Chemistry with Vernier 19 - 1

Computer
19
Heat of Combustion: Magnesium
In Experiment 18, you learned about the additivity of reaction heats as you confirmed Hesss Law.
In this experiment, you will use this principle as you determine a heat of reaction that would be
difficult to obtain by direct measurementthe heat of combustion of ma!nesium ribbon. "he
reaction is represented by the e#uation
$%& '!$s& ( 1)* +*$!& '!+$s&
"his e#uation can be obtained by combinin! e#uations $1&, $*&, and $,&-
$1& '!+$s& ( * H.l$a#& '!.l*$a#& ( H*+$l&
$*& '! $s& ( * H.l$a#& '!.l*$a#& ( H* $!&
$,& H*$!& ( 1)* +*$!& H*+$l&
"he pre/lab portion of this experiment re#uires you to combine e#uations $1&, $*&, and $,& to
obtain e#uation $%& before you do the experiment. Heats of reaction for e#uations $1& and $*& will
be determined in this experiment. 0s you may already 1now, H for reaction $,& is 2*83.8 14.
OBJECTIVES
In this experiment, you will
.ombine three chemical e#uations to obtain a fourth.
5se prior 1nowled!e about the additivity of reaction heats.
6etermine the heat of combustion of ma!nesium ribbon.
Figure 1
19 - 2 Chemistry with Vernier
Computer 19
MATERIAS
computer Styrofoam cup
LabPro interface 1.00 M HCl
Logger Pro magnesium oxide, MgO
Temperature Probe magnesium ribbon, Mg
ring stand stirring rod
utility clamp balance
100 mL graduated cylinder weighing paper
250 mL beaker
!RE"AB E#ERCISE
In the space provided below, combine e#uations $1&, $*&, and $,& to obtain e#uation $%&.
$1& 77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777
$*& 77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777
$,& 77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777
$%& 77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777
!ROCE$%RE
1. +btain and wear safety !lasses and an apron.
*. .onnect the probe to the computer interface. 8repare the computer for data collection by
openin! the file 91: Heat of .ombustion; from the Chemistry with Vernier folder.
Rea&tion 1
,. 8lace a <tyrofoam cup into a *3= mL bea1er as shown in >i!ure 1. 'easure out 1==.= mL of
1.== ' H.l into the <tyrofoam cup. CAUTION: Handle the HCl solution with care. It can
cause painful burns if it comes in contact with the skin.
%. 5se a utility clamp and a slit stopper to suspend a "emperature 8robe from a rin! stand as
shown in >i!ure 1. Lower the "emperature 8robe into the solution in the <tyrofoam cup.
3. ?ei!h out about 1.== ! of ma!nesium oxide, '!+, on a piece of wei!hin! paper. @ecord the
exact mass used in your data table. CAUTION: Avoid inhaling magnesium oide dust.
A. .lic1

to be!in data collection and obtain the initial temperature, t1. 0fter three or four
readin!s at the same temperature $t1& have been obtained, add the white ma!nesium oxide
powder to the solution. 5se a stirrin! rod to stir the cup contents until a maximum
temperature has been reached and the temperature starts to drop. .lic1

to end data
collection.
B. Examine the initial readin!s in the table to determine the initial temperature, t1. "o determine
the final temperature, t*, clic1 the <tatistics button, . "he maximum temperature is listed in
the statistics box on the !raph. @ecord t1 and t* in your data table.
8. 6iscard the solution as directed by your teacher.
Chemistry with Vernier 19 - 3
Heat of Combustion: Magnesium
Rea&tion '
:. @epeat <teps ,28 usin! about =.3= ! of ma!nesium ribbon rather than ma!nesium oxide
powder. "he ma!nesium ribbon has been pre/cut to the proper len!th by your teacher. Ce sure
to record the measured mass of the ma!nesium. CAUTION: !o not breathe the vapors
produced in the reaction"
!ROCESSI() THE $ATA
1. In the spaces provided, calculate the chan!e in temperature, t, for @eactions 1 and *.
*. .alculate the heat released by each reaction, #, usin! the formula
# D C
p
$mEt
C
p
D %.18 4)!F., and m D 1==.= ! of H.l solution. .onvert Goules to 14 in your final answer.
,. 6etermine H. $H D 2#&
%. 6etermine the moles of '!+ and '! used.
3. 5se your <tep , and <tep % results to calculate H)mol for '!+ and '!.
A. 6etermine H)mol '! for @eaction %. $5se your <tep 3 results, your pre/lab wor1, and
H D 2*83.8 14 for @eaction ,&.
B. 6etermine the percent error for the answer you obtained in <tep A. "he accepted value for this
reaction can be found in a table of standard heats of formation.
19 - 4 Chemistry with Vernier
Computer 19
DATA AND CALCULATIONS
Reaction 1
(MgO)
Reaction 2
(Mg)
1. Volume of 1.00 M HCl
g g
2. Final temperature, t2
C C
3. Initial temperature, t1
C C
4. Change in temperature, t
C C
5. Mass of soli
g g
!. Heat, q
"# "#
$. H
"# "#
%. Moles
mol Mg& mol Mg
'. H(mol
"#(mol "#(mol
10. )etermine H(mol Mg for rea*tion +4,-.
+1, ................................................... ..........
+2, ................................................... ..........
+3, ................................................... ..........
+4,- ................................................... ..........
11. /er*ent error "#(mol
Chemistry with Vernier 19 - 5
Heat of Combustion: Magnesium