$ATO! RE2URE(
messa-e to t.e %+ and if t.e load in t.e tar-et cell is .i-.er
t.an t.at in t.e source cellE t.e 'G side reAects t.e relocation
re;uest and t.e %+ sends t.e RELO$ATO! PREPARATO!
"ALURE messa-e to t.e S)+% 4it. t.is cause value,
+um0er of failed
relocation
preparation for
out-oin- %S inter1
)*T
.andoversE
un5no4n tar-et
)+%
T.e measurement o0Aect of t.e counter is t.e cell, T.e counter
is used to count t.e num0er of t.e inter1)*T %S domain
.andover out-oin- preparation failures and t.e failure cause is
Un1no,n tar/et R!$,
*fter t.e S)+% sends t.e RELO$ATO! RE2URE(
messa-e to t.e %+ and if t.e %+ .as no idea a0out t.e 'G
8S% and does not 5no4 .o4 to accessE t.e %+ sends t.e
RELO$ATO! PREPARATO! "ALURE messa-e 4it. t.is
cause value,
+um0er of failed
relocation
preparation for
out-oin- %S inter1
)*T
.andoversE ot.er
causes
T.e measurement o0Aect of t.e counter is t.e cell, T.e counter
is used to count t.e num0er of t.e inter1)*T %S domain
.andover out-oin- preparation failures and t.e failure cause is
not listed a0ove,
*fter t.e S)+% sends t.e RELO$ATO! RE2URE(
messa-e to t.e %+ and if t.e cause is not listed a0oveE t.e %+
sends t.e RELO$ATO! PREPARATO! "ALURE messa-e
to t.e )+% 4it. t.is cause value,
+um0er of failed
relocation
preparation for
out-oin- %S inter1
)*T
.andoversE no reply
T.e measurement o0Aect of t.e counter is t.e cell, T.e counter
is used to count t.e num0er of t.e inter1)*T %S domain
.andover out-oin- preparation failures and t.e failure cause is
no rep)&,
*fter t.e S)+% sends t.e RELO$ATO! RE2URE(
messa-e to t.e %+E t.e %+ does not response and t.e
relocation preparation timeout .appens,
*fter t.e .andover preparation is completedE t.e )+% sends t.e Handover form Utran
command to t.e U$ to start t.e .andover process on t.e Uu interface, If t.e U$
responses 4it. t.e Handover form Utran "ai)ed messa-e or t.e )+% does not receive
any response from t.e U$E t.e .andover on t.e Uu interface fails, T.e main reasons for
t.e .andover on t.e Uu interface are descri0ed as follo4sF
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Ta0le 11> )elevant %ounters :urin- t.e Out-oin- %S Inter1)*T Handover on t.e Uu
Interface
"ai)ure $our%e $our%e for Active Set Update "ai)ure
%onfi-uration
unaccepta0le
If t.e .ard .andover of t.e U$ to t.e 'G cell is decided to 0e
madeE t.e )+% 4ill send t.e HA!(O'ER "ROM UTRA!
$OMMA!( messa-e to t.e U$E and t.e messa-e includes
multiple 5inds of parameters, If t.e U$ does not support t.e
confi-ured parametersE for e?ampleE t.e U$ does not support
t.e inter1)*T .andover in t.e PS domainE t.e U$ 4ill return
t.e failure messa-e to t.e )+%E and t.e reason is
$onfi/uration unaccepta*)e,
P.ysical c.annel
failure
If t.e .ard .andover of t.e U$ to t.e 'G cell is decided to 0e
madeE t.e )+% 4ill send t.e HA!(O'ER "ROM UTRA!
$OMMA!( messa-e to t.e U$, *fter receivin- t.e messa-eE
t.e U$ 4ill try to esta0lis. connection 4it. t.e tar-et system, If
t.e connection failsE t.e U$ 4ill reply to t.e )+% 4it. t.e
failure messa-eE and t.e reason is p+&%ica) c+anne) fai)ureE
and t.e U$ returns to t.e status 0efore receivin- t.e messa-e,
Protocol error
If t.e .ard .andover of t.e U$ to t.e 'G cell is decided to 0e
madeE t.e )+% 4ill send t.e HA!(O'ER "ROM UTRA!
$OMMA!( messa-e to t.e U$, If t.e messa-e includes t.e
parameter not conformin- to t.e protocolE t.e U$ 4ill reply to
t.e )+% 4it. t.e failure messa-eE and t.e reason is protoco)
error,
Inter1)*T protocol
error
If t.e .ard .andover of t.e U$ to t.e 'G cell is decided to 0e
madeE t.e )+% 4ill send t.e HA!(O'ER "ROM UTRA!
$OMMA!( messa-e to t.e U$, If cell OInter1)*T messa-eO in
t.is messa-e includes t.e parameter not conformin- to t.e
protocolE,t.e U$ 4ill reply to t.e )+% 4it. t.e failure messa-eE
and t.e reason is nter4RAT protoco) error.
Unspecified
If t.e .ard .andover of t.e U$ to t.e 'G cell is decided to 0e
madeE t.e )+% 4ill send t.e HA!(O'ER "ROM UTRA!
$OMMA!( messa-e to t.e U$, If t.e .andover failsE and t.e
reason is not listed in t.e a0ove contentE t.e U$ sends t.e
messa-e a0out t.e failure 4it. t.e unspecified reason,
Timer timeout
T.e measurement o0Aect of t.e counter is t.e cell, T.e counter
is used to count t.e num0er of t.e inter1)*T %S domain
.andover out-oin- failures and t.e failure cause is nter4RAT
+andover timeout, If t.ere are several cells in t.e active setE
t.e measurement o0Aect is t.e 0est cell 4it. t.e 0est $cC+o or
)S%P at t.e S)+% side, If all t.e cells are at t.e :)+% sideE
t.e counter is not counted, If t.e .ard .andover of t.e U$ to
t.e 'G cell is decided to 0e madeE t.e )+% 4ill send t.e
HA!(O'ER "ROM UTRA! $OMMA!( messa-e to t.e U$E
start t.e timerE and 4ait for t.e U RELEASE $OMMA!(
messa-e sent 0y t.e %+, If t.e HA!(O'ER "ROM UTRA!
$OMMA!( messa-e or t.e response messa-e is lost durin-
t.e transmissionE t.e timer at t.e )+% side 4ill e?pire, *nd t.e
)+% cannot receive t.e U RELEASE $OMMA!( messa-e
sent 0y t.e %+E or t.e response a0out t.e failure from t.e U$,
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1.5.: Ana)&%i% of t+e Rea%on for t+e Out/oin/ PS nter4RAT Handover
"ai)ure
T.e out-oin- PS inter1)*T .andover does not .ave t.e preparation p.ase, T.e
out-oin- PS .andover at t.e net4or5 side is for t.e U$ in t.e %$99M:%H and
%$99M/*%H statusE and it involves out-oin- PS .andover process on t.e Uu interface
and t.e conte?t information ac;uisition and transmission process at t.e lu interface,
Out-oin- PS .andover on t.e Uu interface corresponds to t.e $ELL $HA!GE OR(ER
"ROM UTRA! messa-eE and t.e U$ starts t.e routin- area update flo4 to t.e 'G
net4or5 after it receives t.e $ELL $HA!GE OR(ER "ROM UTRA! messa-e, T.en
t.e SGS+ launc.es t.e conte?t information ac;uisition and data transmission t.rou-.
t.e lu interface, %onte?t Information ac;uisition at t.e lu interface corresponds to t.e
SR!S $O!TE<T RE2UEST8 SR!$ $O!TE<T RESPO!SE messa-eE and t.e data
transmission process corresponds to t.e SR!S (ATA "OR=AR( $OMMA!(
messa-e,
T.e follo4in- conditions indicate t.e out-oin- PS inter1)*T .andover failure,
1, T.e )+% receives t.e UE $ELL $HA!GE OR(ER "ROM UTRA! "AL messa-e,
', If t.e out-oin- inter1)*T .andover is successfulE t.e cause value of t.e u Re)ea%e
$ommand messa-e may 0e Succe%%fu) Re)ocation or !orma) Re)ea%e, 2.en
t.e )+% receives t.e )u connection re)ea%e command me%%a/e 4it. cause
value Succe%%fu) Re)ocation or !orma) Re)ea%eE t.e out-oin- inter1)*T
.andover is successful,
6, T.e inter1)*T .andover times out, If t.e U$ 4ill 0e .anded over to t.e 'G cellE t.e
)+% 4ill send t.e $ELL $HA!GE OR(ER "ROM UTRA! messa-e to t.e U$E
start t.e timerE and 4ait for t.e SR!S $O!TE<T RE2UEST messa-e sent 0y t.e
%+, If t.e $ELL $HA!GE OR(ER "ROM UTRA! messa-e or t.e response
messa-e is lost in t.e transmission processE t.e )+%Is 4aitin- 4ill time outE and
t.en t.e )+% cannot receive t.e SR!S $O!TE<T RE2UEST messa-e delivered
0y t.e %+E or t.e failure response from t.e U$,
Ta0le 11" )easons for t.e Out-oin- PS Inter1)*T Handover /ailure
"ai)ure cour%e $au%e for Active Set Update "ai)ure
%onfi-uration
unaccepta0le
If t.e .ard .andover of t.e U$ to t.e 'G cell is decided to 0e
madeE t.e )+% 4ill send t.e $ELL $HA!GE OR(ER "ROM
UTRA! messa-e to t.e U$, T.e messa-e includes multiple
5inds of parameters, If t.e U$ does not support t.e
confi-uration parameterE t.e U$ 4ill reply to t.e )+% 4it. t.e
failure messa-eE and t.e reason is confi/uration
unaccepta*)e.
T.is failure is very common in ot.er countriesE and it 0rin-s t.e
inter1)*T .andover failure for most U$sE e?cept some U$s
4it. e?cellent compati0ility, T.e main reason is t.at t.e 'G
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"ai)ure cour%e $au%e for Active Set Update "ai)ure
e;uipment does not support S*I cellE and t.e encryption
settin- information is not complete, T.e solution is updatin-
t.e 8S% e;uipment or usin- #T$Ps %+ adaptor,
P.ysical c.annel
failure
T.is is t.e most ordinary failure 0y no4, T.is failure indicates
t.e T61'( timer timeout and t.e 'G )*%H c.annel cannot 0e
accessed, T.e reasons are listed as follo4sF
1, Incorrect nei-.0ourin- cell confi-uration,
', 8ecause of t.e serious uplin5 interference of t.e GSM
net4or5E t.e U$ cannot 0e sync.ronized to t.e GSM c.annel,
T.e solution is c.ec5in- t.e 'G cells .andover success rate
and deletin- t.e 'G nei-.0orin- cells 4it. poor indicators,
6, T.e GSM si-nal of t.e .andover area is very unsta0le, *fter
t.e U$ reports t.e $vent 6*E t.e GSM si-nal 0ecome 4ea5er
immediately,
(, T.e .andover tar-et refuses t.e service mar5etin- strate-y
of t.e operatorE and parts of t.e users are not allo4ed to
re-ister in t.e 'G net4or5,
5, T.e U$ is a0normal,
Protocol error
If t.e .andover of t.e U$ to t.e 'G cell is decided to 0e madeE
t.e )+% 4ill send t.e $ELL $HA!GE OR(ER "ROM
UTRA! messa-e to t.e U$, If t.e messa-e includes t.e
parameters not conformin- to t.e protocol <-rammar mista5e=E
t.e U$ 4ill send t.e failure messa-e to t.e )+%E and t.e
failure reason is protoco) error,
Unspecified
2.en t.e .andover of t.e U$ to t.e 'G cell is decided to 0e
madeE t.e )+% 4ill send t.e $ELL $HA!GE OR(ER "ROM
UTRA! messa-e to t.e U$, If t.e .andover failsE and t.e
failure reason is not listed a0oveE T.e content of t.e failure
messa-e returned 0y t.e U$ is unspecified,
+o response
2.en t.e .andover of t.e U$ to t.e 'G cell is decided to 0e
madeE t.e )+% 4ill send t.e $ELL $HA!GE OR(ER "ROM
UTRA! messa-e to t.e U$E and start t.e timer to 4ait t.e
SR!S $O!TE<T RE2UEST messa-e sent 0y t.e %+, If t.e
$ELL $HA!GE OR(ER "ROM UTRA! messa-e or t.e
response messa-e is lost durin- t.e transmissionE t.e 4aitin-
at t.e )+% side 4ill 0e timeoutE and t.e )+% 4ill receive
neit.er t.e SR!S $O!TE<T RE2UEST messa-e from t.e
%+ nor t.e failure response from t.e U$,
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5 $a%e% of Handover Performance
Optimization
5.1 $a%e% of ntra4RAT Handover Optimization
5.1.1 Handover "ai)ure and $a)) (rop $au%ed *& $orner Effect
Pro0lem :escription
*ccordin- to t.e %QT testE t.e en-ineer finds t.e call drop 4.en t.e elevator is opened
or closed at some indoor distri0uted sites,
*nalysis
T.e main reasons include t.at t.e nei-.0orin- cell relation 0et4een t.e cells inside and
outside of t.e elevator is improperly setE and t.e .andover is not processed in time, *fter
t.e repeated continuous callin- test in t.e elevator 4.ere t.e call drop .appensE t.e
en-ineer finds t.at t.e call drop .appens at t.e moment of t.e elevator 0ein- closed,
*nd t.e test s.o4s t.at t.e nei-.0orin- cell relation 0et4een t.e cell inside and outside
t.e elevator is properly setE so t.e reason of t.e call drop may 0e t.e fact t.at t.e
.andover is not processed in time,
T.e follo4in- fi-ure s.o4s t.e si-nalin- outside of t.e elevatorE 4.ic. is mainly covered
0y t.e cell 4it. PS% 6",
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/i-ure '11" Si-nalin- out of t.e elevator 0efore optimization
T.e si-nalin- of t.e scram0lin- 6> cell 0ecomes stron-er at t.e moment t.e U$ enters
t.e elevator and its door is 0ein- closedE as s.o4n in t.e follo4in- fi-ure,
/i-ure '11 Si-nalin- in t.e elevator 0efore optimization
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*ccordin- to t.e test si-nalin-E t.is 5ind of call drop is t.e typical corner effect, *s s.o4n
in t.e follo4in- fi-ureE at t.e moment of t.e elevator 0ein- closedE t.e si-nalin- ;uality
of t.e scram0lin- 6" cell 0ecomes poorE t.e scram0lin- 6" cell leaves t.e active setE
0ut t.e scram0lin- 6> cell is not included t.e active set in timeE 4.ic. causes t.e call
drop,
/i-ure '11@ *nalysis of t.e call drop caused 0y corner effect
Optimization Plan
8ecause t.e area around t.e elevator is covered 0y t.e indoor distri0uted sitesE it is
difficult to reconstruct t.e indoor antenna and feeder system, So t.e optimization can 0e
done 0y modifyin- t.e parameters, T.e -eneral optimization plan is t.at t.e PS%6> cell
s.ould report $vent 1* as soon as possi0le to enter t.e active set, In order to ma5e t.e
cell .andover finis.ed 0efore t.e elevator is closedE and t.e offset of t.e cell in t.e
elevator s.ould 0e increased from ! d8 to ( d8,
Optimization )esult
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/i-ure '1'! Si-nalin- out of t.e elevator after t.e optimization
/i-ure '1'1 Si-nalin- at t.e moment of t.e elevator 0ein- closed after optimization
*fter t.e adAustmentE Aud-in- from t.e si-nalin-E t.e en-ineer can vie4 t.at t.e
scram0lin- 6> cell .as 0ein- included in t.e active set and 0ecome t.e main service
cell 0efore t.e elevator is closed, *fter t.e elevator is closedE t.e scram0lin- 6" cell
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leaves t.e active set 0ecause t.e si-nal ;uality 0ecomes poorE .o4everE t.e scram0lin-
6> is still t.e main service cell,
In t.e area 4.ere t.e si-nals c.an-es dramatically suc. as t.e elevator and t.e cornerE
call drop al4ays .appens 0ecause t.e .andover is not processed in time, If t.e pro0lem
cannot 0e solved 0y adAustin- t.e antenna and feeder systemE t.e en-ineer can adAust
t.e cell offset to ac.ieve t.e optimization, 8ased on t.e recent optimization e?perience
of sever indoor distri0uted sitesE t.e en-ineer realizes t.at it is proper to c.an-e t.e cell
offset to ( d8 or 5 d8 to solve t.e pro0lem t.at t.e .andover in t.e elevator is not
processed in time,
5.1.5 Handover "ai)ure and $a)) (rop $au%ed *& Pinpoint Effect
Pro0lem :escription
In moment 1E t.e cell p.one moves alon- t.e route s.o4n 0y t.e red arro4E and t.e
.andover failure and call drop of t.e voice service .appen, T.e t4o related cells are
8L%!!((U <PS%(= and 8L%OO"(U <PS%56=, *t t.e 0e-innin-E t.e cell is in t.e macro
diversity statusE t.e main servin- cell is t.e t.ird cell <PS%56= of site 8L%!!"(UE and t.e
pilot ;uality $cCIo is 1@,6 d8,
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/i-ure '1'' Handover and call drop caused 0y Pinpoint effect <T.e main service cell is
PS%56 in moment 1=
In moment 'E t.e main servin- cell of t.e U$ is c.an-ed to 0e t.e t.ird cell <PS%(= of
8L%!!((UE and t.e pilot ;uality $cCIo is 11!,61 d8, T.e t.ird cell <PS%56= of 8L%!!"(U
leaves t.e active set and appears in t.e monitorin- set,
/i-ure '1'6 Handover and call drop caused 0y Pinpoint effect <PS%56 cell leaves t.e
active set in moment '=
In moment 6E after one secondE t.e si-nal ;uality of t.e t.ird cell <PS%56= of 8L%!!"(U
is stron-er t.an t.at of t.e t.ird cell <PS%(= of 8L%!!((UE and t.e $cCIo is 1',6@ d8,
*nd t.e t.ird cell <PS%56= of 8L%!!"(U reports $vent 1* and tries to enter t.e active
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set a-ain, Ho4everE as t.e main servin- cellE t.e t.ird cell <PS%(= of 8L%!!((U .as
poor pilot ;ualityE and t.e $cCIo is 1'1,!5 d8, *s s.o4n in t.e follo4in- fi-ureE after t.e
U$ reports $vent 1*E t.e do4nlin5 cannot receive t.e .andover commandE and finally
t.e call drop .appens,
/i-ure '1'( Handover and call drop caused 0y Pinpoint effect <%all drop .appens
0ecause t.e PS%56 cell cannot Aoin in t.e active set in moment 6=
*nalysis
T.is is t.e typical call drop caused 0y t.e Pinpoint effect, T.e si-nal of PS%( cell
0ecomes stron-er suddenlyE 4.ic. ma5es t.e $cCIo 0ecome poorer of t.e ori-inal
PS%56 cellE and t.e PS%56 cell reports $vent 18 and leaves t.e active set, T.enE t.e
si-nal of t.e PS%( 0ecomes 4ea5er suddenlyE and t.e call drop .appens 0ecause t.e
PS%56 do not .ave enou-. time to enter t.e active set, 8ecause t.e si-nal of PS%56
cell 0ecomes 4ea5er in a s.ort timeE t.e -eneral plan to solve t.is pro0lem is to ma5e it
.ard for PS%56 cell to tri--er $vent 18 and leave t.e active set,
/i-ure '1'5 Handover and call drop caused 0y tip effect
Optimization Plan
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In order to prevent t.e situation t.at t.e call drop .appens 0ecause it is difficult for t.e
t.ird cell <PS%56= of 8L%!!"(U to enter t.e active set a-ain after it leaves t.e active
setE t.e %ellIndivOffset <utran%ell= of t.e t.ird cell <PS%56= of 8L%!!"(U in t.e active
set s.ould 0e modified from ! to 6 d8E so t.e cell 4ill remain in t.e active set,
Optimization )esult
*fter modifyin- t.e parameterE t.e en-ineer finds t.at t.e call drop point disappears in
t.e test, In t.e call .old statusE t.e U$ still moves alon- t.e arro4Is directionE and t.e
main service cell is t.e t.ird cell <PS%56= of 8L%!!"(U,
/i-ure '1'> Main service cell PS%56
9aterE t.e si-nal ;uality of t.e t.ird cell <PS%56= of 8L%!!"(U 0ecomes poorE and t.e
$cCIo is 116,'6E 4ea5er t.an t.at of t.e t.ird cell <PS%(= of 8L%!!((U, *lt.ou-. t.e
main service cell c.an-esE t.e PS%56 cell still stays in t.e active setE as s.o4n in t.e
follo4in- cell,
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/i-ure '1'" Main service cell c.an-ed to 0e PS%(
/inallyE PS%56 cell is t.e main service cell a-ainE as s.o4n in t.e follo4in- cellE and t.e
call drop disappears,
/i-ure '1' Main service cell c.an-ed to 0e PS%56
5.1.6 Handover "ai)ure and $a)) (rop $au%ed *& n%ufficient PS$ Reu%e
(i%tance
Pro0lem :escription
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In t.e 4.ole1net4or5 optimization process near t.e 8aiS.iBi in 3iu9on-Po district of
%.on-Qin-E call drop .appens in every test on t.e road near Bi Buan )estaurant, T.e
specific locations are s.o4n in t.e follo4in- fi-ure,
/i-ure '1'@ %all drop near Bi Buan )estaurant
*nalysis
/irstE c.ec5 t.e si-nal covera-e in t.e area 4.ere t.e call drop .appensE and t.e
en-ineer finds t.at t.e si-nal covera-e stren-t. and t.e si-nal ;uality are -ood in t.is
area accordin- to t.e drive test, T.e si-nal stren-t. is around 1"5 d8mE and t.e si-nal
;uality is a0out 1> d8, 2it. t.is 5ind of si-nal covera-eE it is impossi0le t.at t.e call drop
is caused 0y t.e 4ea5 covera-e or t.e poor si-nal ;uality or pilot pollution in t.e radio
environment,
T.e +ode8 distri0ution and t.e scram0lin- allocation near Bi Buan )estaurant are
s.o4n in t.e follo4in- fi-ure,
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/i-ure '16! :istri0ution dia-ram of t.e +ode8 and scram0lin- near Bi Buan )estaurant
/rom t.e a0ove fi-ureE t.e en-ineer finds t.at t.e scram0lin- at Bi Buan )estaurant is
t.e same 4it. t.ose of t.e +ode8s at 8ei:iBiBuan and #ouMaTaoHua9in <PS%"@=E and
t.e distance 0et4een t4o sites is less t.an 5 5ilometers, T.enE t.e si-nal planned to 0e
sent to Bi Buan )estaurant may 0e sent to 8ei:iBiBuan or #ouMaTaoHualinE and t.e
si-nal interaction is unsuccessfulE 4.ic. causes t.e call drop,
T.e follo4in- fi-ure s.o4s t.e si-nalin- at t.e moment t.at t.e PS%"@ cell enters t.e
active set 0efore t.e call drop in U$ lo-,
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/i-ure '161 Si-nalin- of PS%"@ enterin- t.e active set in U$ lo-
T.e messa-e aut.entification code R!!1!1!1! 11!11111 11!1!!!! 11!11!118S is
converted to .e?adecimal S!?'*:/:!:8SE and t.e correspondin- )+% si-nalin- is
s.o4n in t.e follo4in- fi-ureF
/i-ure '16' %orrespondin- )+% si-nalin-
/rom t.e internal si-nalin- after t.e completion of active set up-radeE t.e ne4 active set
list can 0e c.ec5edE and t.e '
nd
cell of Bi Buan )estaurant and t.e '
nd
cell of
#ouMaTaoHua9in use t.e same scram0lin- PS%"@,
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/i-ure '166 *ctive set list
T.en t.e U$ reports $vent 18 to activate PS%"" and PS%",
/i-ure '16( )eported $vent 18
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T.e call drop .appens 0efore t.e U$ deletes PS%" from t.e active set, T.enE t.e U$
sends t.e ce)) update messa-eE and t.e reason is radio)in1 fai)ure,
/i-ure '165 %all drop caused 0y out of sync of t.e )adio 9in5
%.ec5 t.e recent t4o measure reports 0efore t.e call dropE t.e si-nal ;uality of PS%"@
is -ood,
modeSpecificInfo fdd F
T
primary%PI%H1Info
T
primaryScram0lin-%ode "@
UE
cpic.1$c1+! (!E
cpic.1)S%P '
U
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modeSpecificInfo fdd F
T
primary%PI%H1Info
T
primaryScram0lin-%ode "@
UE
cpic.1$c1+! (!E
cpic.1)S%P 66
U
T.e reason of radio lin5 failure is analyzed as follo4sF T.e U$ reports $vent 1* after
measurin- cell'>@16 <PS%"@=E 0ut t.e )+% esta0lis.es one )9 in cell'("'' <PS%"@=
accordin- to t.e nei-.0orin- cell relations.ip, T.e U$ measures t.e /rameOffset of
cell'>@16E 0ut uses t.e /rameOffset in cell'("''E 4.ic. causes t.e out of sync of t.e
)9 node,
Optimization Plan
/rom t.e /i-ure ' 16!E t.e en-ineer can vie4 t.at t.ere is scram0lin- reuse in t.e area
4.ere t.e call drop .appens, T.rou-. t.e su0se;uent si-nalin- analysisE t.e en-ineer
5no4s t.at t.e scram0lin- reuse causes t.e call drop, T.e solution of t.is pro0lem is
reasona0le plannin- of t.e scram0lin- allocation in t.is area, In order to verify t.e
pro0lemE t.e cells at #ouMaTaoHua9in and 8ei:iBiBuan usin- t.e same scram0lin-
s.ould 0e disa0led, *nd t.enE t.e relative si-nalin- s.ould 0e adAusted as s.o4n in t.e
follo4in- fi-ure,
/i-ure '16> Screens.ot of Si-nalin- near BiBuan )estaurant after adAustment
*fter disa0lin- t.e antennas in t.e cells at #ouMaTaoHua9in and 8ei:iBiBuanE t.e
en-ineer finds t.at t.ere is no call drop near t.e Bi Buan )estaurant t.rou-. t.e
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repeated tests, T.erefore t.e pro0lem is solved after t.e scram0lin-s in t.e cells of t.e
t.ree +ode8s are adAusted,
5.1.: Handover "ai)ure and $a)) (rop $au%ed *& Limited S&%tem
Re%ource%
Pro0lem :escription
T.e 0ac5-round LPI statistical indicators s.o4 t.at t.e successful rate of t.e soft
.andover is relatively lo4 4.en t.e cell is 0usy, *nd t.e drive test at t.e 0usy .ours
indicates t.at t.e U$ does not receive t.e active set update command delivered 0y t.e
)+% after it reports $vent 1*, T.e 0ac5-round si-nalin- )+% .as received t.e
measurin- report of t.e U$E 0ut t.e )+% does not deal 4it. it,
*nalysis
*fter t.e )+% receives $vent 1* reported 0y t.e U$E it ma5es t.e resource decision for
t.e tar-et cell t.rou-. t.e admission control al-orit.m, If t.e resource of t.e tar-et cell is
limitedE t.e )+% 4ill not deliver t.e Radio Lin1 Setup re;uest to t.e +ode8, T.rou-.
t.e analysis of t.e si-nalin- captured at t.e 0ac5-round at t.e 0usy .oursE t.e en-ineer
finds t.at t.e do4nlin5 %$ resources of t.e tar-et +ode8 is limitedE so t.e )+% decision
fails to 0e admitted,
T%rm)lmm%ac)esponse,t%auseStac5,at)nlc/ail%auseV!W,0tInterface%ause D
!F%*%M)$/US$E
T%rm)lmm%ac)esponse,t%auseStac5,at)nlc/ail%auseV!W,0tInner%ause D
6@6'65F%*%M/*I9U)$M/O)MHIGHP)IOM89O%LF current cell .as .i-. priority ue to 0e
accessed E
T%rm)lmm%ac)esponse,t%auseStac5,at)nlc/ail%auseV!W,0t/lo4$?ceptionInfo D !F
T%rm)lmm%ac)esponse,t%auseStac5,at)nlc/ail%auseV!W,0t/lo4Status D !F
T%rm)lmm%ac)esponse,t%auseStac5,at)nlc/ail%auseV!W,0t/lo4Status$?t D !F
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T%rm)lmm%ac)esponse,t%auseStac5,at)nlc/ail%auseV!W,0t$?tendInfoType D
!Fe$?tendInfoTypeMSelfE
T%rm)lmm%ac)esponse,t%auseStac5,at)nlc/ail%auseV!W,0t$?tendInfo D
1("(5>F%*%M/*I9U)$M/O)MU9M%$99%$M)$SOU)%$M9IMIT X
$A$>"ALURE>"OR>(L>$ELL$E>RESOUR$E>LMT
T%rm)lmm%ac)esponse,t%auseStac5,at)nlc/ail%auseV!W,d4/ile%ode D !F
T%rm)lmm%ac)esponse,t%auseStac5,at)nlc/ail%auseV!W,d49ine+o D !F
T%rm)lmm%ac)esponse,4QueueTime D !
Optimization Plan and )esult
T.e successful rate of soft .andover is increased to @@,5Y or .i-.er after t.e 8P%
0oard is added,
5.5 nter4RAT Handover $a%e%
5.5.1 Handover "ai)ure $au%ed *& mproper ntra4RAT Handover
Parameter $onfi/uration
One -oin- to Tsuen 2an from 3inS.an- )oad passes Tai 9am Mountain, T.ere are t4o
tunnels in Tai 9am MountainE one for Tsin- 9on- Hi-.4ay and t.e ot.er for 2est )ail,
T.ere is no 6G covera-e in t.ese t4o tunnels, T.enE it is necessary to confi-ure GSM
nei-.0orin- cells for t.e 6G sites to cover t.e e?its of t.e tunnels, T.e site coverin- t.e
nort.ern e?it of t.e Tai 9am Tunnel is SUTE and t.e %S call drop rate of t.e relative cells
is 15YZ'!Y,
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/i-ure '16" Site dia-ram of Tai 9am Tunnel
Pro0lem *nalysis and Optimization Plan
In t.is scenarioE t.e user enters t.e 'G covered area from t.e 6G covered area outside
of t.e tunnel at a .i-. speed, T.e -eneral optimization plan is to let t.e userIs .andover
from 6G net4or5 to 'G net4or5 0ecome ;uic5 enou-., :urin- t.e period of middle and
late MayE t.e en-ineer tried t.ree 5inds of ':C'/ parameter confi-uration for t.e SUTE to
ma5e t.e U$ start t.e measure early enou-. 0y adAustin- t.e ': t.res.old,
T.e follo4in- ta0le s.o4s t.e LPI indicators of SUT call drop recorded 0y day after t.e
':C'/ parameter is modified, /rom t.is ta0leE t4o parameter confi-uration mista5es
4.ic. cause t.e a0normal call drop LPI <in yello4= can 0e vie4ed, T.e first mista5e is
t.at /1 and /6 do not use t.e same ':C'/ parameter <1>
t.
MayZ1
t.
May=E and t.e
second mista5e is t.at t.e failure of t.e .andover from 6G to 'G caused 0y t.e 4ron-
importin- se;uence of t.e parameter templates <'>
t.
MayZ'"
t.
May=,
/i-ure '16 Indicator c.an-e after t.e ':C'/ parameter modification
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Ta0le '1 Indicator %.an-e *fter t.e ':C'/ Parameter Modification
nd
e;
.e/in
Time
End
Time
Time
Granu)
arit&
$e))
$a))
(rop
Rate
0 $S
!um
*er
Of
$a))
(rop0
$S
!um*er
Of
Succe%%f
u) RA.
E%ta*)i%+
ment0 $S
Remar1
1
'!!@1
!5111
'!!@1
!511'
'(
.ours
1",>
>Y
(>> '6('
/or /1C/6 cells
':C'/ D 1115C1
1!>GHysM'dCHysM
'f D (C(G
TTTM'dCTTTM'f D
>(!msC>(!msG
Inter1)*T
Handover Tactic
D 1 <$vent 6*
tri--er=
6*MUtrancell D
1@5G 6*MOt.er)at
D 1@!G Hys D (G
TTTM6* D 1!! ms
'
'!!@1
!511'
'!!@1
!5116
'(
.ours
1@,"
!Y
>!! '>('
6
'!!@1
!5116
'!!@1
!511(
'(
.ours
1@,(
(Y
5>5 '(>!
(
'!!@1
!511(
'!!@1
!5115
'(
.ours
1@,!
Y
5'" '66@
5
'!!@1
!5115
'!!@1
!511>
'(
.ours
1!,(
!Y
611 '5"
>
'!!@1
!511>
'!!@1
!511"
'(
.ours
5,!
Y
1>' '5(!
/or /1 cells
':C'/ D 1115C1
1!>G
HysM'dCHysM'f D
(C(G
TTTM'dCTTTM'f D
>(!msC>(!msG
Inter1)*T
Handover Tactic
D 1 <$vent 6*
tri--er=
6*MUtrancell D
1@5G 6*MOt.er)at
D 1@!G HysD(G
TTTM6* D 1!! ms
/or /6 cells':C'/
D 1@5C15G
HysM'dCHysM'f D
(C(G
TTTM'dCTTTM'f D
>(!msC>(!msG
Inter1)*T
Handover Tactic
D 1 <$vent 6*
tri--er=
6*MUtrancell D
1@5G 6*MOt.er)at
D 1@!G Hys D (G
TTTM6* D 1!! ms
"
'!!@1
!511"
'!!@1
!511
'(
.ours
",!'
Y
1(' 1'1

'!!@1
!511
'!!@1
!511@
'(
Hours
5,'
Y
16! '1(
@
'!!@1
!511@
'!!@1
!51'!
'(
Hours
',!
Y
56 ''"6
/or /1C/6
cells':C'/ D 1@5C1
5G
HysM'dCHysM'f D
1!
'!!@1
!51'!
'!!@1
!51'1
'(
Hours
',@
Y
>> '!1
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nd
e;
.e/in
Time
End
Time
Time
Granu)
arit&
$e))
$a))
(rop
Rate
0 $S
!um
*er
Of
$a))
(rop0
$S
!um*er
Of
Succe%%f
u) RA.
E%ta*)i%+
ment0 $S
Remar1
(C(G
TTTM'dCTTTM'f D
>(! msC>(! msG
Inter1)*T
Handover Tactic
D 1 <$vent 6*
11
'!!@1
!51'1
'!!@1
!51''
'(
Hours
',!"
Y
51 '1"(
1'
'!!@1
!51''
'!!@1
!51'6
'(
Hours
',>'
Y
>" ''6!
16
'!!@1
!51'6
'!!@1
!51'(
'(
Hours
',11
Y
>" '">
1(
'!!@1
!51'(
'!!@1
!51'5
'(
Hours
',(>
Y
>6 ''@5
15
'!!@1
!51'5
'!!@1
!51'>
'(
Hours
5,>@
Y
1@5 61>5
T.e 4ron-
se;uence of t.e
imported
parameter
template causes
t.e failure of t.e
.andover from
6G to 'G
1>
'!!@1
!51'>
!!@1!51
'"
'(
Hours
,16
Y
61> 6(@@
1"
'!!@1
!51'"
'!!@1
!51'
'(
Hours
1,'5
Y
5! 6(56
/or /1C/6
cells':C'/ D 1@!C1
!G
HysM'dCHysM'f D
(C(G
TTTM'dCTTTM'f D
>(! msC>(! msG
Inter1)*T
Handover Tactic
D '<$vent 6%
tri--er=
6%MOt.er)at D
1@5G Hys D (G
TTTM6% D 1!!
ms
1
!!@1!51
'
'!!@1
!51'@
'(
Hours
!,@1
Y
'" '>('
1@
'!!@1
!51'@
'!!@1
!516!
'(
Hours
1,6@
Y
55 656
'!
'!!@1
!516!
'!!@1
!5161
'(
Hours
1,!6
Y
(' 6>>
'1
'!!@1
!5161
'!!@1
!>1!1
'(
Hours
1,1'
Y
6( '"(6
''
'!!@1
!>1!1
'!!@1
!>1!'
( Hours
1,6
Y
5> 65@1
'6
'!!@1
!>1!'
'!!@1
!>1!6
'(
Hours
1,('
Y
5" 6>6>
/rom t.e c.an-e of t.e LPI of t.e SUT call dropE t.e en-ineer can 5no4F ':C'/D1115C1
1!>E and t.e call drop rate is 1"YZ1@YG ':C'/D1@5C15E and t.e call drop is 'YZ6YG
':C'/D1@!C1!E and t.e call drop is 1YZ1,(Y, T.ereforeE t.e settin- of parameter
':C'/D1@!C1! is suita0le for t.e SUT in t.e scenario of fast .andover from 6G to 'G, If
t.is suit of parameter uses $vent 6* tri--erE t.e correspondin- t.res.old s.ould 0e
adAusted, T.e 6% event tri--er can also 0e used,
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5.5.5 Handover "ai)ure $au%ed *& =ron/ $onfi/uration of ntra4RAT
!ei/+*orin/ ce))%
Pro0lem :escription
On a main road from nort. to sout.E t.e inter1)*T .andover from S%'" <LHTL6= cell
failedE 4.ic. caused t.e call dropE as s.o4n in t.e follo4in- fi-ure,
/i-ure '16@ %all drop caused 0y t.e inter1)*T .andover failure
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*nalysis
T.e 0ac5-round inter1)*T parameter ': and 6* are set to 1@5 d8mE and t.e si-nal
stren-t. )S%P of t.e main service cell S%'" <LHTL6= .as 0een less t.an 11!! d8m,
T.e U$ reports $vent ': for many timesE 0ut never reports $vent 6*E as s.o4n in t.e
follo4in- fi-ure, *t t.e same timeE t.e 0ac5-round si-nalin- tracin- record s.o4s t.at
t.e compressed mode is ena0ledE 0ut t.e .andover cannot 0e started,
Modify t.e compressed mode and t.e .andover t.res.old to 1@! d8m, In t.e follo4in-
testE t.e compressed mode is ena0led normallyE 0ut t.e U$ still does not report $vent
6*E and t.e .andover fails,
Slo4 do4n t.e car speedE and modify t.e time to tri--er of $vent 6* from 1!! ms to !
ms, In t.e follo4in- testE t.e compressed mode is ena0led normallyE 0ut t.e U$ still does
not report $vent 6*E and t.e .andover fails,
%.ec5 t.e nei-.0orin- cell list in t.e measure control command, 2.en t.e U$ is in t.e
UMTS service cellE t.e 8%%H of t.e GSM nei-.0orin- cell in t.e measurin- report is
11'E as s.o4n in t.e /i-ure ' 1(!, 2.en t.e U$ is loc5ed in t.e GSM net4or5E use
%+T to c.ec5 t.e GSM si-nalsE and t.e 8%%H parameter delivered 0y t.e GSM cell is
1'(E as s.o4n in /i-ure ' 1(1, 3ud-in- from t.e a0ove factsE t.e en-ineer can 0e sure
t.at t.e reason of t.e pro0lem is t.at t.e delivered GSM nei-.0orin- cell information is
different from t.e actual GSM nei-.0orin- cell information,
/i-ure '1(! GSM cell information delivered 0y t.e system
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/i-ure '1(1 *ctual GSM cell information <8%%HD1'(=
Optimization Plan
9et t.e 0ac5-round update t.e cell information of all t.e 'G sites in t.e nei-.0orin- cell
list,
)esult
*s s.o4n in t.e measurement resultE t.e U$ reports t.e $vent ': and $vent 6* in timeE
and t.e inter1)*T .andover is normal,
/i-ure '1(' +ormal Inter1)*T .andover after t.e GSM nei-.0orin- cell update
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5.5.6 nter4RAT PS (omain Handover "ai)ure $au%ed *& !o Routin/ .et,een
SGS!%
Pro0lem :escription
In t.e drive testE t.e inter1)*T .andover of t.e PS service is unsuccessful, T.e U$
reports t.e Routin/ Area Update Re7ue%t messa-eE 0ut does not receive t.e Routin/
Area Update Accept messa-e, T.e routin- area update fails,
/i-ure '1(6 8ac5-round si-nalin- 1
*nalysis
/rom t.e 0ac5-round si-nalin- analysisE t.e en-ineer finds t.at t.e )+% delivers t.e
ce))$+an/e"romUtran command after t.e U$ reports $vent 6*E 0ut t.e )+% receives
t.e u>Re)ea%e %ommand from t.e %+ 0efore startin- t.e conte?t information
ac;uisition and data transmission on t.e lu interface, 7ie4in- from t.e Uu interfaceE t.e
U$ sent t.e Routin/ Area Update Re7ue%t messa-eE 0ut it does not receive t.e
Routin/ Area Update Accept messa-e,
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/i-ure '1(( 8ac5-round si-nalin- '
General Plan
1, /irstE t.e Router Update Re7ue%t messa-e is not found at t.e '1SGS+ terminalE
0utE vie4in- from t.e Uu interfaceE t.e en-ineer finds t.at t.e U$ sent t.is
messa-e, *ctuallyE '1SGS+ terminal can only record some simple si-nalin-E 0ut it
cannot trace t.e si-nalin-, T.ereforeE t.is p.enomenon does not necessarily
represent t.at '1SGS+ did not receive t.e messa-e completely,
', Suppose t.at '1SGS+ received t.e Router Update Re7ue%t messa-e in t.e last
stepE and t.en c.ec5 4.et.er t.e ne4 '1SGS+ sent t.e SGS! $onte;t Re7ue%t
messa-e to t.e old 61SGS+E and 4.et.er t.e old 61SGS+ received t.is messa-e,
T.e result s.o4s t.at t.e ne4 '1SGS+ terminal does not .as t.e record of sendin-
t.is messa-eE and t.e reason is t.e same 4it. t.at demonstrated in t.e last stepE
4it. not.in- ne4 in t.is, *t t.e same timeE t.e old 61SGS+ terminal does not .ave
t.e record of receivin- t.is messa-eE 0ut t.is terminal can s.o4 t.e si-nalin- in
detail, T.ereforeE t.is pro0lem locates at t.e transmission of t.e SGS! $onte;t
Re7ue%t messa-e 0et4een '1SGS+ and 61SGS+,
2.at is moreE Aud-in- from t.e reason RMS identity cannot 0e derived 0y t.e
net4or5S of t.e routin- area update failureE t.e en-ineer realizes t.at t.e most
possi0le reason is t.at t.e ne4 '1SGS+ does not -et RSGS+ %onte?tS from t.e old
61SGS+,
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6, T.ree possi0ilities are s.o4n as follo4sF
i, T.e ne4 '1SGS+ did not send t.e SGS! $onte;t Re7ue%t messa-e to t.e
old 61SGS+,
ii, T.e ne4 '1SGS+ sent t.e SGS! $onte;t Re7ue%t messa-e to t.e old 61
SGS+E 0ut t.e old 61SGS+ could not receive t.e messa-e 0ecause t.e
connection 0et4een '1SGS+ and 61SGS+ 4as 0loc5ed,
iii, T.e ne4 '1SGS+ sent t.e SGS! $onte;t Re7ue%t messa-e to t.e old 61
SGS+E and t.e old 61SGS+ received t.is messa-e, 8ut t.e old 61SGS+ could
not read t.is messa-e 0ecause of t.e difference in format 0et4een t.e t4o
systems,
*fter communicatin- 4it. t.e SGS+ vendorE 4e find t.at t.e reason of t.e routin-
area update failure 0elon-s to t.e second 5ind, T.e reason leadin- to t.e situation
is t.at 6G SGS+ and 'G SGS+ .ave not 0een cut over,
(, Provide t.e parameters of routin- area and location area for t.e SGS+ vendorE
and t.e test is successful after t.e cutover,
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