STRUCTURAL DESIGN CRITERIA PROPOSED TWENTY STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

Project: TWENTY STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

WITH BASEMENT
Location:
Indang, Cavite
Owner:
Hariet S. Ramos

STRUCTURAL DESIGN CRITERIA

1.0

LOADS
Design loads and forces are those resulting from dead loads, live
loads and environmental loads acting in the most critical
combination, using the appropriate load factors recommended by
the governing codes. Reinforced concrete sections shall be
designed using the Ultimate Strength Design Method. Load factors
are as specified with the National Structural Code of the Philippines.
The basic load types and their corresponding magnitudes are taken
as follows:
1.1

DEAD LOADS
The dead load is the vertical load, which includes the weight
of all permanent construction and all materials, and
equipment, which are permanently fastened thereto and
supported thereby.
Table 1 - DEAD LOAD
Material

Dry Unit Weight

Structural steel

76.97 KN/m3

Reinforced concrete

23.56 KN/m3

Slab per 100mm thick

2.35 KPa

Slab per 150mm thick

3.53 KPa

Floor finish & floor toppings

1.53 KPa

Ceiling & utilities

0.38 KPa

Mech/Elect

0.30 KPa

Exterior wall (200mm thk CHB)

4.36 KPa

Interior wall (150mm thk CHB)

3.3 KPa

STRUCTURAL DESIGN CRITERIA PROPOSED TWENTY STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

Interior partitions (100mm thk

CHB)

3.17 KPa

1.2 LIVE LOADS

The live load includes loads that may vary in magnitude,
and/or distribution during the life of the structure; not
including wind load, earthquake or dead load. The minimum
values of these loads depend on the occupancy of the
structure and are normally specified by the governing codes.
Table 2 shows the live loads used in the design of the
building.
Table 2 - LIVE LOAD
Occupancy/Use

Floor Live Load

Basic Floor Areas

1.90 KPa

Exit Facilities

4.80 KPa

Decks
Mechanical Areas(Chiller,
Genset)
AHU, Water Tank,
Pumprooms
Parking

1.90 KPa
12.0 KPa
7.2 KPa
2.40 KPa

Reduction of Live Loads

The live loads presented above may be reduced for the design of
structural members supporting more than 14 square meters,
except for floors in places with live loads greater than 4.78 KPa in
accordance with the following formula:
R = r (A-15)
The reduction shall not exceed 40 percent for members receiving
load from one level only, 60 percent for other members, nor R, as
determined by the following formula:
R = 23.1(1+D/L)
Where:
R = Reduction in percent

STRUCTURAL DESIGN CRITERIA PROPOSED TWENTY STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

r = Rate of reduction equal to 0.86 percent for floors

A = Area of floor or roof supported by the member in

sq.m.
the members

D = Dead load per square meter of area supported by

L = Unit Live load per square meter of area supported
by the members

For storage live loads exceeding 4.80 KPa no reduction shall be

made except that the design live loads on columns may be reduced
20 percent.

1.3

WIND LOADS
The evaluation of the effects of wind on an object in its path
is complex problem in aerodynamics. When the wind blows
against a structure, it exerts a pressure on the windward side
and suction on the leeward side. Every structure shall be
designed and constructed to resist the wind effects.
Wind load design provisions of the revised code are included
in Chapter 2, Section 207 of the National Structural code of
the Philippines, 5th Edition. This was based on the ASCE Code
Provisions for wind and adapted to Philippines conditions.

Basic Wind Speed, V is a three second gust speed at

ten (10) meters above the ground in Exposure C and

associated with annual probability of two percent (2%) of
being equaled or exceeded (50 year mean recurrence
interval)

Design Force, F is the equivalent static force to be used

in the determination of wind loads for open buildings and
other structures.
Design Pressure, P, is the equivalent static pressure to be
used in the determination of wind loads for building. The
pressure is denoted as:
Pz pressure that varies with height in accordance with the
velocity
pressure qz evaluated at height z

STRUCTURAL DESIGN CRITERIA PROPOSED TWENTY STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

Ph - pressure that is uniform with respect to height as

determined by the
velocity pressure qh evaluated at mean roof height h.
Design Wind Pressure, p (kpa), and Forces, F (kn), refer to
table 207-1
Velocity Pressure , the velocity pressure qz, in kilopascals,
shall be.
calculated from the equation
qz = 47.3x10-6 Kz Kzt V2 Iw
Where the basic wind speed V, in km/hr, is selected in
accordance with the provisions of section 207.5.2, the
importance factor Iw is set forth in Table 207-2, and the
velocity pressure exposure coefficients Kz is given in Table
207-3 in accordance with the provisions of section 207.5.3.
Provisions of section 207.5.5 shall be used to determine Kzt
shall be less than 1.0. The numerical coefficient, 47.3 x 10-6,
shall be used except where sufficient climatic data are
available to justify the selection of the different value of this
factor for a specific design application.
1.4

EARTHQUAKE LOADS
1.4.1 Static Lateral Force Procedure
Seismic forces were determined based on the
equivalent static force procedure and computed
following the provisions of NSCP 2010 Structures or
part of the structure were analyzed to resist minimum
total service forces assumed to act non-concurrently in
the direction of each of the main axes of the structure
in accordance with the following formula:
1.

V = CvIW

2.

V = 2.5 Ca I W
R

(208-4)

3.

V=0.11 Ca I W

RT

(208-5)
(208-6)

STRUCTURAL DESIGN CRITERIA PROPOSED TWENTY STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

4.
Since we are on Seismic zone 4, the total base
shear shall also
not be less than the following:
V=.08 Z Nv I W
R
V=

total

force

or
shear
at
the
base
I= Importance Factor, For Standard

Occupancy Structure = 1.0

Rw = Numerical coefficient representative of ductility
and
overstrength
Nv = Near zone factor used in the determination of Cv
in seismic zone 4 related to both the proximity of the
building or structure to known faults with magnitudes
and slip rates.
W = total seismic dead load
Ca= seismic coefficient, as set forth in Table 208-7,
Ca=.44Na
Na= near source factor used in the determination of
Ca in Seismic
known faults with magnitudes a set forth in Table
208-4 and
208-6, Na =1.0
Cv= seismic coefficient, as set forth in Table 208-8, Cv=
T = elastic fundamental period of vibration in seconds
of structure in the direction under consideration.

Structure Period,
The value of T shall be determined from
one of the following methods
3/4

Where,
resisting

T = Ct hn

Ct = 0.0731 for reinforced concrete moment

frames and eccentrically braced

frames.

STRUCTURAL DESIGN CRITERIA PROPOSED TWENTY STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

The total force shall be distributed over the height of

the building in conformance of the following:
n

Fx = [(V-Ft ) wx hx] / (wi hi)

i =1

where:

Ft = 0.07 TV < 0.25 V

and
n
V = Ft + Fi
i=1

Ft may be considered zero if T is less than or equal to

0.70 sec.

The design storey shear in any storey shall be

distributed to the various elements of the lateral forceresisting system in proportion to their rigidities
assuming that the slab acts the center of mass and
center of rigidity.

1.4.2

SITE GEOLOGY AND SITE CHARACTERISTICS.

On Seismic Zone each site shall be assigned a soil
profile
type
based
on
properly
substantiated
geotechnical data using the site categorization
procedure
Soil Profile Type SA.
Being located in a seismic zone 4, the building shall be
analyzed, designed and detailed to be a ductile
moment resisting space frame; hence, all code
requirements to meet the necessary details as such
shall be followed. The in-fill masonry stud partitions are
assumed to have no stiffening effect on the structure;
hence, detail for separation from the lateral resisting
force shall be made. The same shall be made for other
non-structural elements.

1.5

SOIL BEARING CAPACITY

In geotechnical engineering, bearing capacity is the capacity
of soil to support the loads applied to the ground. The bearing

STRUCTURAL DESIGN CRITERIA PROPOSED TWENTY STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

capacity of soil is the maximum average contact

pressure between the foundation and the soil which should
not produce shear failure in the soil. Ultimate bearing
capacity is the theoretical maximum pressure which can be
supported without failure; allowable bearing capacity is the
ultimate bearing capacity divided by a factor of safety.
Sometimes, on soft soil sites, large settlements may occur
under loaded foundations without actual shear failure
occurring; in such cases, the allowable bearing capacity is
based on the maximum allowable settlement. The soil
bearing capacity of the soil is 300 kPa.
1.6

LOAD COMBINATIONS
Reinforced concrete sections shall be designed using the
Ultimate Strength Design method of National Structural
Code of the Philippines. Where strength design or load and
resistance factor design was used, structures and all portions
thereof shall resist the most critical effects of the following
combinations of factored loads:

U =
(203-1)
U =
NSCP (203-2.1)
U =
NSCP (203-2.2)
U =
(203-3.1)
U =
NSCP
U =
NSCP
U =
NSCP
U =
(203-5)
U =
NSCP
U =
(203-7)

1.4 ( D + F )

NSCP

1.2( D + F+ T ) + 1.6 ( L + H ) + 1.5 ( Lr )

1.2( D + F+ T ) + 1.6 ( L + H ) + 1.5 ( R )
1.2 D + 1.6 Lr + f1 L

NSCP

1.2 D + 1.6
(203-3.2)
1.2 D + 1.6
(203-4.1)
1.2 D + 1.6
(203-4.2)
1.2 D + 1.0

NSCP

R + 0.8 W
W + f1 L + 0.5 Lr
W + f1 L + 0.5 R
E + f1 L

0.9 D + 1.6 W + 1.6 H

(203-6)
0.9 D + 1.0 E + 1.6 H

NSCP

STRUCTURAL DESIGN CRITERIA PROPOSED TWENTY STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

WHERE:
f1 = 1.0 for floors in places of public assembly, for live loads
in excess of
100 psf (4.9 kN/m2), and for garage live load.
= 0.5 for other live loads
For the foundation design, the soil bearing pressure shall be
determined using the load factors equal to 1.0; except for the
dead load and lateral load combinations (with live load equal
to zero) where the dead load factor shall be taken as 0.90.
Further for load combinations involving wind or earthquake,
the allowable soil bearing pressure maybe increased by onethird.
1.7

DEFORMATION LIMITS
Structures or structural members shall be checked such that
the maximum deformation does not exceed the following:
a. Beams and Girders
The part of the total deflection, due to the additional live
load and sustained loads, after attachment of nonstructural
elements shall not exceed 1/480.
b. Building Drift
The displacement of one level to an adjacent level shall not
exceed 0.04/Rw nor 0.005 times the storey height for
structures having a fundamental period less than 0.70
seconds. For structures having a fundamental period of 0.7
seconds or greater, the calculated storey drift shall not
exceed 0.03/Rw or 0.004 times the storey height.
The design lateral forces used to determine storey drifts
may be derived from a C value resulting from detailed
calculation of the period neglecting the 80% limitation, and
neglecting the lower bound of 0.075 for C/R w.

STRUCTURAL DESIGN CRITERIA PROPOSED TWENTY STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

STRUCTURAL DESIGN CRITERIA PROPOSED TWENTY STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

2.0

MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS
The following material strengths shall be used in the structural
analysis and design of the building.
a.

b.

Concrete - The minimum concrete compressive strength fc

Concrete Element

fc

Columns

69 MPA

Suspended slabs, beams

35 MPA

Shear Walls

52 MPA

Footings

21 MPA

Parapet Wall

21 MPA

Slab on Grad/Fill

21 MPA

Partitions/Walls
Concrete hollow blocks has a compressive strength of 700 psi
and is plastered on both sides

c.

Size

Dry Unit Weight

Exterior wall (200mm thk CHB)

4.36 KPa

Interior wall (150mm thk CHB)

Interior partitions (100mm thk
CHB)

3.3 KPa
3.17 KPa

Floor Finishes
Marble and Mortar for floor finish.
Material

Dry Unit Weight

Floor finish & floor toppings

1.53 KPa

d.

Reinforcing Steel bars

Shall be deformed and shall conform to PNS 49/ASTM 615:
Diameter

Grade

10

fy

STRUCTURAL DESIGN CRITERIA PROPOSED TWENTY STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

12 mm and
smaller
16 mm and larger
e.

60

60,000 psi

60

60,000 psi

Other Materials
Plaster on wood lath for ceiling.

3.0

Material

Dry Unit Weight

Ceiling & utilities

0.38 KPa

COMPUTER PROGRAMS
The following are all structural softwares used in the analysis and
design of the building;
ETABS 2013
The proposed condominium buildings are composed of a two five
storey buildings with half basement and an eight storey building
with two basement level structure to be made of reinforced
concrete from the foundation to the top most level. The frames will
be reinforced concrete beams, girders and columns. The building
shall be modeled as a Special Moment Resisting Space Frame to be
designed to resist the lateral load primarily due to the flexural
action of members. The weight of the masonry walls shall be
considered in the design of the frame. However, no consideration
shall be given to the stiffening effect of these walls and partitions.

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STRUCTURAL DESIGN CRITERIA PROPOSED TWENTY STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

4.0

REFERENCES
The following structural codes and specifications shall be used in
the design of the building:
a. National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) C101-01,
Volume 1, Buildings, Towers and Other Vertical Structures, 6th
Edition, 2010
b. Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete, ACI 318-08,
American Concrete Institute (ACI).
c. Uniform Building Code (UBC) 1997 Edition.
d. American Institute of Steel Construction Inc., AISC-ASD/LRFD.
e. Design of Reinforced Concrete by J. McCormac

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