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Translation of Graphs (2) : The Exponential Function and Trigonometric Function

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75 views8 pages

Translation of Graphs (2) : The Exponential Function and Trigonometric Function

Maths 911 has been broadcasting since July 2006. The premise is simple: broadcast the best teachers live across the country and give learners access to them. The learners call in with questions and the teachers work through the calls with them. In 2009 Maths911 began working through the new Maths911 workbook at the top of the show giving learners the opportunity to follow along at home with their own workbooks and have solid notes to revise from at exam time. Broadcasting Monday, Tuesday and Thursday from 17h00 – 18h00, and on Wednesday for a full two hours from 17h00. In the past 4 years Maths 911 has been on air over 350 hours and caller volumes keep going from strength to strength. The call center is especially crazy over the exam period, don't miss out: 08600 62847, channel 319 on DsTV – Mindset Learn.

Uploaded by

gemgirl6686
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TRANSLATION OF GRAPHS (2)

31

LESSON

The exponential function and trigonometric function


Learning Outcomes and Assessment Standards
Learning Outcome 2: Functions and algebra
Assessment Standard AS 2
Generate as many graphs as necessary, initially by means of point-by-point plotting,
supported by available technology, to make and test conjectures about the effect of the
parameters k, p, a and q for the functions including:
y = sin kx
y = cos kx
y = tan kx
y = sin (x + p)
y = cos (x + p)
y = tan (x + p)
y = a(x + p)2 + q
a
y = abx + p + q
y=_
+q
x +p

Overview

Overview

In this lesson you will:

Revise translating the exponential graph vertically


Learn to translate the exponential graph horizontally
Learn to translate the exponential graph both vertically and horizontally
Revise translating trigonometric graphs vertically
Learn to translate trigonometric graphs horizontally
Learn to draw trigonometric graphs when the period changes.
Lesson

Lesson
The exponential function
Last year you translated the graph vertically.
Lets revise it.
Draw: y = 2x

(1; 2)

Note: There is an asymptote at y = 0


(xaxis) so when we translate the graph,
we first translate the asymptote.
Draw: y = 2x 2

x
Draw: y = (_12)

It is a decreasing function because the


gradient is negative.
x
Draw: y= (_1) + 1 (translate the
2

asymptote first)

(1; _32)
y = (_12) + 1
x

y = (_12)

(1; _12)
Page 137

Investigation

Investigation
On the same set of axes sketch:
y = 2x + 1

y = 2x 1

y = 2x + 3

y = 2x 4

You can put your calculator into table mode and select negative and positive values. If
you do not have a calculator with table mode make a table of values.
x
y
Choose positive values and negative values and remember 2(0) = 1 is very important.
What did you learn from this investigation?
If y = 2x p, the graph is translated horizontally p units to the left or right.
The line y = 0 (the xaxis) is the horizontal asymptote.
Example

Example 1
x1
Draw y = (_12) is translated 1 unit to the

right.
x
Translation: The graph y = (_12)is
translated 1 unit to the right.

Example

y = ( _12)
x

y = ( _12)

(x 1)

( )

1; _12

(2; 1)

Example 2
Draw y = 3x + 2
y = 3x

Translation: The graph y = 3x is


translated 2 units to the left.

(1; 1)

y = 3(x + 2)

Page 138

(1; 3)

Example

Example 3
What about y = 2x 2
Translation: Draw y = 2x
Reflect it across the xaxis to get y = 2x

(3; 2)
(1; 2)

Example

Example 4
Vertical and horizontal shift:
Sketch: y = 2x + 1 2
Translation: Draw y = 2x
Translate it 1 unit to the left and 2
units down

(0; 1)

Example

Example 5

x2
One more: Sketch y = (_13) 1
x
Translation: Draw y = ( _1)translate it 2 units right and 1 unit down.

horizontal
translation of 2 to
the right

(1; 3)
+2 ; 1
(1; 2)

vertical
translation of
one unit down

(1; 3)
(1; 2)


PPaaggee 1139

Lesson 1 | Algebra

Trigonometry graphs
Revision
y = sinx
x [180; 180]
Amplitude: 1
Period: 360

y = cosx
x [180; 180]
Amplitude: 1
Period: 360

y = tanx
x [180; 180]
Period: 360
Asymptotes: 90 + k180, kZ

Vertical translation
y = sin x + 1, x [0 ; 360]
y = sin x translates up 1 unit


y = 2 cos x 1

x [0 ; 360]

Translation y = cos x has an amplitude of 2 stretches 2 up and 2 down.


y = 2 cos x translates 1 down.

Page 140


y = tan x + 1, x [180 ; 180]
Translation: y = tan x translates up 1 unit


Investigation: Use your calculator in table mode to sketch the following graphs if
x [0 ; 360]
y = sin 2x

y = sin 3x

y = sin 2x

y = cos 2x

y = cos 2x

y = cos 4x

if x [0 ; 360]

y = tan 2x

y = tan 3x

y = tan 4x

if x [0 ; 90]

Investigation

What happened to the graphs?


They either shrunk or stretched horizontally.
We say that the period of the graph changed.
For y = sin bx and y = cos bx the period is _
360

.
For y = tan bx the period is _
180

.
b

Identify the following graphs:

y = sin 4x if x [0 ; 135]

y = cos _12x ; if x [360 ; 360]


PPaaggee 1141

Lesson 1 | Algebra

y = tan 3x if x [60 ; 60]


Horizontal Shift
y = sin(x 30) x [0 ; 360]
Translation: y = sin x translates 30 to the right.

yintercept x = 0 sin (30) = _12


The following cos and tan graphs are additional examples for you to work through.
Sketch: y = cos (x + 45) x [180 ; 270]
Translation: y = cos x translates 45 to the left.

150

y = cos (x + 45)
y = cos x
Sketch: y = tan (x + 30); x [180 ; 180]
Translation: y = tan x translates 60 to the right.

Page 142

30

150

y = tan (x 60)
Activity

Activity 1
1.

a)

Sketch y = 3x

b)

Reflect y = 3x across the yaxis and write down the equation.

c)

2.

a)

Reflect y = 3x across the xaxis and write down the equation.


x
Sketch y = ( _1)

b)

c)

x
Reflect y = (_14)across the yaxis and write down the equation.
x
Reflect y = ( _1)across the xaxis and write down the equation.

Activity

Activity 2
A. Sketch each of the following graphs on a separate set of axes and describe the
translation you used.
x

1.
y = 3x + 1
2.
y = ( _1) 2
2

3.

5.

7.

9.

3
x1
_
y = 13 2
8.
x

1
y = _13 + 1

11.

y = 2 cos (x 45) if x [0 ; 360]

12.

y = tan ( x + 60) if x [0 ; 360]

B.

1.

Sketch f(x) = 2x + 1 1

2.

Sketch g if g is the reflection of f across the yaxis.

3.

Sketch h if h is the reflection of f across the xaxis.

C.

1.

Sketch y = cos (x + 30) if x [180 ; 180]

2. If the yaxis is translated 60 to the right, give the equation of the new
graph.

3. If the graph is translated 2 units vertically down, give the equation of the
new graph.

4. If the graph is translated horizontally 20 to the left, find the new
equation of the graph.

D.

1.

Sketch y = sin (x 60) if x [180 ; 360]

2.

Name this graph in 3 different ways.

y = 2x 1
x1
y = ( _1)

( )
( )

4.

y = 2x 2

6.

y = 2x + 1 2
y = 2x + 1 1
10.

y = sin (x + 30) if x [0 ; 360]

PPaaggee 1143

Lesson 1 | Algebra

E.

Give an equation for the following graph.


F.

Page 144

1.

Find the equation of g.

2.

Find the co-ordinates of A.

3.

Find another equation for g.

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