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Answers in English. Students Own Calculators or (Gculty Calculators Are Allowed

This document provides an exam for a basic course on wireless communications. It contains 5 questions that assess understanding of key concepts in wireless signal propagation models, cellular network handovers, CDMA multiple access interference minimization, wireless network technologies, and comparisons of cellular and 802 networks. Formulas relevant to the exam questions are provided as an attachment.

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54 views4 pages

Answers in English. Students Own Calculators or (Gculty Calculators Are Allowed

This document provides an exam for a basic course on wireless communications. It contains 5 questions that assess understanding of key concepts in wireless signal propagation models, cellular network handovers, CDMA multiple access interference minimization, wireless network technologies, and comparisons of cellular and 802 networks. Formulas relevant to the exam questions are provided as an attachment.

Uploaded by

moeen.tariq9252
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TL T -6106 Basic Course on Wireless Communications, Exam 25.01.

2010, Please give the


answers in English. Students I own calculators or (Gculty IS calculators are allowed. Attached
2-page fonnulas allowed. Exam's compiler: Simona Lohan, TGl16.
1. (6p) Describe the radio signal propagation models used in wireless communications. Explain
especially the following concepts and their role in the overall model: a) path loss model; b)
shadowing (large-scale fading); c) fast fading (small-scale fading); d) muitipath propagation.
Explain also briefly, how these models are related to propagation mechanisms in the physical
radio channel. In your explanation, use the tenns propagation exponent, coherence
bandwidth, log-nonnal distribution, time-selectivity, delay spread in such a way that their 'St.D"-
significance becomes clear.
2. a) (4p) Describe the following 4 concepts: i) Soft handover, ii) Softer handover, iii) Inter-
system handover, iv) Vertical handover.
b) (2p) What is the purpose ofthe equalizer block E(t) shown in the following block
diagram. What is the desired frequency response E(t), assuming that the transmit filter P(t),
the receive filter H(t), and channel frequency response C(t) are known?
D
XCI) = P(I) e(I) Hen
3. a) (3p) What is the Multi-Access Interference (MAl) and how it can be minimized in COMA
multiple access schemes? Think about the spreading codes correlation properties.
b) (3p) In the following plot, the autocorrelation of2 CDMA code sequences is shown. Show
which sequence has better auto-correlation properties and explain why.
0.8
0.6 r
I
OAf
I
0.2
o
0.2
OA
5
Autocorrelation sequences
-Sequence 1
2
________ ___ . _____ ._. ____ _ L .. __ ____ . _ __ _ ____ _
o
4. a) (3p) Describe the main characteristics ofa WMAN (coverage, approximate bit rates,
mobility). Briefly compare WMAN)with with UMTS system
architecture, by emphasizing the similarities and differences. Gives some examples of data
rates typical for GSM and for UMTS based connections.
b) (3p) Ifa SIR of 15 dB is required for satisfactory downlink channel perfonnance in a
cellular system, what is the frequency reuse factor and cluster size that should be used for
maximum capacity if the path loss exponent is a) n=4, b) n=3? Assume that there are 6 (1=6)
co-channel cells in the first tier, and all ofthem are at the same distance from the mobile.
This kind of scenario should be possible at least with cell reuse factors of 3, 4, 7, 12 and 13
5. (6p) Compare, at general level, the cellular mobile network technologies (like GSM, UMTS)
against 802 wireless access technologies (WP ANI WLANI WMANI WW AN). Which
common features do they have and which are the major differences? Consider both radio
interface and core network aspects. Think also about coverage, capacity, cost, frequency
spectrum, mobility aspects, and main challenges (and possible solutions) for each of these 2
technologies.
TLT -6100 Langattoman tietoliikenteen perusteet
TLT-6106/6100 Basic Course on Wireless Communications
Appendix to the Exam 30.1.2009 (part 1 of 2)
List of formulas:

R 47rR2 e
P
N
= -228.6 + lOloglO T + lOloglO B + NFdB
L = 4Sin2(27rhThR
Ad 47rd
bt
L = A + B loglO (fMHJ -13.82 Iog
lO
(hb) + (C - 6.551og
lO
(hb)) Iog
lO
(d
km
) - K 0 k."'MO\""'-"" -'" "')..(,.
F W
L = L
re
/ +20Iog
1o
d + I.FAF(f) + I.WAF(w)

( )
k kr2
{' (r I k GJ) = r
2k
-
J
e - 2,,2
j R , 1(k) 2GJ
2
N-J
GJ =
r
Sk(t) = I.ck(n)p(t-nTJ
n '-------v------
IC=MkN=MSI
N =i
2
+ij + l
Eu = H(l/j4 E = UEu
EM M
Pr [delay> 0] = M! M - E .
EM M M-l E'
- +I.-
M! M -E i!
<Xl
1(k) = f
y
k-l
e
-
Y
dy
o
SIR = d
o
-
n
J
" d-
n
J
'1 -A T L
T = /(., T e P P = Le-
p p
EM 1M'
Pr [blocking] = M
I.E'Ii!

TLT-6100 Langattoman tietoliikenteen perusteet
tLT-6106/6100 Basic Course on Wireless Communications
Appendix to the Exam 30.1.2009 (part 2 of 2)
Q .j3N IM IOlog,. C 1 o log,. (N; I)
K
1J
UL
= L W v
k
(1 + iuJ
k=11+ __
PkRk
pi = c(tR - tT ) = r + CL1t;
SS'inBOC (t)
sign
PC 10 log,. ( J
(
. (NBOC7rt))
s/,n
Tc
Erlang B capacity with 1%,2%, 3% and 5% blocking
CHs 1% 2 3%
5 % CHs
1 0.01 0 .. 01 0 .03 0.05 21
2 0. 15 0.22 0.28 0.38 22
3 0.46 0.60 0.72 0.90 23
4 0.87 1.09 1.26 1.52 24
5 1.36 1.66 1.88 2.22 25
6 1. 9 1 2.28 2.54 2.96 26
7 2.50 2. 94 3.25 3.75 27
8 3. 13 3.63 3.99 4. 54 28
9 3.78 4.34 4.75 5.37 29
10 4.46 5.08 5.53 6.22 30
11 5.16 5. 84 6.33 7.08 31
11 5. 88 6 .61 7. 14 7.95 32
13 6.6 1 7.40 7.97 8.83 33
14 7.35 8.80 9.73 34
15 8. 11 9.01 9. 6 5 10.60 35
16 8.88 9.83 10.5 0 11.50 36
17 9.65 to .70 11.40 12.50 37
18 10.40 11.50 12.20 13 .40 38
19 11.20 12 .30 13. 10 14.30 39
20 12. 00 13.20 14.00 15.20 40
1%
12 .80
13 .70
14.50
15 .30
16.10
17 .00
17 .80
18.60
19.50
10.30
21.20
22.00
22.90
23 .80
24.60
25.50
26.40
27.30
28 .10
29 .00
1% 30,'0 5%
14.00 1490 16 .20
14.90 15.80 17.10
j 5.80 16.70 I S.1 0
16.60 17.60 19.00
17.50 18.50 20.00
18.40 19.40 :20.90
19.30 20.3 0 :; 1.90
20.2 0 21.2 0 22. 90
21. 00 22 .10 23.80
21. 90 23.1 0 24.80
22.80 25.80
23 .70 24.90 26.70
24 .60 25 .80 27.70
25 .50 26 .80 1S.70
26.40 27.70 19. 70
17.30 28.60 .,0 70
28 .30 29 .60 J 1. 60
29.20 30.50 32 .60
30.10 3l.50 33.60
31.00 32 .40 34 .60

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