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2-Design For Action Effects - M & P (2011)

The document discusses uniaxial bending of reinforced concrete members under bending and axial loads. It covers the basics of strain compatibility, material laws, and equilibrium. Methods for analyzing reinforced concrete sections in the elastic and inelastic ranges are presented, including the effects of cracking and steel yielding. Serviceability and ultimate limit states are discussed. Examples on calculating the moment capacity of different reinforced concrete structures such as beams, box girders, and columns are also provided.

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243 views34 pages

2-Design For Action Effects - M & P (2011)

The document discusses uniaxial bending of reinforced concrete members under bending and axial loads. It covers the basics of strain compatibility, material laws, and equilibrium. Methods for analyzing reinforced concrete sections in the elastic and inelastic ranges are presented, including the effects of cracking and steel yielding. Serviceability and ultimate limit states are discussed. Examples on calculating the moment capacity of different reinforced concrete structures such as beams, box girders, and columns are also provided.

Uploaded by

Omar Riley
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CE5510 Advanced Structural

Concrete Design
2 Design for Action Effects
2.
Part 1 Bending & Axial Load

Professor Tan Kiang Hwee


Department of Civil Engineering
National University of Singapore

Action Effects

Flexure (Bending) My Mx
p
Compression/Tension
N
Shear V
Torsion T

T
My weight

Mx
V

Tan K H, NUS

z
y
x

BENDING with or without AXIAL FORCE


Method of strain compatibility
p
y & force equilibrium
q

3 basic requirements:
Compatibility
Strains (deformations) at various locations are related
to one another

Material Laws
Stress-strain relations (aka constitutive relations)

Equilibrium
Externally applied forces/moments = Internal resisting
forces/moments

Tan K H, NUS

Uni-axial Bending
w
w
SLS

steel
yielding

cracking

Assumptions :
Plane sections remain plane
Perfect bond between concrete
& reinft.
g of concrete is
Tensile strength
neglected after cracking
Tan K H, NUS

1 - Elastic,
uncracked

ULS
3 -Inelastic,
cracked

2 - Elastic,
cracked

Uniaxial bending
g
c
x

n.a.

Ts
Tc

Elastic,
uncracked

<0.4fc

n.a.

Tan K H, NUS

Elastic,
cracked

>0.4fc
n.a.

C
T

Inelastic,
cracked
k d

cu
Mn

n.a.

Ultimate

Compatibility: ~ c
Material laws: ~
Equilibrium: F = 0 ; M = M
Tan K H, NUS

Serviceability Limit State


b

= As/bd
= As/bd
n = Es/Ec

As
h

d
As

Section
Strain compatibility:

c/
/ s = x/(x-d)
/( d)
c/s = x/(d-x)
Tan K H, NUS

Strain

x/3

C
C

n.a.

fs
Stress

Material laws:

fc = Ec c
fs = Es s
fs = Es s

fc

b
As

= As/bd
= As/bd
n = Es/Ec

As

Section
Stress resultants:

C = bxfc/2
C=ffsA
C
As=nf
nfcAs(x-d)/x
(x d )/x
T=fsAs=nfcAs(d-x)/x
x/d
Tan K H, NUS

Strain

x/3

fs

fc

fs

C
C
na
n.a.
T

Stress

Equilibrium:

C + C = T
M = C(d - x/3) + C(d-d)

= [(+)2n2 + 2(+d/d)n]1/2 - (+)n

Ultimate limit state

If width of compression
zone decreases in the
direction
i
i
off extreme
compression fibre, fcd
should be reduced by
10%.
Tan K H, NUS

fcd = cc fck / c

cu (0/00) = 3,5 for fck 50 MPa


cu (0/00) = 2,6 + 35[(90-fck)/100]4 for fck 50 MPa

Example
p RC Box Girder
Calculate the ultimate moment of resistance of the box
girder shown.
g
1200

50

120 mm
1000 mm2

120

800
250
50

Tan K H, NUS

2000 mm2
5000 mm2

fck = 30 MPa
MP
fyk = 500 MPa

cu= 0.0035
x=200
00
mm

Mu

160
s mm

s1
s2

0.567fck

C1
Cs
C2

Ts1
Ts2

s=0.0035x150/200 = 0.0263>y=(fy/m)/Es = (500/1.15)/(200,000) = 0.0217


s1> y ; s2 > y
C1 =0.567x30x1200x120x10-3 = 2449 kN
C2 =0.567x30x240x40x 10-3 = 163 kN
Cs =1000x435x 10-3 = 435 kN
Ts1=2000x435x 10-3 = 870 kN
Ts2 =5000x435x 10-3 = 2175 kN
C1+C
C2+C
Cs- Ts1- Ts2 = 2 0
OK
Tan K H, NUS

Mu= [2449x140 + 163x60


+ 435x150 + 870x300
+ 2175x550] kNmm
= 1875 kNm

Example Isolated LL-beam


beam

Tan K H, NUS

200 mm

600 mm

A simply-supported beam with


an inverted L-section is
subjected to vertical loads as
shown. The beam is free to
deflect vertically and laterally
between its supports.
Determine the design
moment of resistance of the
L-section. The reinforcement
consisted of four uniformly
spaced steel bars of equal
di
diameter,
t
with
ith a ttotal
t l area off
2250 mm2. Assume vertical
loads to pass through shear
centre of section.
section

M
50 mm
300 mm 300 mm
Material properties:
fck = 40 MPa;
fyk =500 MPa; and
Es = 200 GPa.

T = Asfyk/s=978.8 kN

60
00 mm

150
g

300 mm

C = T gives
(450 g) (0.567fck)
= 9788000

g = 191.8 mm
M
T

50 mm

300 mm 300 mm

Tan K H, NUS

Check s >yk
(= 0.00217)
Mn= 978.8 x (550 191.8/3)
=978.8 x 486.1 = 475.7 kNm

What if beam is prevented from deflecting


y
laterally?

n.a.
My = 491.4 kNm

x
Mz = ?
Tan K H, NUS

Effect of p
prestressing
g
dps
Aps
As

ds

cu

fcd
0.8x

M
P
cu(dps/x-1)

pe
ce

pps = ppe + ce + cu (dpps - x)/x


where pe = fpe/Eps = P/ApsEps
ce = fce/Ec = P[1/Ac + eo2/I]/Ec
s = cu (ds - x)/x
Tan K H, NUS

Apsfps
Asfs

N = 0
M = M

Example
p PC Box Girder
Calculate the ultimate moment of resistance of the
prestressed concrete box girder shown. The effective prestess
in the tendons is 1100 MPa.
MPa
Ac = 374,400 mm2
I = 30.8 x 109 mm4
1200
yt = 356 mm
50
120 mm
fck = 30 MPa
1000 mm2
fyk = 500 MPa
yt
Es = 200 GPa
c.g.c.
fpk = 1860 MPa
120
800
1000 mm2
fp0.1k = 1580 MPa
250
Eps = 195 GPa
GP
4600 mm2
fpe = 1100 Mpa
50
Assume bi-linear
relations for steel.
steel
Tan K H, NUS

cu= 0.0035

50
1000
mm2
56

n.a.
c.g.c.

1000 mm2

250
200
250

4600 mm2

x = 300
mm

0.567fck

240
mm

ce + pe
s

Cs

C1
C2

Tp

50

Ts

Stress in concrete at c.g.s. due to P (= 1100 kN)


fce = P/Ac + Peo2/I = 1100x103/374,400 + 2500x103x1442/(30.8x109)
= 4.62 MPa

Strain components in tendons


pe = fe/Eps = 1100/195,000 = 0.00564
Ecm = 22(fck + 8)0.3 = 22 x (30 + 8)0.3 = 32.8 GPa
ce = fce/Ecm = 4.62/32,800 = 0.000141
f p 0 .1 k / s 1580 / 1 . 15
500 300
ps pe ce cu

0
.
00812

0 . 00705

300
E
195
,
000

ps
Tan K H, NUS

cu= 0.0035

50
1000
mm2
56

n.a.
c.g.c.

1000 mm2
4150 mm2

250
200
250

x = 300
mm

0.567fck

240
mm

ce + pe
s

50

Cs

C1
C2

Tp
Ts

Steel strains
f yk / s 500 / 1.15
435
300 50
0.0035

0.00217
0.00292( comp )
300
E
200
,
000
200
,
000

s
'
s

f yk / s
750 300
s 0.0035
0.00217
0.00525
300
E

s
all steel have yielded.

Tan K H, NUS

cu= 0.0035

50
1000
mm2
56

n.a.
c.g.c.

1000 mm2
4150 mm2

250
200
250
50

x = 300
mm

Forces

C1 0.567 30 1200 120 10 3 2449 kN


C2 0.567 30 240 120 10 3 490kN
Cs 1000 (500 / 1.15) 10 3 435kN
T p 1000 (1580 / 1.15) 10 3 1374 kN

Ts 2 4600 (500 / 1.15) 10 3 2001kN


Check for Equilibrium

F 2449 490 435 1374 2001 1kN


Tan K H, NUS

0.567fck

240
mm

ce + pe
s

Cs

C1
C2

Tp
Ts

Ult. moment capacity


(taken about n.a.)
M = 2449x240 + 490x120
+435x250 + 1374x200
+ 2001x450 kNmm
= 588 + 58.8 + 109
+ 275 + 9001
= 1931 kNm
kN

Exercise PC Girder
Calculate the ultimate
moment of resistance of the
PC girder shown.
Ac = 290,000 mm2
yt = 356 mm
fck = 40 MPa
fyk = 500 MPa
Es = 200 GPa
GP
fpk = 1860 MPa
fpp0.1k = 1580 MPa
Eps = 195 GPa
fpe = 1100 MPa
Aps = 100 mm2 /strand
Tan K H, NUS

350
200
150

100

2H16

500
150
200

12-12.9
strands
2H20

150
100

100 150 100

Effect of axial load


N
e c2 =

0.0035

0.002

0.002

0.002

0.002

cu2 =
0.0035

0.0035

M = Ne

Tan K H, NUS

e=0

increasing

x =

decreasing
N = N
M = M

N-M ((Column)) Interaction Diagram


g
N

No

Compression failure

N
M

Balanced
failure

Nb

e
M = Ne
No

Tan K H, NUS

Tension
failure

Example
p

Tan K H, NUS

450 mm

27
75 mm

N
50
mm

A reinforced concrete short


column,, hexagonal
g
in crosssection, contains six 25 mm
diameter longitudinal bars
and is subjected to an
eccentric compression
load. Given that fck = 30
MPa; fyk = 500 MPa and Es =
200 GPa,
GP calculate
l l t th
the
design ultimate load N that
the column can carry at an
eccentricity e = 275 mm
eccentricity,

275 mm

50
0
mm
m

450 mm

Tan K H, NUS

Biaxial Bending
g
M

z
y
Mz
My

Mz due to

wind load

My

due to
gravity load

Mz

tan

M
y

M My Mz
2

Tan K H, NUS

yC
zC

My

M My Mz
2

Mz

tan

M
y

z
Mz
n

C ( Ci ) T j
i

Tan K H, NUS

M y T j z j Czc
j 1

M z T j y j Cy
C c
j 1

C>0 comp.
comp
T>0 tension

My/bh2fck

Increasing
g

b
As/4

As/4

As/4

As/4

As/Acfcu

My

h
Mz

Tan K H, NUS

Mz/b2hfck

So,
Example Biaxial bending

A concrete beam has a 250 mm square section and is reinforced by


4T28 steel bars, one bar being placed at 50 mm from each edge in
each
h corner off th
the section.
ti
E
Evaluate
l t th
the fl
flexurall strength
t
th off th
the
section if it is subjected to biaxial bending moments of equal
magnitude about axes parallel to the edges. The material properties
are: fyk = 500 MPa, fck = 30 MPa, and Es = 200 GPa.

50

Tan K H, NUS

250

fcd = 0.9x0.567fck
= 0.51fck
x=148

0.8x

Cs
C
Ts1

s1
s2

Ts2

Ans:

Tan K H, NUS

Biaxial bending with axial loading


z
ey

ey

Mz
N

ez

My

ez

er e y ez
2

e.g. corner columns

Tan K H, NUS

ez
1 M y

tan tan
Mz
ey
1

x er

C
y

x
08
0.8x

N C Tj

M y Nez Czc T j zi
j

M z Ne y Cyc T j yi
j
Tan K H, NUS

Tj

N-My-Mz
i t
interaction
ti
diagram for
rectangular
section

ey
er

N
ez
Note:

M M
k

When Pn is small,
My + Mz 1
(i a straight
(i.e.
t i ht line)
li )
When Pn is large,
Mnx2 + Mny2 1
(i.e. a circle)

Mz=Ne
Ney
My=Nez
Tan K H, NUS

Exercise (Exam 2010)


A corner column in a multi-storey building is to be designed with a cross-sectional shape as
shown in Fig. Q-1. At ultimate limit state, the column is to carry bi-axial bending moments,
My and Mz, of equal magnitude
magnitude, about two orthogonal axes,
axes y and z,
z besides an axial load N.
N
Determine the maximum value of My or Mz, if no tension is allowed in any part of the
section. Assume fck = 30 MPa; fyk = 500 MPa; Es = 200 GPa; c = 1.5; s = 1.15. The
section has eight 25 bars placed around the periphery, with a cover of 50 mm to each bar.
y

200

axis of
symmetry

z
200
200

200

200
Fig. Q-1

Tan K H, NUS

All
dimensions
are in mm.

Further Reading
Nilson, A.H.,
Nilson
A H Darwin
Darwin, D
D. & Dolan
Dolan, C
C.W.,
W Design
Design of
Concrete Structures, 14e in SI Units, Ch 3.
Wight,
g J.K. & MacGregor,
g J.G., Reinforced Concrete:
Mechanics & Design, 5 ed., Ch 4.
Martin, L. & Purkiss, J., Concrete Design to EN 1992, ,
Ch 6
6.

Tan K H, NUS

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