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Nelson Lesson 3.5

The document describes organizing data using frequency tables and stem-and-leaf plots. It provides examples of student data on long jump distances organized in a frequency table with intervals of 10 cm and a stem-and-leaf plot with intervals of 10 cm. It also shows lunch time data from an employee cafeteria organized in a stem-and-leaf plot and compares it to the requirement that 90% of tables be empty within 50 minutes.

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Mudassir Ali
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238 views4 pages

Nelson Lesson 3.5

The document describes organizing data using frequency tables and stem-and-leaf plots. It provides examples of student data on long jump distances organized in a frequency table with intervals of 10 cm and a stem-and-leaf plot with intervals of 10 cm. It also shows lunch time data from an employee cafeteria organized in a stem-and-leaf plot and compares it to the requirement that 90% of tables be empty within 50 minutes.

Uploaded by

Mudassir Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

You will need

a ruler
centimetre grid
paper

3.5 Frequency Tables and


Stem-and-Leaf Plots
GOAL
Organize data using frequency tables and stem-and-leaf plots.

Learn about the Math


The students in Tonyas gym class were practising their standing long
jumps. They jumped the following distances, in centimetres:
187
200
206
202

205
205
215
221

221
207
227
214

186
193
228
220

185
186
230
229

212
172
218
189

222
208
188
193

215
223
173
212

198
175
196
212

The students want to sort the data into levels of achievement. One group
of students decides to create a frequency table . Another group thinks
that a stem-and-leaf plot will show the levels better. A third group
wants to use a bar graph. Each group has to decide on appropriate
intervals to use.

can you compare the data in different achievement


? How
levels?
Example 1: Organizing data in a frequency table
Organize the data for standing long jumps in a frequency table.

Group 1s Solution

98

Interval (cm)

Frequency

170179

180189

190199

200209

210219

220229

230239

Chapter 3

We noticed that the longest jump


is 230 cm and the shortest jump
is 172 cm.
If we use every possible whole
number length in centimetres
from 172 to 230, the frequency
table will be too large.
We decided to organize the data
in intervals of 10.

frequency table
a count of each item,
organized by categories
or intervals
stem-and-leaf plot
an organization of
numerical data into
categories based on
place values; the digits
representing greater
values are the stems,
and the other digits
are the leaves
interval
the space between two
values; for example,
09 represents the
interval from 0 to 9,
including 0 and 9

NEL

Example 2: Organizing data using a stem-and-leaf plot and a bar graph


Organize the data for standing long jumps using each type of display.
a) a stem-and-leaf plot
b) a bar graph

a) Group 2s Solution
Long Jump Distances (cm)
Stem

Leaf

17

235

18

566789

19

3368

20

0255678

21

2224558

22

01123789

23

We used intervals of 10 to organize the data


in a stem-and-leaf plot.
We used the hundreds and tens digits as the
stems, and the ones digits as the leaves.

b) Group 3s Solution
Since we are graphing long jumps,
we decided to put the bars horizontally.
We used intervals of 10 rather than
including all the distances, because
we think this will make the graph easier
to read.

Reflecting
1. a) How is a stem-and-leaf plot like a frequency table?
b) How is a stem-and-leaf plot like a bar graph?
2. When making a frequency table, stem-and-leaf plot, or bar graph,
how do you choose appropriate intervals?
3. Which method is easiest for you to use to organize the data and
visually compare the count in each category? Justify your choices.
4. Which method can be used to organize data without losing
individual values?

NEL

Data Management

99

Work with the Math


Example 3: Changing a stem-and-leaf plot into a frequency table
A company cafeteria has two lunch shifts. The second shift starts 1 h after the
first shift. The cafeteria staff needs 10 min after the first shift to clean the tables
and prepare for the second shift. To do this, at least 90% of the tables must be
empty within 50 min.
The cafeteria staff records how much time the employees in the first shift take
to finish lunch and leave the tables during one shift. Are 90% of the tables
empty within 50 min, or do the lunch times have to change?
Amount of Time the Tables Are Occupied by First-Shift Employees (min)
37
45
28
45
52
38
30
25
46
43
27
39
47
44
29
30
35
45
44
56
60
36
33
25
25
43
27
30
45
42

Kwamis Solution
Interval (min)

Frequency

Leaf

2029

5557789

3039

000356789

4049

11

23344555567

5059

26

6069

Time at Tables (min)


Stem

Checking
5. Choose appropriate intervals to organize
each set of data in a frequency table.
a) lengths of short stories (number of
words): 120, 173, 287, 599, 183, 298,
376, 922
b) times for candles to burn completely
(min): 120, 125, 129, 128, 125, 122,
120, 123
c) attendance at shows (number of people):
120, 4989, 2998, 2774, 1487, 159, 3992
d) heights of plants (cm): 120, 387, 428,
127, 287, 125, 332, 487

100 Chapter 3

There are 30 tables, and


90% must be empty within
50 min. So, this means that
27 of the 30 tables must be
empty within 50 min. Only
3 tables were occupied for
50 min or more. So, the lunch
times can stay as they are.

Practising
6. Would you use a stem-and-leaf plot, a
frequency table, or either to organize each
set of data? Explain your choice.
a) the absences in each class in a school
b) the heights of NBA basketball players
c) an inventory of textbooks in a classroom
7. a) If you were collecting data on the
colours of vehicles in a parking lot,
why would a stem-and-leaf plot not
be appropriate?
b) Could you use a frequency table?
Explain your answer.

NEL

8. Use this stem-and-leaf plot to answer


the questions below.
Vehicle Speed on Highway (km/h)
Stem

Leaf

05577799999

233446668899999

10

01111468889

a) How many vehicles had their speeds


measured?
b) How many vehicles were travelling
over 90 km/h?
c) If the speed limit on the highway is
100 km/h, how many vehicles were
speeding?
d) What percent of vehicles were speeding?
9. If you collected the sets of data in question 6,
which would be primary data and which
would be secondary data? Explain your
thinking.
10. Rosa is in a bowling league. These are her
scores for the season.
132 118 122 106 94 94 112 118
104 120 108 104 96 122 130 116
104 118 106 124
a) Display Rosas scores in a stem-andleaf plot.
b) What is the range of scores? The range
is the difference between the highest
and lowest score.
c) The teams mean score was 110. In
what percent of her games did Rosa
score above 110 points?
d) Create a bar graph to show Rosas
scores. Label the horizontal axis Game
number and the vertical axis Points
scored.

NEL

11. The quality control engineers at a potato chip


factory want to ensure a consistent product.
They count the number of chips in every
100th bag. Their results are shown below.
Number of Potato Chips per Bag
135 154 188 137 123 151 122 134
123 119 108 119 143 150 132 128
129 144 123 145 127 126 107 150
127 132 133 127 142 117 108 125
122 137 96 99
a) Organize these results in a stem-andleaf plot.
b) Use your stem-and-leaf plot to create
a bar graph that the company can
display in the employee cafeteria.
12. The following stem-and-leaf plot shows
the number of passengers who rode a train
along a certain route during a one-month
period. Record the data in a frequency table
using intervals of 5.
Number of Monthly Passengers on Train
Leaf

Stem
9

579

10

003589

11

2446888

12

34779999

13

24468

14

23335

15

01

Extending
13. The points scored for and against a
basketball team are listed below. Create a
two-sided stem-and-leaf plot to show the
points scored for and against the team.
Points scored for team: 129, 108, 114, 125,
132, 107, 97, 127, 108, 124, 117, 94, 99, 108
Points scored against team: 113, 127, 132,
109, 101, 90, 88, 112, 109, 122, 119, 102,
110, 97
Data Management

101

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