LTE MIMO System-Level

D i
Design-to-Test
t T t

Greg Jue

Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009

LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
1

Agenda

MIMO Overview
MIMO Transmitter Case Study
MIMO Receiver Case Studyy
Early R&D SISO & MIMO Hardware Testing

Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009

LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
2

Agilent LTE Book

www.agilent.com/find/ltebook
Th first
The
fi t LTE book
b k dedicated
d di t d
to design and measurement

30 Authors
460 pages

Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009

LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
3

Book overview
Chapter 1 LTE Introduction
Chapter 2 Air Interface Concepts
Chapter 3 Physical Layer
Chapter 4 Upper Layer Signaling
Chapter 5 System Architecture Evolution
Chapter 6 Design and Verification Challenges
Chapter 7 Conformance Test
Chapter 8 Looking Towards 4G: LTE-Advanced
Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009
LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
4

Basic channel access modes

Transmit
Antennas

The Radio
Channel

Receive
Antennas

SISO

Transmit
Antennas

The Radio
Channel

Receive
Antennas

SIMO

Single Input Single Output

Single Input Multiple Output
(Receive diversity)

MISO

Multiple Input Single Output

(Transmit diversity)

MIMO

Multiple Input Multiple Output

(Multiple data streams)
Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009
LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test

Advantages of multiple antennas

MISO (Tx diversity) increases the robustness of the signal to poor channel
conditions. It does not increase data rates but increases coverage and
th f
therefore
cellll capacity.
it
SIMO (Rx diversity) improves the received SNR by combining multiple
copies of the same signal.
g
Like MISO it does not increase data rates but
extends coverage and hence cell capacity.
MIMO uses multiple data streams to increase cell capacity. The data streams
can be allocated to one user to increase single-user
single user data rates.
rates

Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009

LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
6

For More Information on LTE MIMO Concepts:

http://www.techonline.com/learning/webinar/216401769

Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009

LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
7

SystemVue MIMO Source

Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009

LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
8

SystemVue MIMO Channel Model

Si l t d S
Simulated
Spectrum
t
with
ith MIMO F
Fading
di

Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009

LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
9

SystemVue MIMO Receiver

Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009

LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
10

Agenda

MIMO Overview
MIMO Transmitter Case Study
MIMO Receiver Case Studyy
Early R&D SISO & MIMO Hardware Testing

Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009

LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
11

Mixed-Signal Challenges: System Design Tradeoffs

Channel
D/A
Bits In

Coding
g
Algorithms

A/D

Tx
Gain
Linearity
Output Power

Decoding
Algorithms
g

Rx

Bits Out

Gain
NF
Phase Noise

Considerations:
Key Algorithms
Baseband Implementation/ Fixed-Point Effects
RF Design Impairments/Non-Linearities
Phase
Ph
Noise,
N i
ADC Ji
Jitter
Channel Impairments

Fixed Point Baseband Designs

Math Algorithms
FPGA HDL Code

Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009

LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
12

System-Level Architecture Design

Partition Design Requirements to Meet LTE Specifications
without
ih
Over-Designing
O
D i i
Coding/
Decoding
Al
Algorithms
ith
Mixed-Signal
Receiver

ADC and DAC

Impairments

With LTE having such high

performance targets every
part of the transmit and
receive chain becomes
critical to the link budget

Baseband
Fixed-Point

RF Transmitter/
PA Nonlinarities

So how to decide the

optimum balance, without
over-designing?
How are design requirements
impacted going from QPSK
to 16QAM to 64QAM?

RF Channel
D/A
Bits In

Coding
Algorithms

A/D

Tx

Rx

Decoding
Algorithms

Bits Out

Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009

LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
13

Baseband Libraries
Algorithm Test Vectors for FPGA Development

Coding/
Decoding
Algorithms

(P li i
(Preliminary)
)
Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009
LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
14

Configurable References

(P li i
(Preliminary)
)
Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009
LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
15

FPGA Scrambler Example

Switch between C++
model and math
algorithm model

SystemVue
Scrambler
Output

Diff

HDL (Actual Scrambler Code Not Shown)

FPGA HDL
CoSim Output

(Preliminary)
Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009
LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
16

New LTE Reference Vector White Paper

http://www.agilent.com/find/eesof-lte-whitepaper
From an Agilent FPGA Developer
using SystemVue:
SystemVue helped me discover a
typing error in my 16QAM
scrambler
bl which
hi h was failing
f ili tests.
It has saved MBD at least 3 months
of development time already, and
is crucial for meeting - and
exceeding
e
ceed g - ou
our on-going
o go g
development time goals.
http://cp.literature.agilent.com/lit
web/pdf/5990-3671EN.pdf

Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009

LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
17

Transmitter Design
Start with SystemVue Pre-Configured Template

Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009

LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
18

Design Fixed Point IQ Modulator and

Replace Ideal IQ Modulator
Baseband
Fixed-Point

4X
UpSample

I(t)*CosWc(t)

I in
FIR RRC
Fs/4 Carrier
Multiplexing

I(t)*CosWc(t)Q(t)*SinWc(t)

FIR RRC

Q in
4X
UpSample

Q(t)*SinWc(t)

Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009

LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
19

64QAM EVM Results with FIR Wordlength =10 for

Fixed Point IQ Modulator Design

EVM = 0.5 %

(Preliminary)
Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009
LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
20

64QAM EVM Results with FIR Wordlength =8 for

Fixed Point IQ Modulator Design

EVM = 1.3 %

(Preliminary)
Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009
LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
21

64QAM EVM Results with FIR Wordlength =6 & 7 for

Fixed Point IQ Modulator Design
FIR Wordlength = 7 bits

EVM = 2.9 %

FIR Wordlength = 6 bits

EVM = 46 % !

(Preliminary)
Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009
LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
22

Generate & Verify HDL Functionality Prior to FPGA

Synthesis

(Preliminary)
Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009
LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
23

MIMO FPGA Implementation and Test Setup

(Preliminary)
Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009
LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
24

Add RF Design: Transmitter and Antenna Cross Talk

Specify LO Phase Noise
dBc/Hz @ Freq. Offset

RF Transmitter/
PA Nonlinarities

Specify 1dB
Comp. Pt.

Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009

LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
25

-80 dBc/Hz Phase Noise @ 10kHz with -30 dB CrossTalk

-80dBc/Hz @ 10KHz offset

1dB Gain Comp.

p Pt.

Tx1/Rx0 = -33 dB
RS EVM = 1.7%

-30
30 dB Cross-Coupling
Cross Coupling

Composite
EVM = 2.3%

(Preliminary)
Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009
LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
26

-80 dBc/Hz Phase Noise @ 10kHz with -20 dB CrossTalk

-80dBc/Hz @ 10KHz offset

1dB Gain Comp.

p Pt.

Tx1/Rx0 = -26 dB
RS EVM = 1.7%

-20
20 dB Cross-Coupling
Cross Coupling

Composite
EVM = 3.8 %

(Preliminary)
Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009
LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
27

-20 dB CrossTalk -No Phase Noise, No Gain Compression

-80dBc/Hz @ 10KHz offset

1dB Gain Comp.

p Pt.

Tx1/Rx0 = -26 dB
RS EVM = .05 %

-20
20 dB Cross-Coupling
Cross Coupling

Composite
EVM = 3.3 %

A Constellation of Constellations
Resulting from Antenna Cross-Talk

(Preliminary)
Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009
LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
28

MIMO Channel Model: Antenna Correlation and Propagation

1x2, 2x2, 4x2

Low, Medium, High Antenna Correlation
E t d d P
Extended:
Pedestrian_A,
d ti
A V
Vehicular_A,
hi l A T
Typical
i lU
Urban
b
Velocity in Km/hr

Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009

LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
29

MIMO Channel Model: Antenna Correlation and Propagation

Low Correlation
Extended Pedestrian_A
Velocity= 2
2.7
7 km/hr

Low Correlation
Extended Vehicular_A
Velocity= 2
2.7
7 km/hr

(Preliminary)
Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009
LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
30

LTE MIMO Downlink BER with ADI A/D Converter

MIMO Source

MIMO
Channel

MIMO Receiver

Sweep SNR

Mixed-Signal
Mixed
Signal
Receiver

ADI A/D
Converter

ADC and DAC

Impairments

Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009

LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
31

QPSK , 16QAM, 64QAM Results vs. Swept ADI ADC Jitter

6% Jitter
6% Jitter

4% Jitter

6% Jitter
2% Jitter

4%
2% Jitter Jitter

QPSK

4% Jitter
2% Jitter

16 QAM

64 QAM

(Preliminary)
Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009
LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
32

QPSK , 16QAM, 64QAM Results vs. Swept LO Phase Noise

-60 dBc/Hz

-65
65 dBc/Hz
-70 dBc/Hz

QPSK

16 QAM

64 QAM

(Preliminary)
Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009
LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
33

Agenda

MIMO Overview
MIMO Transmitter Case Study
MIMO Receiver Case Studyy
Early R&D SISO & MIMO Hardware Testing

Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009

LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
34

SISO Early R&D Hardware BER Testing

Simulated

IF

RF

Simulated Receiver
I
Demodulator

A/D
Converter

W
Waveform
f

Baseband
De-Coding

RF/RF BER
SystemVue
+ VSA SW

MXG, ESG

Step 1
Download
Signal

Step 2
Capture
Signal

MXA, PSA

Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009

LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
35

SISO Early R&D Hardware BER Testing

Simulated

RF

IF

Simulated Receiver
I
Demodulator

W
Waveform
f

A/D
Converter

Baseband
De-Coding

RF/IF BER
SystemVue
+ VSA SW

MXG,
G, ESG
SG

Step 1
Download
Signal

Step 2
Capture
Signal

MXA, PSA

Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009

LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
36

SISO Early R&D Hardware BER Testing

Simulated

Simulated Receiver

IF

RF

I
Demodulator

W
Waveform
f

A/D
Converter

Baseband
De Coding
De-Coding

RF/ Analog
A l IQ BER
SystemVue
+ VSA SW

MXG, ESG

Step 1
Download
Signal

Step 2
Capture
Signal

MXA with BB IQ

Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009

LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
37

SISO Early R&D Hardware BER Testing

Simulated

RF

IF

I
Demodulator

W
Waveform
f

A/D
Converter

Baseband
De-Coding

Simulated
Baseband Receiver

RF/Digital IQ BER
RF/Di it l IF BER
RF/Digital
SystemVue
+ VSA SW

MXG ESG
MXG,

Step 1
D
Download
l d
Signal

Step 2
Capture
Signal

Logic Analyzers

Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009

LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
38

Picture of LTE OFDMA Mixed-Signal DUT

SISO BER Test Setup
14 Bit A/D
Board DUT

N6705A
DC Power
Analyzer
MXG
(Download
Signal from
SystemVue)

16822A
Logic
Analyzer
with
ith A
Agilent
il t
SystemVue*

ESG
(DUT Clock)

* Note: SystemVue does not ship with Logic Analyzer

Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009
LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
39

LTE OFDMA SISO BER Test Setup Diagram

LAN Cable
Download SystemVue LTE TDD/FDD
Signal via LAN
E
Event
t1M
Marker
k O
Outt

Ti
Trigger
In
I

SVue LTE TDD/FDD

Signal at 7.68
7 68 MHz IF

SystemVue

MXG
Analog
In

30.72 MHz

ESG

Clk
In

14-Bit A/D
Converter
Board (DUT)

+ 3.3V

Dig.
Out

16822 Logic
Analyzer with
SystemVue
installed

+ 5V
LAN Cable

N6705A DC Power Analyzer

Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009
LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
40

Automate Testing with SystemVue Math Scripting

Power Supply/
Analyzer
MXG

14-Bit
A/D Converter
DUT
Sweep from:
QPSK
to 16 QAM
to 64QAM

Sweep
DC Bias
with Power
Supply/
Analyzer

Sweep
RF Power
on MXG
BER
Logic Analyzer
with SystemVue
Installed
(Preliminary)
Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009
LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test

41

FDD SISO BER with Swept QPSK, 16QAM,

64QAM, +5V Bias

(P li i
(Preliminary)
)
Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009
LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
42

LTE 2x2 MIMO R&D Receiver Hardware Testing

2xN9020A Signal Analyzer

2xE4438C Signal Gen

SystemVue
N5106A PXB

DUT

TD-LTE or LTE-FDD MIMO Baseband data is generated by SystemVue and

downloaded to the PXB
The PXB applies emulated LTE MIMO multipath fading
Two ESGs/MXGs turn the PXB output signals into RF DUT test signals
p
the DUT output
p signals
g
which are then read into
Two MXAs capture
SystemVue
SystemVue performs the MIMO baseband post-processing to perform MIMO
BER measurements
(P li i
(Preliminary)
)

Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009

LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
43

SystemVue LTE MIMO Test Signal Generation

LTE Baseband signal generator
IQ modulator
Channel model can be turned ON/OFF
ESG/MXG/PSG/N5106 links to download signals
g
from SystemVue
y
M3
InputType=I/Q
FCarrier=1e+9Hz [FCarrier]

Re

A mp
I

M od

Q
P hase
Freq

Im

OUT

Noise
Density

OUT
QUA D

S11 {SignalDownloader_E4438C_noreset}
HWAvailable=YES
PrimAddress='141.121.239.205

C1

11010

ESG4438C Downloader

A2
NDensity=2.108e-9W [NDensity]
LTE DL

B2 {DataPattern@Data Flow Models}

DataPattern=PN9

2Ant MIMO

MIMO
Channel

Baseband
Source

11010
B1 {DataPattern@Data Flow Models}
DataPattern=PN9

L1
AntennaConfig=TR_2x2
ModelType=Extended_Vehicular_A [ChannelModeType]

O1
Frequency=1e+9Hz [FCarrier]
Power=1W
SampleRate=7.68e+6Hz [SamplingRate]

LTE_DL_MIMO_2Ant_Src

Im

Freq
Phase
Q

QUAD
OUT

Mod
Re
C2

I
Amp

N5106A Link

OUT

M1
InputType=I/Q
FCarrier=1e+9Hz [FCarrier]

Noise
Density

ESG4438C Downloader

S12 {SignalDownloader_E4438C_noreset}
HWAvailable=YES
PrimAddress='141.121.238.164
AutoScale=YES
DoDownload=YES

A1
NDensity=2.108e-9W [NDensity]

(P li i
(Preliminary)
)
Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009
LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
44

SystemVue LTE MIMO Signal Analysis:

Demodulation and Decoding
VSA Source model to capture waveforms from Agilent test equipment
SystemVue baseband receiver performs MIMO baseband post-processing to
perform coded BER/BLER measurements

LTE
Freq
Phase
Q

DeMod

I
Amp

11010

BER_FER

Im
L2

Re

B1 {DataPattern@Data Flow Models}

DataPattern=PN9
R1

D1
OutputType=I/Q
FCarrier=1e+9Hz [FCarrier]

LTE DL
2Ant MIMO

VSA

Baseband
Receiver

123
Constell1
StartStopOption=Samples

VSA2
VSATitle='DL_Ant0
OutputType=Timed
VSATrace=C

Freq
Phase
Q

DeMod

I
Amp

D2
OutputType=I/Q
FCarrier=1e+9Hz [FCarrier]

Im
LTE_DL_MIMO_2Ant_Rcv
UE1_RB_Alloc=0;15 [UE1_RB_Alloc]

Re
R2

(P li i
(Preliminary)
)
Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009
LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
45

LTE 2x2 MIMO Receiver Test Setup

SystemVue

N5106A PXB

2xN9020A
2xE4438C
Signal Generators Signal Analyzers

MIMO Test Setup Using SystemVue, N5106 PXB, (2) ESGs, (2) MXAs
Both TD-LTE and LTE-FDD MIMO receivers can be tested
(P li i
(Preliminary)
)
Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009
LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
46

LTE-FDD MIMO Signal Waveforms

Transmitted Waveforms
Antenna 1 (Red), Antenna 2 (Yellow)

(P li i
(Preliminary)
)
Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009
LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
47

LTE-FDD MIMO Signal Waveforms

LTE-FDD signals with no Fading
Constellation
Baseline BER Result = 0% BER

(P li i
(Preliminary)
)
Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009
LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
48

TD-LTE MIMO Signal Waveforms

R
Receiver
i
Waveforms
W
f
under
d MIMO fading
f di
Antenna 1 (Red) and Antenna 2 (Yellow)

(P li i
(Preliminary)
)
Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009
LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
49

TDD-LTE MIMO Signal Waveforms

LTE-TDD signals with Fading
C
Constellation
t ll ti
Baseline BER Result = 0% BER

(P li i
(Preliminary)
)
Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009
LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
50

For More Information:

www.agilent.com/find/systemvue

Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009

LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
51

For More Information:

www.agilent.com/find/lte

Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009

LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
52

Summary
Trade-off baseband and RF design impairments for system-level design
requirements
Evaluate fixed-point design impairments on system-level metrics such
as EVM and BER; Generate HDL from fixed-point design to target FPGAs
Generate LTE reference vectors to validate hand-written HDL code for
FPGA implementations
Perform system-level design trade-offs to minimize over-designing to
meet specs (e.g. fixed point vs. LO phase noise vs. RF nonlinearities vs.
ADC jitter)
Combine simulation with test equipment to perform coded BER on
RF/mixed-signal hardware, using simulation to provide baseband
coding/decoding functionality
Generate and analyze MIMO signals for receiver hardware testing

Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009

LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
53

Thank You!

Copyright Agilent Technologies 2009

LTE MIMO System Design-to-Test
54